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Transcript of Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure FIDIC Beijing Conference William S. Howard, P.E., FACEC Past...
Sustainable Municipal InfrastructureSustainable Municipal Infrastructure
FIDIC Beijing ConferenceFIDIC Beijing Conference
William S. Howard, P.E., FACECWilliam S. Howard, P.E., FACECPast Chair, ACECPast Chair, ACECExecutive Vice President, CDMExecutive Vice President, CDM
September 2005September 2005
Sustainable InfrastructureSustainable Infrastructure
It’s:It’s: Livable citiesLivable cities Urban sustainabilityUrban sustainability Green buildingsGreen buildings Smart growthSmart growth
It’s more than built to last…
Guiding PrincipleGuiding Principle
Balance infrastructure needs with environmental protection to enhance the quality of life for present and future generations.
Worldwide Sustainable Development Worldwide Sustainable Development MilestonesMilestones
1987 – Our Common Future1992 – Agenda 212000 – Millennium Declaration2002 – World Summit
The Case for SustainabilityThe Case for Sustainability
1. Higher standards of living2. World population growth:
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1950 2000 2050 2100 2150
Year
Po
pu
lati
on
(b
illi
on
s)
World
DevelopingCountries
DevelopedCountries
Source: United Nations
The Case for SustainabilityThe Case for Sustainability
3. Poverty Rate 4. Food Consumption
0
10
20
30
40
50
1986 1990 1991 1993 1996 2000
Po
ve
rty
Ra
te (
%)
Sub-Sahara AfricaSouth AsiaWorldEast AsiaLatin AmericaNorth Africa/West AfricaEastern Europ/Former Sovie Union
1800
2200
2600
3000
3400
Cal
ori
es/P
erso
n/D
ay
Sub-Sahara Africa
South Asia
Developed Countries
East Asia
Latin America
Source: World BankSource: FAO
Today’s SpeakersToday’s Speakers
1. Althea Povey – South Africa2. (Name TBD) – China3. Bill Howard – United States
Sustainable Municipal InfrastructureSustainable Municipal Infrastructure
FIDIC Beijing Conference—Morning WorkshopFIDIC Beijing Conference—Morning Workshop
William S. Howard, P.E., FACECWilliam S. Howard, P.E., FACECPast Chair, ACECPast Chair, ACECExecutive Vice President, CDMExecutive Vice President, CDM
September 2005September 2005
Elements of Sustainable InfrastructureElements of Sustainable Infrastructure
Environmental protection
Economic development
Quality of life
This Paper—A Brief Overview of This Paper—A Brief Overview of Sustainable Development IssuesSustainable Development Issues
Morning Session Engineers and sustainability Water resources Energy generation/renewable resources Energy Star program
Afternoon Session
Abandoned properties (brownfields)
Green buildings
Energy Star program
American Society of Civil Engineers American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Policy(ASCE) Policy
The role of the civil engineer in sustainable development: Promote understanding Advance skills Advocate responsible economic approaches Promote holistic approaches Promote performance-based standards
Integrated Resource Planning Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) for Water Management(IRP) for Water Management Los Angeles, CaliforniaLos Angeles, California
Challenge – Meet water resources needs for 4.5 million people by 2020 in a city with limited water resources
Non-integrated utilities inefficient and non-sustainable
Goals of IRPGoals of IRP
Goal #1: Regional watershed approach Goal #2: Involve the public Maximize existing infrastructure and
minimize new construction to meet future needs
Recycling water from current and future facilities Building new wastewater facilities “upstream” Reducing rainfall-dependent inflow and infiltration Increasing water conservation Reusing more wet weather urban runoff Finding beneficial reuses of biosolids
IRP IRP RecommendationsRecommendations
STELLA—Water Resources STELLA—Water Resources Modeling SoftwareModeling Software
“Water resource systems analysis” tool Study tradeoffs/interdependencies between
physical, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects
Integrated planning tool Systems model, not a model of a system Descriptive, NOT prescriptive
STELLASTELLA
STELLA model showing an interconnected four-reservoir supply system and its complex interdependencies (red arrows).
Beautification of 1,942 hectares of green space
Revitalize 324 waterfront hectares for residential, office, and retail use
Result – A revitalized, attractive, healthier downtown Fort Worth
Trinity River VisionTrinity River VisionFort Worth, TexasFort Worth, Texas
Independent Water Supply Flood control Recreation Education Enhanced downtown
Marina BarrageMarina BarrageSingaporeSingapore
Nationwide water management program Protect and enhance water quality Catchment-basin approach Integration of multiple stakeholders Success based on interrelationships of complex, real-world issues
Ireland’s Water Ireland’s Water Management PlanManagement Plan
Merge needs for clean water and public space Comprehensive noise and odor control 114-mld plant sits on 12 hectares, leaving… 20 hectares of recreation land and 2-kilometer shoreline to public access Partnership among various disciplines
New Bedford’s New Bedford’s Integrated VisionIntegrated Vision
Cities of the FutureCities of the Future
Fresh, proactive, and stakeholder-based approaches
Join environmental planners, treatment experts, transportation specialists, modelers, landscape architects, financial planners, and other stakeholders
Restore cities through “soft” and “hard” approaches
Proposed “Cities of the Future” Proposed “Cities of the Future” WorkshopWorkshop
National Science Foundation
Center for Urban Environmental Studies at Northeastern University
Corporate, non-profit, academic sponsors
Interdisciplinary panel of experts to develop visionary concepts
Urban water quality and hydrology
Green cities and smart growth
Address legal, social, ecological barriers
Global Energy UseGlobal Energy Use
Global energy use will increase 1.7% annually to 2030
Fossil fuels will supply 90% of energy sources
Carbon dioxide emissions will increase 1.8% annually to 2030
COCO2 2 CaptureCapture
ProjectProject
International effort Reduce CO2 emissions
by sequestration
Scotland to capture greenhouse gases in North Sea oil field
Injections may help recover oil
“…The longer we wait—and the more infrastructure we build without regard to its affect on emissions—the more daunting the task of keeping CO2 levels from increasing beyond dangerous levels.”
Elizabeth Kolbert
The New Yorker
May 9, 2005
North American Energy UseNorth American Energy Use
Fossil fuel consumption and emissions are 10 times higher per capita in North America
1.4% average annual increase in energy demand
Since 1973, U.S. foreign oil dependence increased from 35% to 53% and natural gas imports rose from less than 5% to more than 15%
86% of U.S. energy consumption from coal, oil, and natural gas.
Oil reserves could be exhausted within next century
Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy
Environmentally sound option to reduce dependence
Solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal, tidal, wind
In 2001, renewable energy resources supplied 6 to 7 percent of U.S. energy: 42% - hydroelectric 50% - biomass/biofuels 5.5% - geothermal 1% - solar energy 1% - wind
Solar Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic SystemsSystems
Convert sunlight directly into electricity
Reliable, predictable electricity for peak power grid capacity
Photo © 2005 PowerLight Corporation
Solar Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic SystemsSystems
World’s largest solar power generation facility in Germany
Three German installations total 10 peak MW of generating capacity
Photo © 2005 PowerLight Corporation
Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy
Wind power gaining ground in U.S.
Land-based wind parks in California, Hawaii, Iowa, and Texas
Offshore wind parks relatively new, but being considered
World’s Biggest World’s Biggest Wind TurbineWind Turbine
Started in Germany in February by RE Power
120-meters tall
5 MW maximum production capacity
Energy for 5,000 homes
Plans for installation offshore near Scotland
© REPower
Cape Cod Cape Cod Wind FarmWind Farm
130 wind turbines will produce 420 MW of power for more than 231,000 homes
Replace 113 million gallons of oil/year
Eliminate emissions, reduce greenhouse gases
Save more than $800 million in energy costs
© Photo and digital turbines by Environmental Design and Research
GeoThermal EnergyGeoThermal Energy
50,000 times the energy of all oil and gas resources
Clean, reliable, and homegrown
$1.5-billion-per-year enterprise in United States
2,000 MW of electricity generation; 650 MW of non-electric applications; 3,700 MW of thermal energy
Geothermal power development could exceed $25 billion in 10 – 15 years
Energy Star ProgramEnergy Star Program
Established in 1992 for energy-efficient computers
Identify products to save energy and reduce greenhouse emissions
28,000 products in 40 categories
$10 billion in energy and cost savings (2004)
Prevented emissions equivalent to 18 million vehicles
Televisions Water Coolers
Traffic Signals
Exit Signs
Furnaces
Monitors
Printers
ComputersClothes W
ashers Refrigerators
Insulation
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Fluorescent Light Bulbs
VCRs
Windows & Doors
Sustainable Development for the Sustainable Development for the FutureFuture
Complex and long-term challenges will take sustained effort for generations
No one approach, no one single formula
A “blueprint” for sustainable development is neither possible nor desirable
Every country, community, environmental steward, and municipality must take a proactive role in shaping the future
Sustainable Municipal InfrastructureSustainable Municipal Infrastructure
FIDIC Beijing Conference—Afternoon WorkshopFIDIC Beijing Conference—Afternoon Workshop
William S. Howard, P.E., FACECWilliam S. Howard, P.E., FACECPast Chair, ACECPast Chair, ACECExecutive Vice President, CDMExecutive Vice President, CDM
September 2005September 2005
This Paper—A Brief Overview of This Paper—A Brief Overview of Sustainable Development IssuesSustainable Development Issues
Morning Session
Engineers and sustainability
Water resources
Energy generation/renewable resources
Energy Star program
Afternoon Session Abandoned properties (brownfields) Green buildings Energy Star program
American Society of Civil Engineers American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Policy(ASCE) Policy
The role of the civil engineer in sustainable development: Promote understanding Advance skills Advocate responsible economic approaches Promote holistic approaches Promote performance-based standards
Brownfields – Mitigating the Developed Brownfields – Mitigating the Developed Country DisasterCountry Disaster
Abandoned landfills, industries, military bases, etc.
Impact to property values, health, and a city’s economic viability
Revitalization through responsible sustainable investment
First major landfill to be redeveloped for active recreational use
Nine sports fields, lighted artificial turf field and track
Recreational opportunities realized on existing city-owned property
20 percent of Cambridge park land is now on former landfills/dumps
Danehy ParkDanehy ParkCambridge, MassachusettsCambridge, Massachusetts
Gilbert & MosleyGilbert & MosleyWichita, KansasWichita, Kansas
Once a liability (1,558-hectare hazardous waste site)
Posed human health, environment, and economic risks
Gilbert & MosleyGilbert & MosleyWichita, KansasWichita, Kansas
Now an asset – WATER (Wichita Area Treatment Education and Remediation) Center
405-hectare property near Los Angeles
243 hectares contaminated from aircraft industry
Home to Howard Hughes and his “Spruce Goose”
Site recently used for movies industry
Soil & groundwater remediation on more than 12 source areas
Playa VistaPlaya VistaSouthern CaliforniaSouthern California
Health-based remediation goals
243 hectares developed for residential, commercial, and retail
162 hectares used as open space and reclaimed wetlands
Playa VistaPlaya VistaSouthern CaliforniaSouthern California
Brownfields SuccessesBrownfields Successes
Since 1995, U.S. EPA has awarded $382 million in grants and loans for brownfields redevelopment
This has led to more than $7 billion in public and private redevelopment investments in more than 5,100 properties
Sustainable Building DevelopmentSustainable Building Development
76 million residential and 5 million commercial buildings use: 39% of all energy consumed in U.S. 70% of all electricity
12.2%(15 trillion gallons/year) of potable water used in commercial buildings
Buildings are major source of emissions: 49% of sulfur dioxide 25% of nitrous oxide 10% of particulate 18% of carbon dioxide
Green Building PracticesGreen Building Practices
Environmentally sound, resource efficient
Integrated approach to design, energy efficiency, renewable energy, water conservation
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
National standard for high-performance, sustainable buildings
2% investment in LEED result in 20% life-cycle savings
Bank of America TowerBank of America Tower World's most environmentally
responsible high-rise office building
First to strive for the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED Platinum designation
Innovative, high-performance technologies
Uses dramatically less energy, consumes less potable water, provides a healthy and productive indoor environment All Building Renderings: dbok for
Cook+Fox Architects.
Bank of America TowerBank of America Tower Emphasis on sustainability,
water efficiency, indoor air quality, energy
Constructed of recycled/recyclable materials
Filtered air, insulating glass, cogeneration plant
Capture and reuse rainwater
Planted roofs reduce urban heat
Evening ice production to reduce peak loadsAll Building Renderings: dbok for
Cook+Fox Architects.
The Future of BuildingsThe Future of Buildings
More than 2,000 LEED registered/certified projects in 50 states and 12 countries
Membership in Green Building Council grown by 1,000% in past 4 years
21 million square meters of LEED registered commercial building space
2003 annual market for green building product and services is $5.8 billion – 34% growth from 2002
Sustainable Building ApproachesSustainable Building Approaches
Carefully evaluate facility location and site selection
Preserve natural habitats and protect wetlands
Use natural shading, maximize daylight access
Employ xeriscaping (slow-growing, drought-tolerant plants)
Avoid over watering
Use rainwater collection systems
Design small building footprints to create large open space
Sustainable Building ApproachesSustainable Building Approaches
Install automatic light sensors
Use window coverings to reduce solar heating
Seal heating & cooling ducts
Use carpets that can be recycled
Install high-efficiency lighting
Reduce hot water settings
Use light-colored roofing materials
Turn off computers & monitors each night
Develop “best practices” programs
Energy Star ProgramEnergy Star Program
Established in 1992 for energy-efficient computers
Identify products to save energy and reduce greenhouse emissions
28,000 products in 40 categories
$10 billion in energy and cost savings (2004)
Prevented emissions equivalent to 18 million vehicles
Televisions Water Coolers
Traffic Signals
Exit Signs
Furnaces
Monitors
Printers
ComputersClothes W
ashers Refrigerators
Insulation
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Fluorescent Light Bulbs
VCRs
Windows & Doors
Sustainable Development for the Sustainable Development for the FutureFuture
Complex and long-term challenges will take sustained effort for generations
No one approach, no one single formula
A “blueprint” for sustainable development is neither possible nor desirable
Every country, community, environmental steward, and municipality must take a proactive role in shaping the future