Sustainable Development Goals and Science:

An Opportunity…

NATURAL SCIENCES

Flavia Schlegel,

Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO

Fist Science Dialogue for the Pacific, UNESCO/INGSA (29.3.2017)

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Transition from MDGs to SDGs

Source: Website The Guardian, 22.7.2015 http://gu.com/p/44qyn/sbl

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SDGs: New Development Paradigm

Universal – for all countries

Integrated3 pillars of sustainable developmenteconomic, social, environmental3 pillars of the UNdevelopment, human rights, peace and security

Interlinked – “all or nothing agenda”

National Ownership

Evidence-based

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Science in the 2030 Agenda

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• Science indicators

• HLPF – science policyinterface

• Existing monitoring mechanisms

•Goal 17: Section on Technology

•Addis Ababa Action Agenda:Section on STI and TechnologyFacilitation Mechanism

•SAMOA Pathway: Section on Means of Implementation (STI)

• 35: ST for responding to SD challenges

• 35: Science-policy interface

• SDG 6: Water

• SDG 7: Energy

• SDG 9: Innovation

• SDG 13: Climate Change

• SDG 14: Oceans

• SDG 15: Biodiversity

• SDG 17: MOI & Partnerships Goals & Targets

Declaration

Follow-up

Monitoring & review

MOI

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Declaration, para 35

35. We recognize the central role that science, technology

and innovation play in enabling the international community to

respond to sustainable development challenges. We recognize the power of

communications technologies, technical cooperation and

capacity-building for sustainable

development. We commit to strengthen the role of

the science-policy interface in environmental

governance.

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The process

5th meeting, Trieste, Italy, May 2016

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UN SG Scientific Advisory Board

• 26 independent experts

• Multidisciplinary

• Multiple-knowledge oriented

• Timely and salient on any issue of

relevance to the Secretary-General

and the UN

• Science-policy interface and

science diplomacy in action

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Goals and Targets are Interconnected

Source: WHO/CCU/16.02

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Means of Implementation

SDG 17.6 – 8

Addis Ababa Action Area G (STI and CB)

Adopting STI strategies as part of national sustainable development strategies

Promoting Science Collaboration

Enhancing STEM Education

Recognizing LINKS and their contribution to sustainable development

Technology Facilitation Mechanism and Technology Bank

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Means of Implementation

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How much does it cost and who

is going to pay?

BIG Question 2:

Change or Transformation?

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National Plans for Implementation

Samoa Pathway: SIDS

Sendai Framework: DRR

Istanbul Programme of Action: LDCs

Addis Ababa Action Agenda: FfD

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Follow up & Monitoring

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Building Peace

in the Minds of Men and Women

Over 70 years’

Experience in promoting international

cooperation in science

Origin of Copy

Right, CERN,

SESAME…

Secretariat of Intergovernmental

Science Programs

Convening Power

Neutral broker

LegitimacyNetworksChairs, Centers, Sites

Norm-Standard-Setting

Governance-Diplomacy-

Capacity Development

Credibility

Multi Sectoral MandateEducation, Science, Culture, Communication

195 Member States

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International Science Cooperation

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Natural Sciences for the 2030 Agenda

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Harnessing STI and knowledge for sustainable development Develop and monitor inclusive STI policy and knowledge systems

Increase capacity to produce, disseminate and apply STI

Increase capacity of LINKS and SIDS

Advancing science for sustainable management of natural resources, disaster risk reduction and climate change resilience IHP - water security challenges

IGGP & DRR - natural resources

MAB - natural resources, biodiversity, climate change resilience

UNESCO-designated sites as learning sites for sustainable

development

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ScienceS for the 2030 Agenda

Embedded in enabling ecosystem

Different sources of knowledge

ScienceS for SD: sustainability sciences, Future Earth

Continuum from primary education – STEM- TVET- HE

Relevance and Quality

Import versus local capacity development

Data Sharing and IPR

Funding and Donor’s interest, Regional representation

Science Governance, Advice, Diplomacy, Interface

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UNESCO’s SIDS Action Plan

UNESCO among the first UN organizations to take concrete

steps to put the priorities of the SAMOA Pathway into a

dedicated SIDS Action Plan

Developed in consultation with its SIDS Member States

Feedback received from the Pacific National Commissions

(meeting in Auckland, January 2015)

Aligned with Framework for Pacific Regionalism, and

Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific

Approved by UNESCO Member States in April 2016

Resilience and local capacity development

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UNESCO’s SIDS Action Plan

5 priority areas covering UNESCO’s multidisciplanary mandate

1. Enhancing island capacities to achieve sustainable development through education and the reinforcement of human and institutional capacities

2. Enhancing SIDS resilience towards environmental, ocean, freshwater and natural resources sustainability

3. Preserving tangible and intangible cultural heritage and promoting culture for island sustainable development

4. Supporting SIDS in the management of social transformations and the promotion of social inclusion and social justice

5. Increasing connectivity, information management and knowledge sharing

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Natural Sciences for Pacific SIDS

Activities aligned with UNDAF, Pacific-wide UCPD, SIDS Action Plan

Priority activities

STI policy and capacity building in the Pacific (SDG targets: 9.5, 17.6) Women in Science (SDG targets: 5.5, 5.c) Local and indigenous knowledge systems (1.5-climate and disaster

resilience; 2.3—small-scale agriculture; 12.b—sustainable tourism; 13) Pacific MAB Network (SDG targets 14, 15, 12.b, 13) Freshwater (SDG targets 6, 14) Oceans (SDG 14) Climate change and disaster risk resilience, climate change education

and awareness raising (SDG targets 1.5, 4.7-ESD, 13)

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Climate Change

UNESCO’s Strategy for Action on Climate Change

Enable Member States to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts through education, sciences, culture and information and communication: Resilience

UNESCO for COP (U4C) Partnership Initiative

Promote collaboration between UNESCO and COP host countries for enhanced climate change awareness and action in the lead-up to, during, and in the follow-up to UNFCCC COPs.

Mobilizes and engages the scientific, educational, media, and private sector communities, + the public at large on key COP themes and issues

UNESCO welcomes opportunities to collaborate with Fiji. as the President of COP 23.

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Resilience in the Pacific

“Towards Climate Change Resilience: Minimizing Loss and Damage in the Pacific”

In partnership with the University of the South Pacific (USP)

Research in 5 countries (Cook Islands, Samoa, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste) on the negative impacts of climate change in Pacific communities.

Climate Change Education and Citizen Science: SANDWATCH Science-in-action and capacity-building on

coastal monitoring and awareness raising Stimulates local climate change adaptation

measures Cook Islands and Kiribati using Sandwatch

in their schools

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Indigenous Knowledge for Resilience

The Canoe Is the PeoplePacific Islander knowledge of the ocean environment and traditional

wayfinding www.canoeisthepeople.org

An interactive resource with inputs from master navigators and canoe builders from the Pacific

A Learner’s Resource Pack: Teacher Manual, Student workbook, poster and map (in English and Maori)

Developed with curriculum developers from Ministries of Education of Cook Islands, New Zealand and Tonga.

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Reef and Rainforest Environmental Wiki Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands

An online wiki based on Marovo knowledge with more than 1200 Marovoterms for things of the reef, rainforest, lagoon and ocean.

Developed with the people of Marovo Lagoon and the Ministry of Education, Solomon Islands.

http://en.marovo.org/index.php?title=About

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Oceans:

Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise

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Sea-Level Rise (SLR) at present the fastest in the Western Pacific; tropical cyclones there are the strongest

Ocean Acidification impacts on coral reefs:20% of coral reefs are already lost 25% are under high threat (WRI)

Decline in oxygen in the ocean:• due to mainly two anthropogenic

stressors: CO2-induced warming and increasing nutrient loads resulting from human activities

• > 600 dead zones

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IOC Tsunami Warning Systems

1965 - Pacific2005 - Indian Ocean

CaribbeanNE Atlantic & Mediterranean

DG visiting Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (Hawaii, September 2016)

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Freshwater

International Hydrological Programme (IHP)

Groundwater Multi-disciplinary assessment of groundwater resources in the

Caribbean, Africa and Pacific region (33 Member States - out of which 12 in the Pacific).

Pacific Partner: Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). Results: 75% of Pacific islands are at risk of water stress. Publication on the potential impacts of climate change on

groundwater resources on SIDS , released at COP21. Data currently being uploaded to UNESCO Water Information

Network System (IHP-WINS)

Integrated Freshwater Management International Initiative on Water Quality (IIWQ) Regional

Consultation on Water Quality in the Pacific SIDS

2017: Scoping of hydrology needs and priorities for Pacific SIDS to develop a programme for IHP in the Pacific from 2018

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Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme

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The Pacific MAB Network (PacMAB): Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Kiribati, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Tonga, Member of the World Network of Island and Coastal Biosphere Reserves (WNICBR)

Three PacMAB Biosphere Reserves: Utwe and Atoll (FSM),Ngaremeduu (Palau)

Sites of Excellences for Sustainable Development in Action

Driver for regional economic green/blue development

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Natural Sciences for the 2030 Agenda

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Harnessing STI and knowledge for sustainable development Develop and monitor inclusive STI policy and knowledge systems

Increase capacity to produce, disseminate and apply STI

Increase capacity of LINKS and SIDS

Advancing science for sustainable management of natural resources, disaster risk reduction and climate change resilience IHP - water security challenges

IGGP & DRR - natural resources

MAB - natural resources, biodiversity, climate change resilience

UNESCO-designated sites as learning sites for sustainable

development

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UNESCO STI Policy Response Package

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GO->SPIN ON-LINE

PLATFORM

Evidence Base

UNESCO GO-SPIN COUNTRY PROFILES

Support to the STI Policy cycle

Capacity Building

Awareness Raising

UIS STATISTICS

SURVEY

UNESCO GO-SPINSURVEY

STI POLICY DRAFTING

AND REVIEW

STI POLICY

IMPLEMENTATION

•POLICY MAKERS

•UNIVERSITIES•SCIENCE

DIPLOMACY•SCIENCE

ADVICE

•MULTI-STAKEHOLDER

FORUMS•GENDER IN

SCIENCE PROGRAMMES•SCIENCE

COMMUNICATION

•INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE DAYS

UIS STI

DATABASE

UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

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UNESCO GO->SPIN Country Profiles

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In-depth country analysis of STI policies, governance and performance;

R&D and innovation indicators Inventory of:o STI institutions;o STI legal framework, o International STI agreements,o STI operational policy instruments

Multi sectoral Approach Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and

Threats (SWOT) of the STI system.

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UNESCO Science Report

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Global analysis of STI trends, in terms of capacities and efforts;

Regional and country analysis allows for policy benchmarking;

Focus on thematic priorities (Gender, IKS); Good STI policy practices presented and

analysed; Data/information provided by UNESCO

Institute for Statistics (UIS), GO-SPIN, OECD, World Bank, etc.

http://en.unesco.org/unesco_science_report

Monitoring STI

Policies:

UNESCO SCIENCE

REPORT

Towards 2030

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Global growth in R&D expenditure driven by

a few countries

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G20: World shares of GDP, GERD, researchers and publications, 2009 and 2013 (%)

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Gender equality still a challenge

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Figure 3.1: Regional shares of female researchers, 2013 (%)

Figure 3.2: The leaky pipeline: share of women in higher education and research, 2013 (%)

Although women have by and large reached parity in higher education, their share falls as one moves from education to research and plummets as one approaches the commanding heights of STI governance

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Scientific publications in Pacific SIDS

0

20

40

60

80

100

1202008

2014

Source of all publication data: UNESCO Science Report (2015), data from Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded, data treatment by Science-Metrix

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Scientific publications per million

inhabitants: Pacific SIDS, 2014

Source: UNESCO Science Report (2015), data from Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded, data treatment by Science-Metrix

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Fiji

Kiribati

Marshall Islands

Micronesia

Papua New Guinea

Samoa

Solomon Islands

Tonga

Vanuatu

78-100%

of articles with

international co-authors

across Pacific Island states

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Research priorities for Pacific SIDS:

renewable energy

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Tokelau first to generate 100% of electricity using renewable sources;

As of 2015: Vanuatu (15% renewable), Samoa (37%), Fiji (60%), Papua New Guinea (66%)

Renewable Energy in Pacific Island Countries Developing Skills and Capacity programme(EPIC)

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Research priorities for Pacific SIDS:

resilience to climate change

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• Secretariat of the Pacific Community for Climate Change, Fisheries and Agriculture

• Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change (2009)

• Secretariat of the Pacific Region Environmental Programme

• Adapting to Climate Change and Sustainable Energy programme

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Strong ICT growth in some Pacific Islands

Access to internet and mobile phone technologies on the rise in Fiji, Fed States of Micronesia, Tonga and Tuvalu

Population with internet and mobile phone accessin Oceania, 2013

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Specialized regional bodies established for

Pacific Island states

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)UNESCO Science Report 2010 pinpointed lack of national and regionalframeworks as stumbling block for developing integrated STI agendas.

Since, establishment of, inter alia:

• Secretariat of the Pacific Community for climate change, fisheries and agriculture;

• Pacific Forum Secretariat for transport and telecommunications

• Secretariat of the Pacific Region Environmental Programme

• Open issue: specific mandate for S&T policy.

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STI policy framework for Pacific SIDS:

regional activities

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• Pacific-Europe Network for STI (PACE-Net Plus)

o 1) climate action, resource efficiency and raw materials;

o 2) food security, sustainable agriculture, marine and maritime research, bio-economy;

o 3) health, demographic change and well-being.

• Pacific Islands University Research Network set up by PACE-Net

o Recommendations for the development of a regional S&T policy network.

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Science, Policy for the Pacific SIDS

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Small Islands but Big Ocean States

Unique biodiversity (high degree of endemism of many species)

Rich cultural identity and diversity

Exposed to global environmental challenges and external economic

shocks

Climate change impacts: Loss of lives, biodiversity, territory, livelihoods

Limited land resources + freshwater scarcity

Pressure on the restricted human and Institutional resources to

implement, produce data and monitor global frameworks

Urgency and critical mass

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Science, Policy for the Pacific SIDS

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Invest in comprehensive, flexible institutional and policy frameworks that

are informed by both science and local and indigenous knowledge

Create a policy environment responding to relevant issues for the Pacific

SIDS, building resilience to climate and natural disaster risks, developing

sustainable economic outlook

Science Policy Monitoring and Assessment, Science for Monitoring and

Assessment (Climate Change, Natural Hazards)

Critical Mass, regional approaches, international cooperation with local

relevance

Promote STI for adaptation and mitigation, education, public awareness

and communication towards resilience

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….an Opportunity?

STI enabler and driver for the SDGs

Society, Economy, Environment

One size does NOT fit all

Interconnectedness and Multi Stakeholder

Change or Transformation

Sciences, LINKS, Citizens’ Engagement

Patience, Respect, Humbleness, Humor

URGENCY

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SDG 17 Partnerships…INGSA/ICSU!

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Flavia Schlegel and SC Team

Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO

First Science Dialogue for the Pacific, UNESCO/INGSA 29.3.2017

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Faafitai Lava, Samoa!

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Sustainable Development Goals and Science:

An Opportunity….

to be seized!

NATURAL SCIENCES

Flavia Schlegel,

Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO

First Science Dialogue for the Pacific, UNESCO/INGSA 29.3.2017

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