Slide 1

Slide 2

S.V.

Slide 3

What are Stem Cells? Classification of Stem Cells Current Uses of Stem Cells Legal Restrictions Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Therapeutic Cloning Potential Use of Stem Cells New & Exciting Research Conclusion Table of Contents

Slide 4

Stem cells are pluripotent. Stem cells serve as a repair system for the body. Stem cells have the potential in many different areas of health and medical research. By studying stem cells we can understand diseases and how serious conditions occur. Stem cells may be used one day in the future to make cells and tissues for therapy for many different diseases. Stem Cells

Slide 5

Classification Formed as a normal part of embryonic development Can be isolated from an early embryo and grown in a dish

Slide 6

Also called adult stem cells Exist naturally in body Important for growth, healing, and replacing cells lost through daily wear and tear Can become only a subset of related cell types Classification

Slide 7

Stem cell therapies are not new Somatic Cell Therapy for blood and skin diseases Stem cell therapies are not new Somatic Cell Therapy for blood and skin diseases Current Uses Regenerative capabilities of human skin to treat victims of severe burns using skin transplants Possible cause stem cells located under top layer of skin that reproduce worn out skin cells daily After severe burns, source of these reproducing stem cells are destroyed Past: used to treat burns by transplanting sections of skin of undamaged area to burned areas but if not enough unharmed skin found then no treatment Now: scientists grow sheets of new skin by culturing stem cells from small pieces of healthy skin

Slide 8

Current Uses Can already treat leukemia, sickle cell anemia, bone marrow damage, some metabolic disorders and immunodeficiencies where the body has lost ability to replenish its healthy blood cells Hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to all blood cells Only way to use hematopoietic stem cells is bone marrow transplants Scientists are exploring new use for these stem cells that go beyond blood related diseases

Slide 9

Canada: Governed by Assisted Humans Reproduction Act Protect principles of free and informed consent, human dignity, non- commercialization of gametes and embryos and respect for embryos Not ethically acceptable to create human embryos for research In vitro fertilization embryos may be used Reproductive and research cloning are prohibited and punishable Legalities

Slide 10

Slide 11

Classification Created artificially by reprogramming patients cells Made from readily available somatic cells An alternate to hES but not the same

Slide 12

Classification Method of cloning patient-specific embryonic stem cells Also known as nuclear transfer

Slide 13

Potential Uses There are many potential uses and applications of Stem Cells. The three I am going to discuss are: Resource for Testing New Medical Treatments Development and Disease Research Regenerative Medicine

Slide 14

Potential Uses

Slide 15

Antipsychotic drug, Thioridazine, found by McMaster University researchers, is a smart drug that kills only cancer stem cells and appears to have no effect on normal cells Was removed from shelved by Health Canada because it causes irregular heartbeat that may cause sudden death One of 26 drugs found by Bhatia and his team Studying how Thioridazine works also led McMaster researchers to discover new ways in which cancer stem cells grow and evolve. New Research

Slide 16

As we grow from fertilized eggs into fully formed human beings, stem cells give rise to all of our differentiated tissues and organs. Stem cells continue to play an important role throughout our lives as they help to heal and maintain our bodies. Stem cells offer an exciting promise for future therapies and may be used one day to make cells and tissues for therapy for many devastating diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Diabetes. Conclusion

Slide 17

References DI Gieuseppe, M., Vavitsas, A., Ritter, B., Dr., Fraser, D., Arora, A., & Lisser, B. (2003). The Importance of the Nervous System. In Nelson Biology 12 (pp. 471-472 NIH: National Institutes of Health. (2012). Stem Cells. Retrieved May, 2012, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/stemcells.html Euro Stem Cell. (2009, June 1). What are the potential applications of stem cell research? Retrieved May, 2012, from http://www.eurostemcell.org/faq/ what- are-potential-applications-stem-cell-research Genetic Science Learning Center (1969, December 31) The Nature of Stem Cells. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved May 27, 2012, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scintro/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scintro/ Genetic Science Learning Center (1969, December 31) Stem Cell Quick Reference. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved May 27, 2012, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/quickref/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/quickref/ Genetic Science Learning Center (1969, December 31) The Stem Cell Debate: Is It Over?. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved May 27, 2012, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scissues/ Reiser, J., Ph.D., & LSU Health New Orleans. (n.d.). Mending the Broken Brain: Novel Ways to Repair Brain Damage Using Stem Cells and Genes. Retrieved May, 2012, from http://www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu/genetics_center/ louisiana/article_brokenbrain.htmhttp://www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu/genetics_center/ Genetic Science Learning Center (1969, December 31) Stem Cells In Use. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved May 27, 2012, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/sctoday/ Genetic Science Learning Center (1969, December 31) Unlocking Stem Cell Potential. Learn. Genetics. Retrieved May 27, 2012, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scfuture/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scfuture/

Slide 18

References UBC. (2004, August). Stem Cell Bioengineering. Retrieved May, 2012, from http://www.scq.ubc.ca/ stem-cell-bioengineering/ National Institute of Health Research. (2009). Stem Cell Basics. Retrieved May 2, 2012, from http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics6.asp The National Academies. (2009). Stem Cell Basics. Retrieved May, 2012, from http://dels-old.nas.edu/ bls/stemcells/why-stem-cell-research.shtml The National Academies. (2009). Stem Cell Basics - Ethics. Retrieved May, 2012, from http://dels-old.nas.edu/ bls/stemcells/ethics.shtml The National Academies. (2009). Stem Cell Basics - Ethics. Retrieved May, 2012, from http://dels-old.nas.edu/ bls/stemcells/working-with-stem-cells.shtml Stem Cell Network. (2009). Canada's Regulatory Oversight of Stem Cell Research. Retrieved May, 2012, from http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/ index.php?page=canada-s-regulatory-oversight-of-stem-cell-research Frketich, J. (2012, May 25). Drug that kills cancer stem cells has safety concerns. Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved from http:/http://www.thespec.com/news/local/article/ 730705--drug-that-kills- cancer-stem-cells-has-safety-concerns

Slide 19

Slide 3 http://www.stemcelltreatments.in/strokehttp://www.stemcelltreatments.in/stroke Slides 4, 5, 10 & 11 - http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/quickref/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/quickref/ Slide 6 - http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiol ogy/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%202%20Review/Ch%2 05%20Skin%20Grafts.htm http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiol ogy/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%202%20Review/Ch%2 05%20Skin%20Grafts.htm Slide 7 - http://www.drugs.com/health-guide/bone-marrow- transplant.htmlhttp://www.drugs.com/health-guide/bone-marrow- transplant.html Slide 9 - http://www.genengnews.com/insight-and- intelligence/california-stem-cell-agency-s-road-to-success-for- next-five-years-will-have-to-run-through-the-clinic/77899540/http://www.genengnews.com/insight-and- intelligence/california-stem-cell-agency-s-road-to-success-for- next-five-years-will-have-to-run-through-the-clinic/77899540/ Slide 13 - http://repairstemcell.wordpress.com/2011/11/16/adult- stem-cells-and-radiation/http://repairstemcell.wordpress.com/2011/11/16/adult- stem-cells-and-radiation/ Animation Slide 15 - http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/stemcells/differentiation.html http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/stemcells/differentiation.html Picture References