Sustainable OperationsSustainable Operations

- Water in the Built - Water in the Built EnvironmentEnvironment

Sustainable Operations Sustainable Operations Summit 2008Summit 2008

Sarah H. BakerSarah H. Baker

World View of WaterWorld View of Water

97%97%

2.5% frozen2.5% frozen 0.5%0.5%

World ViewWorld View

• For high-income countries, water For high-income countries, water use is:use is:– 30% Agricultural30% Agricultural– 59% Industrial59% Industrial– 11% Domestic11% Domestic

Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Water Facts and Trends, 2005.

World ViewWorld View

• Industrial UseIndustrial Use– power plantspower plants– ore and oil refineriesore and oil refineries– manufacturing plantsmanufacturing plants

1 World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Water Facts and Trends, 2005.

World ViewWorld View

Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Water Facts and TrendsWater Facts and Trends, 2005., 2005.

Average Daily Water Use

323

3856

77

156

0

50

100

150

200

Mali China India Egypt France USA

Per

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ita,

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Federal GovernmentFederal Government

• Uses 244-256 billion gallons of water Uses 244-256 billion gallons of water annually (equal to water use of annually (equal to water use of Michigan)Michigan)

• Requires 138 billion BTUs of energy to Requires 138 billion BTUs of energy to process and use water (98% used to process and use water (98% used to heat water)heat water)

• Could conserve 40% of water—102.4 Could conserve 40% of water—102.4 billion gallons— annually with moderate billion gallons— annually with moderate efforts (enough water for Iowa)efforts (enough water for Iowa)

Source: Federal Energy Management Source: Federal Energy Management ProgramProgram

250,000,000,000 250,000,000,000 gallonsgallons

138,000,000,000 BTUs138,000,000,000 BTUs

102,400,000,000 102,400,000,000 gallonsgallons

Federal DirectivesFederal Directives

• EO 13423 - EO 13423 - Strengthening Federal Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy and Transportation Environmental, Energy and Transportation ManagementManagement – reduce water consumption intensity through life-reduce water consumption intensity through life-

cycle cost-effective measures by 2 % annually cycle cost-effective measures by 2 % annually through the end of fiscal year 2015 (16% total)through the end of fiscal year 2015 (16% total)

• Energy Independence and Security Act Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA)(EISA)

ImplementationImplementation

• Assess and PrioritizeAssess and Prioritize

• Implement stategies through Implement stategies through EMSEMSEngineering practices = Engineering practices = Changing fixtures Changing fixtures

Behavioral practices = Behavioral practices = Changing attitudesChanging attitudes

• Monitor progressMonitor progress

Residential Water UseResidential Water Use

Source: 1999 Aquacraft, Inc. and American Water Works Association Research FoundationSource: 1999 Aquacraft, Inc. and American Water Works Association Research Foundation

Faucet, 6.3%

Unknown, 1.0%

Other, 0.9%

Shower, 6.8%

Toilet, 10.8%

Clothes washer, 8.7%

Bath, 0.7%

Dishwasher, 0.6%

Leak, 5.5%

Outdoor, 58.7%

Assess and PrioritizeAssess and Prioritize

• Water audits (10% of buildings/year)Water audits (10% of buildings/year)– Required by EO 13423 InstructionsRequired by EO 13423 Instructions– Part of our facilities inspectionsPart of our facilities inspections– Use life-cycle cost analysisUse life-cycle cost analysis

• Outdoor water ~60% of water useOutdoor water ~60% of water use• Bathroom ~45% of indoor water useBathroom ~45% of indoor water use• Leaks ~6% of water useLeaks ~6% of water use

Implement StrategiesImplement Strategies

• Use national Environmental Use national Environmental Management System (EMS) to Management System (EMS) to define Action Plansdefine Action Plans

• Continual improvement of Continual improvement of performance through EMS performance through EMS feedback loopsfeedback loops

Outdoor Water UseOutdoor Water Use

• Climate-appropriate landscapesClimate-appropriate landscapes• Water-efficient irrigation Water-efficient irrigation

systemssystems• Vehicle wash systemsVehicle wash systems

– If every car owner in the US who washes a If every car owner in the US who washes a car at home went to a water-recycling car car at home went to a water-recycling car wash for the next wash, the savings would wash for the next wash, the savings would total more than 4 billion gallons total more than 4 billion gallons

• Alternate water sourcesAlternate water sources

Alternate Water SourcesAlternate Water Sources

• Rainwater harvesting systemRainwater harvesting system– Capture (roof and gutters)Capture (roof and gutters)– Storage (barrels or tanks)Storage (barrels or tanks)– Delivery (pipes, pumps, and valves)Delivery (pipes, pumps, and valves)

• DetailsDetails– Cost $500 - $10,000+Cost $500 - $10,000+– Depends on rainfall and desired useDepends on rainfall and desired use– Properly size pipe, tank, and pumpProperly size pipe, tank, and pump

Alternate Water SourcesAlternate Water SourcesExample:Example: • 10” rain/year (NM)10” rain/year (NM)• 5000 ft5000 ft22 office office• 31,000 gallons 31,000 gallons

water/yearwater/yearExample:Example: • 35” rain/year (TX)35” rain/year (TX)• 5000 ft5000 ft22 office office• 109,000 gallons 109,000 gallons

water/yearwater/year• (at 50 gallons per (at 50 gallons per

car wash, this is car wash, this is 2180 carwashes!)2180 carwashes!)

Engineering PracticesEngineering PracticesFixtures (bathroom)Fixtures (bathroom)

•ToiletToilet

•Low-flow showerheadsLow-flow showerheads

•Faucet aeratorsFaucet aerators

• Low-flush toilets - 5.4 yrs. cost recoveryLow-flush toilets - 5.4 yrs. cost recovery• Displacement device - 1 to 2 gal. per flushDisplacement device - 1 to 2 gal. per flush

• Inexpensive Inexpensive • Reduce indoor water use by ~6% eachReduce indoor water use by ~6% each

• InexpensiveInexpensive• Reduces faucet water use by up to 60%Reduces faucet water use by up to 60%

Engineering PracticesEngineering Practices

Leak detectionLeak detection• Leaks are 5.5% of water use Leaks are 5.5% of water use • Potential for major property damagePotential for major property damage

Behavioral PracticesBehavioral Practices

Indoor water useIndoor water use

What to do:What to do: How much is saved:How much is saved:

Turn off the water when Turn off the water when brushing teethbrushing teeth

3 gallons per day 3 gallons per day

Shorten showers by one or Shorten showers by one or two minutes two minutes

5 gallons per day5 gallons per day

Fix leaky faucets Fix leaky faucets 20 gallons per day 20 gallons per day

Wash only full loads of Wash only full loads of laundry laundry

15 and 50 gallons per load 15 and 50 gallons per load

Outdoor water useOutdoor water use

What to do:What to do: How much is saved:How much is saved:

Water before 8 a.m. to Water before 8 a.m. to reduce evaporation and reduce evaporation and interference from windinterference from wind

25 gallons per day 25 gallons per day

Use a broom instead of a Use a broom instead of a hose to clean driveways and hose to clean driveways and sidewalkssidewalks

150 gallons each time 150 gallons each time

Check sprinkler system for Check sprinkler system for leaks, overspray and broken leaks, overspray and broken sprinkler heads. sprinkler heads.

500 gallons a month 500 gallons a month

Behavioral PracticesBehavioral Practices

Questions?Questions?