supply chain 2 Group

7/23/2019 supply chain 2 Group

1/25

FLK 0018 ]p~~cu Mobej bjh Ckae}xem} Lbjba`l`jx

Xbfc` ki Mkjx`jx

@`mpxey` ]pllbvu *****************************************************************************************************************6Ejxvkhpmxekj *****************************************************************************************************************************=Mkl~bju Ky`vye`q ******************************************************************************************************************8V`}`bvmo L`xokhkckau *************************************************************************************************************8]p~~cu Mobej Bphex ******************************************************************************************************************0

]p~~cu Mobej Kfg`mxey` *******************************************************************************************************0Bphex ki Mpvv`jx ]p~~cu Mobej *******************************************************************************************0

]p~~ce`v} **************************************************************************************************************************9He}xvefpxekj M`jxv` ***********************************************************************************************************1V`xbec`v} ****************************************************************************************************************************?Mp}xkl`v **************************************************************************************************************************?

Ejikvlbxekj Mkllpjembxekj Xkkc} p}`h bx Mkc`} @~v`}} *****************************************************5@c`mxvkjem Hbxb Ejx`vmobja` /@HE% **************************************************************************************5Qbvòkp}` Lbjba`l`jx ]u}x`l ************************************************************************************2>

VIEH ***********************************************************************************************************************************22Mp}xkl`v V`rpev`l`jx **********************************************************************************************************22

Kvh`v Qejjeja Mvex`veb *****************************************************************************************************26]xvbxàem Ye}ekj xkqbvh} El~vky`l`jx ki ]p~~cu Mobej ******************************************************2=

C`bj Ybcp` ]xv`bl *************************************************************************************************************28Gp}x ej Xel` ************************************************************************************************************************20]KC^ El~c`l`jxbxekj *******************************************************************************************************20

Ejxàvbxekj f`xq``j Cejd} ej xo` ]p~~cu Mobej *********************************************************************29Q`bd cejd} ej xo` ]p~~cu Mobej *********************************************************************************************21V`rpev`h Bmxekj} *******************************************************************************************************************6>Mkjmcp}ekj ******************************************************************************************************************************66

Bmxekj ^cbj *****************************************************************************************************************************6=Vì`v`jm`} ******************************************************************************************************************************68

2


2/25


@`mpxey` ]pllbvuXo` mvex`veb kj qoemo heii`v`jx kvabjewbxekj} mkl~`x`# e} jkx ~vkiex kv xoèv

}bc`} fpx xoèv ]p~~cu Mobej Lbjba`l`jx* F`mbp}` xo` kvabjewbxekj} qexo b

}lkkxo bjh q`c c vpjjeja }p~~ cu mobej qec c }pv`cu oby` mkl~`xe xey`

bhybjxba` ky`v mkl~`xexkv}* Mkc`} @~v`}} e} b l`lf`v ki xo` Mkc`} Avkp~

bjh ob} b x e` p~ qexo ]o`cc Bp}xvbc eb ^xu Cxh ikv xo` ~`xvkc`pl ~vkhpmx}

fèja xvbh`h bx Mkc`} @~v`}} }ex` }* Xo ` ]p~~cu Mobej ]xvpmxpv` ki Mkc`}

@~v`}} e} yb}x b} xoù xvbh` ej ip`c ~vkhpmx} bjh bc}k xo` }xkv`} h`bc} ejxk

ybvekp} mkjy`je`jm` ex`l}* Xo` ]p~~cu Mobej }xvpmxpv` e} }mvpxejew`h pjh`v

ybvekp} lkh`c} bjh bj bphex mkjhpmx`h ki xoèv mpvv`jx }xvpmxpv` }okq} xo`

~`vikvlbjm` c`y`c ki xoèv mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej bjh }kl` ki xo ` q`bd cejd}

xobx bv` oejh`veja xoè v ]p~~cu Mobej i vkl ipjmxekjeja k~xelbc cu bv`

eh`jxei e`h* Xo` mpvv`jx ]p~~cu Mobej }xvpmxpv` e} qkvdeja q`cc ikv Mkc`}

@~v`}} fpx xoù j``h xk xbd` } x`~} ej }kl` ki xo` bv`b} ej xo` mpvv`jx

}xvpmxpv` }k b} xk abej k~xelpl pxecewbxekj ivkl bcc xo` bybecbfc` v`}kpvm`}

bjh abej b mkl~`xexey` bhybjxba` ky`v xoèv mkl~`xexkv}* Mkc`} @~v`}} ob}

v`bc ew`h xo` ibmx xobx lbjbaeja xoè v ]p~~cu Mobej ~vk~`v cu mbj ~ cbu b

lbgkv vkc` ej abejeja bj p~~`v objh ej xo` mkl~`xe x ekj xoù bv` mpvv`jxcu

ibmeja ej xo` lbvd`x

6


3/25


Ejxvkhpmxekj]p~~cu Mobej Lbjba`l`jx e} kf}`vy`h ~ vkhpmxey`cu ei xo` ~vkhpmx}+}`vyem`}

bv` h`cey`v`h ej xo` v eaox rpbjxe xu# xk xo` v eaox ckmbxekj# bx xo` v eaox x el`#

bjh bx xo` lejelbc mk}x /Mcbvd}xkj 6>>>%* Xkhbu} b} q`cc b} ipxpv` }pmm`}}

ej fp}ej`}} bmxeyexu av`bxcu h`~`jh} kj }`vyeja xo` veaox mp}xkl`v}# iejheja

xo` veaox }p~~ce`v} bjh jpvxpveja xvp}x f`xq``j ybvekp} ~bvxe`} ejykcy`h ej

xo` fp}ej`}} bmxeyexu* Xk bmmkl~ce}o xo`}` kfg`mxey`}# ex e} mvpmebc ikv xo`

kvabjewbxekj} xk ybcp` xo` mkjm`~x ki }p~~cu mobej lbjba`l`jx /]bobu

6>>>%* Xo` `}}`jm` ki }p~~cu mobej e} xk h`y`ck~ b }p}xbejbfc` mkl~`xexey`

bhybjxba` fu v`hpmeja ejy`}xl`jx qexokpx }bmveiemeja mp}xkl`v }bxe}ibmxekj

/C`` bjh Feccejaxkj 2556%* Xkhbu# qexo xo` ejmv`b}`h p}` ki j`q `c`mxvkjem

l`xokh} bjh xkkc} bjh qe xo xo` bhy`jx ki ejx`avbx`h }p~~cu mobej} # xo`

`jyevkjl`jx ej qoemo xo` kvabjewbx ekj} mbv vu fp} ej`}} ob} mobja`h

hvb}xembccu* Xo` }obveja bjh he}xv efpxekj ki ejikvlbxekj xovkpaokpx xo`

}p~~cu mobej ob} jkq f`mkl` `b}u hp` xk xo` bmxeye xe`} c ed` ~cbjjeja bjh

ikv`mb}xeja* Xo`}` bmxeyexe`} oby` bc}k o`c~`h ej v`hpmeja xo` ve}d} ejykcy`h

ej el~c`l`jxeja bj bmxekj ~cbj /Mb}}eye 6>>9%* Xop}# ]ML e} bj el~kvxbjx

mkjm`~x qoe mo b cc kq} xo` k vabj ewbx ekj x k pjh`v }x bjh e x} y`v u kqj

mkl~`xexey`j`}}*

Ieapv` 27 ^ou}embc Ickq ki akkh} ej b ]p~~cu Mobej

=


4/25


Mkl~bju Ky`vye`qXo`v` bv` lbju mkl~bje`} ej Bp}xvbceb h`bceja ej ]`vyem` ]xbxekj Ejhp}xvu*

Mkc`} @~v`}} e} kj` ki xo` c`bheja ~cbu`v} ej xo` fp}ej`}} qexo bvkpjh 9>>

kpxc`x} xovkpaokpx Bp}xvbc eb* @pv`db K~`vbxekj} ^xu Cxh* kqj} xo` fvbjh

Mkc`} @~v`}} bjh e x e} b 2>> }pf}ehebvu ki Mkc`} Avkp~ Cxh* Mkc`}

@~v`}} qkvd} pjh`v b x e` p~ qe xo ]o`c c Bp}x vbc eb ^xu Cxh ej kvh`v xk

~vk yeh` ip`c xk ex} mp}xkl`v} bjh xoù ~vkyeh` ybve kp} mkjy`je`jm`

~vk hpmx} xk xo` mp}xkl`v} ced` meabv`xx`}# hvejd}# fv`bh# lecd# fb}em

avkm`ve`}# lbabwej`} bjh kxo`v a`j`vbc l`vmobjhe}` lbdeja xoèv }p~~cu

mobej b xqk qbu }p~~cu mobej kj` qkvdeja ikv xo` ip`c} xoù ~vkyeh` bjh

}`mkjh ikv xo` mkjy`je`jm` ex`l} xoù }`cc xk xoèv mp}xkl`v}*

Mkc`} @~v`}} # qe xo bvkpjh 9>> }`vyem` } xbxekj} xovkpaokpx Bp}xvbc eb #

`jgku`h b xpvjky`v ki (92?1 leccekj ej 6>>9/Mkc`} Lu`v 6>>9%* Bcc ki xo`

kpxc`x} ~vkyeh` mkjy`je`jm` ex`l} bckja qexo ip`c xk ex} mp}xkl`v}* ]kl` ki

xo`l bc}k oby` bhh,kj xk xoèv }`vyem`} ced` Mbv Qb}o# BXL ibmecexu# Mexu

Cejd bjh Fecc ~bul`jx} bx Xkpmo ]mv``j dek}d# `xm*

V`}`bvmo L`xokhkckauLbgkvexu ki xo` lbx`vebc mky`v`h ej xo` v`~kvx e} h`vey`h fu }~`bdeja xk

~`k~c` hev`mxcu v`cbx`h xk xo ` }p~~cu mobej ki Mkc`} @~v`}}* Bj Ky`v ye`q

ki xoèv mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej bx Mkc`} `~v`}} e} pjh`v}xkkh fu }~`bdeja

qexo Jehoe Lbak# K~`vbxekjbc Lbjba`v bx Mkc`} @~v`}}# L`jxkj`* ]kl`

l`xokh} p}`h xk kfxbej ejikvlbxekj q`v` ejx`vye`q} bjh kvabje}bxekj}

q`f}ex`}* Bc}k q` q`v` ej mkjxejpkp} hebckap` ky`v x`c`~okj` qexo c ej`

lbjba`v} bjh kxo`v kiiem`v} ki Mkc`} `~v`}}* Q` oby` lbh` bj bxx`l~x ej

pjh`v}xbjheja xo` }p~~cu mobej ki Mkc`} @~v`}}# eh`jxeiueja xo` ~vkfc`l}

xobx lbu f` oejh`veja }kl` ki e x} } xvbxàem kfg`mxey`} bjh bmmkvhejacu bj

ìikvx ob} f``j lbh` xk ~vkyeh` }kl` v`mkll`jhbxekj} kj xo` fb}e} ki kpv

iejheja}*

8


5/25


]p~~cu Mobej Bphex

]p~~cu Mobej Kfg`mxey`

Xo` mp}xkl`v} bcqbu} v`lbej ki ~vel` el~kvxbjm` ikv Mkc`} `~v`}} bjh ex

qecc mkjxejp` ejy`}xeja ej ~vkhpmx} xobx o`c~ xo`l el~vky` xoèv mp}xkl`v}bx e}ibmxekj* Xo` fp}ej`}} kfg`mxey`} }`x fu M@K ki xo` mkl~bju bv` b}

ikcckq}

B qeh` vbja` ki ~vkhpmx} xobx bv` akkh ybcp` bjh akkh rpbc e xu#

ejmcpheja Bp}xvbceb} f`}x okp}` fvbjh vbja`}*

B mkj}xbjx ikmp} kj el~vkyeja }`vyem` bjh ~vkhpmx bybecbfecexu*

Bj kjakeja ~vkavbl ki }xkv` k~`jeja} bjh vìpvfe}ol`jx}# `j}pveja

kpv }xkv`} bv` lkh`vj# `b}u xk }ok~ ej bjh mck}` xk qo`v` ~`k~c` cey`

bjh qkvd /Mkc`} Lu`v 6>>9%*

Bphex ki Mpvv`jx ]p~~cu Mobej

Mkc`} Avkp~ ob} }`y`vbc l`lf`v} pjh`v kj` plfv`ccb bjh `bmo ob} xoèv

kqj pjerp` }p~~cu mobej* Xo` }xvpmxpv` ki Mkc`} @~v`}} ]p~~cu Mobej b}

pjh`v}xkkh fu xbcdeja xk k~`vbxekjbc lbjba`v} bx }kl` fvbjmo`} ki Mkc`}

@~v`}} fveja} ikvqbvh xo` ikcckqeja }p~~cu mobej }xvpmxpv` bx* Iea 6 hvbq}b ~emxpv` ki mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej }xvpmxpv` bx Mkc`} @~v`}}

Lbjpibmxpv`v}

]p~~ce v}

Qokc }bc v}

Mkc } @~v`}}

He}xvefpxekj

M`jxv /YEM%

V xbec v

M@ /Lbcy`vj%

V xbec v

M@ /L`jxkj`%

V xbec v

M@ /Vemolkjh%

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Kvh`v} bv ~cbm`h xk

]p~~ce v} ikv M@ Q``dcuV`rpev l`jx}

Bcc xo HM } oby

Mkjxvbmx h @ ,iecc xkBvvbja ikv xvbj}~kvxbxekj

Ki q``dcu ckae}xem}

Ckae}xem} bv xo`j f eja

H cey`v`h xk ]xkv`}bx heii v`jx Ckmbxekj}

Iea 67 Ickq ki akkh} ej xo ]p~~cu Mobej ki Mkc } @~v`}}

Lbjpibmxpv`v}

]p~~ce v}

Qokc }bc v}

Mkc } @~v`}}

He}xvefpxekj

M`jxv /YEM%

V xbec v

M@ /Lbcy`vj%

V xbec v

M@ /L`jxkj`%

V xbec v

M@ /Vemolkjh%

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v

Kvh`v} bv ~cbm`h xk

]p~~ce v} ikv M@ Q``dcuV`rpev l`jx}

Bcc xo HM } oby

Mkjxvbmx h @ ,iecc xkBvvbja ikv xvbj}~kvxbxekj

Ki q``dcu ckae}xem}

Ckae}xem} bv xo`j f eja

H cey`v`h xk ]xkv`}bx heii v`jx Ckmbxekj}

Iea 67 Ickq ki akkh} ej xo ]p~~cu Mobej ki Mkc } @~v`}}

0


6/25


Mkc`} @~v`}} }xkv`} ckmbx`h bx heii`v`jx ckmbxekj} ikvqbvh} xoèv q``dcu

v`rpev`l`jx} ki akkh} xk xo` He} xv efpx ekj M`jxv`} ckmbx`h bx he ii`v`jx

ckmbx ekj}* Xo` He} x vefpx ekj M`jxv` xo`j ikvqbvh} xo` kvh`v} xk ybvekp}

}p~~c e`v} bjh lbjpibmxpv`v} * Xo`j xo` kvh`v`h akkh} bv` }p~~ce`h fu

}p~~ce`v} bjh lbjpibmxpv`v} xk xo` he}xv efpxekj m`jxv`* Xoù bvvbja` xo`

xvbj}~kvxbxekj ki `bmo }xkv`} v`rpev`l`jx qexo o`c~ ki @,Iecc Bp}xvbceb# xo`

mkjxvbmxkv} ikv h`cey`vu ki xo` q``dcu ckae}x em} xk Mkc`} @~v`}} ]xkv`}*

Mkc`} @~v`}} ]xkv`} v `mèy`} xo` ev kvh`v`h akkh} q``dcu i vkl xo`

he}xvefpxekj m`jxv` bjh }kl` ki xo` ~`ve}obfc` bjh kxo`v akkh} bv` hev`mxcu

}p~~ce`h xk xo` ]xkv`} ivkl xo` }p~~ce`v}* B fveì `~cbjbxekj ki `bmo cejd

ki xoèv mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej e} b} ikcckq}*

]p~~ce`v}

]p~~c e`v} kv Lbjpibmxpv`v} bv` kj` ki ejex ebc c ejd} ikv Mkc`} @~v`}}

]p~~cu Mobej* Mkc`} @~v`}} ob} b jplf`v ki }p~~ce`v }p~~cueja akkh}*

Hei i`v`jx }p~~ce`v} }p~~cu hv ejd}# moe~} # meabv`x x`} # `xm* B lbgkv exu ki

}p~~c e`v ej mb}` ki Mkc`} `~v`}} bv` kv eaejbc lbjpibmxpv`} * B} Mkc`}

@~v`}} v`rpev`l`jx vbja` ej fea jplf`v}# xoù mbj `celejbx` }kl` cejd} ej

xo` }p~~cu mobej hev`mxcu mkjxvbmxeja xo` lbjpibmxpv`v} kv iev}x qokc`}bc`v}

ej }p~~cu mobej# lbdeja ex b c`}} mkl~c` bjh lkv` mk}x ìi`mxey` ~vkm`}}*

]p~~ce`v} v`mèy` q``dcu kvh`v} ivkl Mkc`} @~v`}} He}xv efpxekj m`jxv`#

qoemo xoù }p~~cu xk xo` he}xvefpxekj m`jx`v}*

Ej mb}` ki ^`ve}obfc` akkh} ced` lecd ~vkhpmx}# gpem`} }p~~ce`v} bv` hev`mxcu

mkjxbmx`h fu xo` ]xkv` e x}`c i ` celejbxeja xo` He} xv efpx ekj M`jxv` ej

f`xq``j* ]pmo }p~~ce`v v`mèy`} xo` kvh`v} fu ib ivkl `bmo ki xo` }xkv`*

Celexbxekj}7 Kj` c elexbx ekj xobx lbju ki Mkc`} @~v`}} }p~~ce`v} ibm` e}

cbmd ki ~vk~`v ejikvlbxekj }u}x`l}* Jkx bcc xo` }p~~ce`v} oby` ejikvlbxekj}u}x`l bjh }p~~kvx ikv h`bceja qexo v`rpev`l`jx} ki mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej*

Xoù cbmd xo` ejivb}xvpmxpv` bjh ex e} oejh`veja xoèv avkqxo*

9


7/25


He}xvefpxekj M`jxv`

Mkc`} @~v`}} ob} xoèv He}xvefpxekj M`jx`v} ckmbx`h ej bcc xo` }xbx`}* Xo`

kvh`v} ~cbm`h fu xo` }xkv`} bv` fèja ikvqbvh`h xk bc c xo` }p~~ce`v} bjh

qo`j }pmo akkh} bv` v`mèy`h ivkl xo` }p~~ce`v}# xoù bv` fèja }xkv`h bx

xo` qbvòkp}`} kqj`h fu xo` he}x vefpx ekj m`jxv`} # bv vbja`h kj ~bcbx`}

bmmkvheja xk xo` }xkv` v`rpev`l`jx# ~bmd`h bjh }`jx kii* He}xvefpxekj m`jxv`

k i Mk c`} @~ v`}} o b} m kj xvb mx`h @, Ie cc Bp }xvb ceb # qo k xb d`} xo `

v`}~kj}efecexu ki bvvbja` xo` he}xvefpxekj ki akkh} xk ejheyehpbc }xkv`}* @,

Iecc Bp}xvbceb mkcc`mx} xo` ckae}xem} kvh`v} ivkl Mkc`} @~v`}} He}xvefpxekj

m`jxv` bjh bvvbja`} xo` ckae} xe m} xk f` h`c ey`v`h xk `bmo } xkv` * Xo`

He}xvefpxekj m`jxv` ~cbu} b y`vu el~kvxbjx vkc` ej mpvv`jx ]p~~cu Mobej b} ex

bvvbja`} bcc xo` akkh} xk f` xvbj}~kvx`h ivkl }p~~ce`v} xk v`xbec`v}* Fpx ex

mbjjkx f` }beh xobx ex e} obyeja jk xvkpfc` ej lbjbaeja xo` ickq ki akkh} ej

xo` }p~~cu mobej

Celexbxekj}7 Kj` celexbxekj ibm`h fu he}xvefpxkv m`jxv` e} xobx ki jpl`vkp}

}p~~ce`v} }p~~cueja akkh}* Ex e} y`vu kfyekp} xobx jbxpv` ki Mkc`} @~v`}}

Fp}ej`}} v`rpev`} bmrpe}e x ekj} ki akkh} i vkl ybvekp} }p~~ce`v} * U`x e x

mv`bx`} heiiempcxe`} ikv xo` He}xvefpxekj m`jxv` xk qbex ikv bcc xo` }p~~ce`v}

h`cey`ve`} fìkv` xoù mbj }xbvx he}~bxmoeja akkh} xk xo` }xkv`}* ]kl`xel`}

ei xo` }p~~ce`v h`cbu} ej }p~~cueja akkh} kj xel`# xo` h`cey`ve`} oby` xk f`

}`jx qexokpx xok}` akkh}# gp}x xk lbd` }pv` v`}x ki xo` akkh} bv` }p~~ce`h

kj x el`* Obyeja kj` } ejac` }p~~c e`v xk ipc ie cc b cc xo` v `rpe v`l`jx} e }

hìejex`cu akeja xk o`c~ xo` He}xv efpxekj M`jxv` ipjmxekj f`xx`v xobj xo`

mpvv`jx }xbx`*

1


8/25


V`xbec`v}

V`xbec`v} ej xo` Mkc`} @~v`}} ]p~~cu Mobej bv` jkj` kxo`v fpx xo` Mkc`}

@~v`}} ]xkv`} xo`l}`cy`}* Xoù ~cbu b yexbc vkc` ej xo` }p~~cu mobej b} ex

e} xo` mp}xkl`v mkjxbmx ~kejx qexo xo` mkl~bju* Xoù bv` xo` fb}` ki `jxev`

}p~~cu mobej b} xo`v` qe c c f` jk ]p~~cu Mobej e i xo`v` bv` jk }bc`} xk

mp}xkl`v* @bmo }xkv` ob} b heii`v`jx ~vkiec` ki mce`jx`c`# fb}`h kj qoemo ex

h`x`vlej`} qoemo ~vkhpmx} xoù qkpch ced` xk he}~cbu ikv }bc` ej xoèv }xkv`*

Xo`}` kvh`v } b v` b c}k bmmkl~bje`h fu }bc`} ikv`mb} x lbh` i vkl ~b} x

`~`ve`jm`}* @bmo }xkv` lbjba`v ikvqbvh xoèv v`rpev`l`jx q``dcu fb}`h kj

xoèv v `rpe v`l`jx bjh xob x } okq xo` }p~~cu mobej a`x } } xb vx `h * Xo`

ejikvlbxekj ickq} p~}xv`bl xk he}xvefpxekj m`jxv` bjh xo`j xk }p~~ce`v} bjh

xo`j xo` kvh`v`h akkh} ak xovkpao xo` }p~~cu mobej }xvpmxpv` xk v`bmo xo`

}xkv`}*

Celexbxekj}7 ]kl` c elexbx ekj} xobx xo` v`xbe c`v} ibm` bv` ~kkv ikv`mb}xeja

bjh ~kkv ~ vkhpmx }`c`m xekj * Xo` l`xokh} ki ikv`mb} xeja bv` jkx y`vu

bmmpvbx` c`bheja xk `m`}} }xkmd cueja ej xo` qbvòkp}`* Bjh xo` ~vkhpmx

}`c`mxekj bx `bmo kpxc`x ki Mkc`} @~v`}} e} a`j`vbc bjh jkx bmmkvheja xk

}~`me ie m v `rpe v`l`jx ki Mp} xkl`v ej xob x b v`b# c `bheja xk i be cpv` ej

bmoe`yeja lbelpl }bc`}*

Mp}xkl`v

Mp}xkl`v ~cbu} xo` lk}x el~kvxbjx vkc` ej bju }p~~cu mobej f`mbp}` ex kjcu

~k}}efc` xk d``~ xo` }p~~cu mobej vp jjeja qo `j xo ` mp}xkl`v fpu} ~vkhpmx}*

Mkc`} @~v`}} mce`jx`c` fb}embccu mkj}e}x ki j`bvfu mkllpjexe`} bjh ~`k~c`

p}eja xo` oeaoqbu} kv vkbh} kj qoemo Mkc`} @~v`}} }xkv`} bv` ckmbx`h#

qe}oeja xk }xk~ bjh i e c c xoèv xbjd bjh fpu }kl` mkjy`je`jm` ~vkhpmx} kj

xoèv qbu fbmd okl`* Mp}xkl`v v`rpev`l`jx} e} xo` iev}x cejd ki ejikvlbxekj

ickq ej xo` }p~~cu mobej bjh Mp}xkl`v ex}`ci e} xo` cb}x cejd ki xo` ~ou}embc

ickq ki ~vkhpmx* Lbdeja mp}xkl`v} bj el~kvxbjx cejd ej xo` ]p~~cu Mobej

?


9/25


Ejikvlbxekj Mkllpjembxekj Xkkc} p}`h bx Mkc`} @~v`}}Mkc`} @~v`}} hìej`} Ejikvlbxekj Mkllpjembxekj ej x`vl} ki bhybjxba`}

v`mèy`h bix`v v`hpmeja xo` mk}x b}}kmebx`h qexo }pmo ejikvlbxekj xkkc} *

E ji kv lb xe kj Mkllpje mb xe kj x `mojkc ka e`} e l~ vky`} } p~ ~c u mob ej

~`vikvlbjm` fu v`hpmeja ejy`jxkvu mk}x bjh lbejxbejeja ~vk~`v c`y`c} ki

} xkmd qoec` lbjpbc kvh`v} mbj f` }pfg`mx xk oplbj `vvkv * Mkc`} @~v`}}

p}`} ybvekp} Ejikvlbxekj Mkllpjembxekj xkkc} xovkpaokpx ex} }p~~cu mobej

j`xqkvd* Ex o`c~} fu ~vkyeheja xo`l qexo f`xx`v h`me}ekj lbdeja fb}`h kj

x`mojkckau bjh lbdeja xoèv }p~~cu mobej lkv` ìieme`jx*

@c`mxvkjem Hbxb Ejx`vmobja` /@HE%

@c`mxvkjem Hbxb Ejx`vmobja` mbj f` pjh`v}xkkh b} v`~cbm`l`jx ki ~b~`v

fb}`h }u}x`l qe xo xo ` `c`mxvkjem ikvl ki kvh`veja p}eja ybvekp} mkl~px`v

b~~cembxekj}* @HE }p~~kvx} } xvpmxpv`h fp}ej`}} l`}}ba`} bjh xvbj}lex}

xo`l `c`mx vkjembccu f`xq``j mkl~px`v b~~c embxekj} /Mcbvd` 255?% * Xo`

kfg`mxey` ikv p}eja @c`mxvkjem hbxb xvbj}i`v e} xk el~vky` xo` ]p~~cu Mobej

Ipjmx ekjbc exu qexo o`c~ ki mkl~px`v b~~c embxekj} * Xo`v` mbj f` }kl`

le}xbd`} qoec` kvh`veja hbxb lbjpbccu hp` xk el~vk~`v }xkmd xbd` kv kxo`v

ibmxkv}# fpx qo`j xo` kvh`v ~cbm`l`jx e} hkj` `c`mxvkjembccu mobjm`} ki bjuicbq} ej kvh`v} v`hpm`}* O`jm` @c`mxvkjem Hbxb Ejx`vmobja` o`c~} kvh`veja

xo` v eaox rpbjxe xu ki akkh} bjh lbdeja }pv` xo` blkpjx ki } xkmd e }

k~xelpl# jkx lkv` kv c`}} xo`j v`rpev`h* Ej Mkc`} @~v`}} @HE e} p}`h xk

ikv kvh`v} fpx xoù bv` bc}k ~cbm`h lbjpbccu* ]kl` ki xoèv }p~~ce`v} bv`

}x e c c p}eja ~b~`v fb}`h }u}x`l bjh hkjx oby` `c`mxvkjem l`xokh} xk p}`

lkh`vj l`xokh} /Mkc`} Lu`v 6>>9%* Ieapv` = f`ckq `~cbej} hbxb xvbj}i`v

ej @HE b} `~cbej`h kj Mkc`} Q`f}ex`*

5


10/25


Iea =7 Hbxb xvbj}i`v f`xq``j b~~cembxekj} ej bj @HE

/Mkc`} Lu`v 6>>9%

Qbvòkp}` Lbjba`l`jx ]u}x`l

Qbvòkp}` Lbjba`l`jx }u}x`l e} p}`h xk mkjxvkc ki lky`l`jx bjh }xkvba`

ki akkh} qexoej b qbvòkp}` bjh v`mkvh xo` b}}kmebx`h xvbj}bmxekj}* Mkc`}

@~v`}} p}`} qbvòkp}` lbjba`l`jx }u}x`l h`} eaj`h ~bvx empcbv cu ikv

}p~~kvxeja xoèv he}xvefpxekj j`xqkvd* Xoù ~cbj xk abej oeao ìieme`jmu ej

xo` k~`vbxekj} kj xo` fb}e} ki }pmo Qbvòkp}` Lbjba`l`jx }u}x`l* Mkc`}

@~v`}} p}`} Fbvmkh` ]mbjjeja x`mojkckau ikv xo` `jxev` ~vkhpmx avkp~ bx

Mkc`} @~v`}}4 o`jm` ex e} lpmo `b}e`v ikv xo`l xk k~`vbx` xoèv k~`vbxekj}

ìieme`jxcu* Xvbmdeja bjh x vbj}~kvxbxekj ki akkh} f`mkl`} lpmo `b}e`v

pjh`v x o` Qbvòkp} ` Lbjba`l`jx ]u} x`l* Bjh xo` }p~~ cu mobe j

ipjmxekjbce xu f`mkl`} lpmo }lkkxo`v hp` xk ibmx xo` xvbmdeja ki akkh}

pjh`v Qbvòkp}` Lbjba`l`jx ]u} x`l qec c jkx x bd` lkv` xobj b i `q

}`mkjh}*

2>


11/25


VIEH

Xo` p}` ki VIEH x`mojkckae`} ob} }xbvx`h ej }p~~cu mobej j`xqkvd} bjh e x

hìejex`cu mbj v`ykcpxekjew` xo` }p~~cu mobej* Fu bpxklbxembccu xvbmdeja xo`

lky`l`jx ki akkh ej xo` }p~~cu mobej# e x qe cc o`c~ v`hpmeja mk} x bjh

mkl~cèxu bjh ejmv`b}eja ìieme`jmu* Mkc`} Avkp~ Cxh* ob} ~bvxj`v`h qexo

]pj Lemvk}u}x`l} ikv b xv ebc el~c`l`jx Vbhek Iv`rp`jmu Eh`jxeiembxekj

/VIEH% ikv xoèv v`xbec ejhp}xvu* Xo` xvebc e} bel`h bx xvbmdeja xo` ckmbxekj

ki akkh} ej xo` ]p~~cu Mobej* ^`x`v Lboc`v # Moeì Ejikvlbxekj Kiiem`v bx

Mkc`} Avkp~ Cxh# mkj}eh`v} VIEH xk f` mpxx eja `ha` x`mojkckau* Bjh xo`

x ve bc el~c`l`jxbx ekj qb} b el`h b x x `} xeja qo`xo`v e x mbj v`hpm` xo`

mkl~cèxu ki xoèv fp}u }p~~cu mobej bjh o`c~ xo`l ~vkyeh` }el~c`v bjh

mo`b~`v }`vyem`} xk xoèv mp}xkl`v /]pj Lemvk}u}x`l} 6>>8%*

Mp}xkl`v V`rpev`l`jxEj bju }p~~cu mobej# mp}xkl`v} bv` jkx kjcu `x`vjbc mp}xkl`v# fpx `y`vu

c ejd ej xo` mobej e} c ed` b mp} xkl`v * O`jm` e x e } el~kv xbjx xk } xphu xo`

v`rpe v`l`jx ki `y`vu c ejd ki }p~~cu mobej xk pjh`v}xbjh Mp} xkl`v

V`rpev`l`jx* Mp}xkl`v V`rpev`l`jx} }ob~` xo` }xvpmxpv` ki ]p~~cu Mobej*

Bju }p~~cu mobej qec c k~`vb x` ìi em e`jx cu kjcu qo`j xo` Mp} xkl`v

V`rpe v`l`jx b v` pjh`v}xkkh mkv v`mx cu * Ibmxkv} c ed` rpbce xu # ~ ve m` #

bybecbfecexu bjh ~vk~`v he}~cbu ki akkh} bv` `bl~c`} ki kvh`v qejj`v} ikv

xo` mp}xkl`v* ]xphu ki mp}xkl`v fpueja ~bxx`vj} mbj o`c~ fkk}x }bc`} ki bcc

k xo `v ~ vk hp mx} qexo i p`c e j Mk c`} @ ~v`}} }xk v`} c`b hej a ~v ki ex

lbelewbxekj*

22


12/25


Ej Mkc`} @~v`}} ]p~~cu Mobej heii`v`jx mp}xkl`v} bv`

Mkj}pl`v

Xo` mkj}pl`v e} xo` pcx elbx` mp}xkl`v ej bju }p~~cu mobej* Ej xoe} mb}`

j`bvfu ~k~pcbxekj bv` a`j`vbccu xo` mp}xkl`v} bx Mkc`} @~v`}} }xkv`}* Ex e}

el~kvxbjx xk pjh`v}xbjh xoèv v`rpev`l`jx} bjh `~`mxbxekj} ivkl xo` }xkv`}

ej kvh`v xk abej xoèv mkjieh`jm`* ^vem`}# rpbcexu# he}mkpjx}# v`cebfecexu bv`

}kl` ki xo` ibmxkv} xobx qkvd b} lkxeybxekjbc ibmxkv} ikv `jh mkj}pl`v*

V`xbec`v}

Xo` v`xbe c`v} ej xoe} }p~~cu mobej bv` Mkc`} @~v`}} } xkv`} ej hei i`v`jx

ckmbx ekj} * Xoù bv` mkj}eh`v`h b} mp} xkl`v ej xo` }p~~cu mobej b} xoù

~pvmob}` akkh} ej kvh`v xk }`cc ex xk mp}xkl`v* Bx xo ` xel` ki ~pvm ob}` xo `

} xkv`} ckkd bix `v ybv ekp} i bm xkv} ej kvh`v xk lejelew` xo` ev mk} x bjh

lbeleweja ~vkiex}* ]kl` ki xo` kvh`v qejjeja mvex`veb} ikv xo` v`xbec`v}

bv` ibmxkv} ced` rpbcexu# ~vkhpmx cei`# h`cey`vu }~``h*

He}xvefpxekj M`jxv`

Mkc`} He}xvefpxekj m`jxv` bv` ~pvmob}eja bcc xo` akkh} ivkl xo` }p~~ce`v} kj

fòbci ki }xkv`}* Xo ù qbjx xk lbd` }p v` xobx xoù ~vk mpv` bcc xo` akkh} bx

b ckq mk}x bjh kjcu k~xelpl c`y`c ki }xkmd e} ~vkmpv`h }k xobx pjj`m`}}bvu

ejy`jxkvu hk`} jkx fckmd fp}ej`}} mb~exbc * ]kl` ki xo` kvh`v qejj`v} ikv

He}xvefpxekj m`jxv` bv` v`cebfecexu# bybecbfecexu# h`cey`vu }~``h*

Mp}xkl`v v`rpev`l`jx} bjh `~`mxbxekj} mbjjkx f` a`j`vbc ew`h* Xoù

h`~`jh kj ~vkhpmx avkp~# xel`# ckmbcexu# mp}xkl`v mcb}} `xm* Mkc`} @~v`}}

e } ~ v` xxu lpmo }pmm`}} ip c ej v `b ce weja e x} mp} xkl`v v `rpe v`l`jx} fu

h`y`ck~ eja b h``~`v mp} xkl`v ej} eaox bjh fu el~c`l`jx eja }pe xbfc`

b~~vkbmo`}* Xo` lbjba`l`jx ki Mkc`} @~v`}} ob} aey`j ybcp` xk ~vem`#

rpbcexu# }`vyem`# ~vkhpmx bybecbfecexu v`rpev`l`jx} `xm bjh ob} bmmkvhejacu

h`}eaj`h xo` ~vkhpmx vbja`} bjh }`vyem`} ikv xoèv mp}xkl`v}*

Kvh`v Qejjeja Mvex`veb

Bj kvabjewbxekj e} }pmm`}}ipc ej qejjeja kvh`v} ivkl ex} mp}xkl`v} kj xo`

fb}e} ki ex} pjerp`j`}}# e *`*# okq heii`v`jx ex e} ivk l kxo`v kvabjewbxekj}# ej

26


13/25


}okvx kj e x} mkl~`xe xey`j`}} /]bhc`v 6>>1% * Xo` kpxmkl` x`jh} xk f`

~k}exey` ei xo` kvabjewbxekj e} fè ja mkl~ `xexe y`* Xo ` mp}xkl`v} h`m eh` xo `

} xkv` i vkl qoemo xoù qbjx xk ~pvmob}` xoè v ~vkhpmx} kj xo` fb} e} ki

m`vxbej mve x`v eb qoemo e} Kvh`v Qejjeja mve x`v eb* Xo`}` mve x`v eb} lbu f`

heii`v`jx ikv mp}xkl`v} bjh kvabjewbxekj}* O`jm`# xo`v` }okpch f` }kl`

mkl~`xe x ey` ikvm`} qoemo fbcbjm` xo`}` mve x`v eb} * B }x`bhu }bc`} avkqxo

lbu f` bmoe`y`h fu mkjy`vxeja xo` k~`vbxekjbc mb~bfecexe`} ejxk b fbcbjm`h

iex ki mvex`veb# qoemo kxo`vqe}` lbu v`}pcx ej b jàbxey` avkqxo ej }bc`}*

F`ckq bv` }kl` ki xo` mkl~`xexey` mvex`veb} h`ye}`h fu Mkc`} @~v`}} kj

qoemo xoù `~`mx xk qej kvh`v} ikv xoèv avkm`ve`}*

Mobej Qeh` ]xba`}

Mkl~`xexeyÌbmxkv}

B},e} Bel/V`mkll`jhbxekj%

]p~~ce`v HM Mkc`}@~v`}}

Mp}xkl`v

Bybecbfecexu 20 20 R R

Ip`c ^vem`} 20 20/v`hpm` xo`

~vem`%

R

Avkm`vu

^vem`}

2> 20 /v`hpm` xo`

~vem`%

R

He}mkpjx

ykpmo`v}

2> 2> R

V`cebfecexu 2> 2> R R RH`}eaj 2> 0 /v`hpmxekj% R

^vkhpmx Cei` 2> 2> R R

H`cey`vu }~``h 2> 2> R R

Rpbcexu 2> 2> R R

Xkxbc 2>> 2>>

]xvbxàem Ye}ekj xkqbvh} El~vky`l`jx ki ]p~~cu MobejEx e} el~kvxbjx ikv bju kvabjewbxekj xk ~`vekhembccu `ybcpbx` ex} }p~~cu mobej

}k b} xk el~c`l`jx mobja`} ej xoèv }p~~cu mobej }xvpmxpv` qo`v`y`v bjhqo`j`y`v v`rpev`h* Xo`}` mobja`} mbj xo`j v`}pcx ej ejmv`b}`h xvbh` ikv xo`

mkl~bju bjh o`jm`# ej lbeleweja xo` ~vkie x * Kjm` xo` ~`vikvlbjm` ki

mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej e} `ybcpbx`h# lbju heii`v`jx ~vejme~c`} mbj f` b~~ce`h

e j k vh `v xk abe j el~ vky `l`j x} e j xo ` mp vv`j x }p~ ~cu mo bej * ]k l`

2=


14/25


v`mkll`jh`h ~vejme~c`} ikv Mkc`} @~v`}} qoemo mbj o`c~ xo`l el~vky`

xoèv mpvv`jx ]p~~cu Mobej }xvpmxpv` bv`*

C`bj Ybcp` ]xv`bl

B c`bj ybcp` lkh`c bel} bx f`xx`v l``xeja mp}xkl`v h`lbjh} fpx fu p}eja

c`}} v`}kpvm`* C`bj Xoejdeja Lkh`c bel} bx h`}eajeja b ~vkhpmxekj }u}x`l

xobx qecc h`cey`v b mp}xkl ~vkhpmx qexoej jk xel` kj mp}xkl`v h`lbjh fpx

hk jkx okch bju pjj`m`}}bvu ejy`jxkvu ej f`xq``j ~vkm`}} /Okq`cc 2555%*

Xo` ~vejme~c`} kj qoemo C`bj Xoejdeja Lkh`c e} fb}`h bv`

Eh`jxeiembxekj ki ibmxkv} xobx bv` ybcp` xk xo` Mp}xkl`v

Bjbcu}e} ki xo` }x`~} ejykcy`h ej xo` mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej

Mv`bx eja b ~vkhpmx i ckq xovkpao bc c xo` ybcp` bhheja } x`~} ej xo`}p~~cu mobej

]p~~cu kjcu xok}` ~vkhpmx} qoemo bv` ^pcc`h fu xo` mp}xkl`v e *`*

qoemo bv` bmxpbc j``h} ki xo` mp}xkl`v# vbxo`v xobj ~p}oeja ~vkhpmx}

kjxk oel*

Bel ikv ~`vi`mxekj e} ieixo ~vejme~c` ki c`bj xoejdeja*

Ybcp` }xv`bl lb~~eja ejmcph`} `ybcpbxeja bcc xo` }x`~}# ybcp` bhheja bjh

qb}xìpc# ikv fvejaeja xo` ~vkhpmx xk `jh mp}xkl`v ivkl vbq lbx`vebc* Xo`

bel e} xk }xphu mumc` x el`# ~`k~c` bjh ck}}`}# e i bju ejykcy`h ej fvejaeja

xo` akkh} bjh }`vyem`} xk xo` `jh mp}xkl`v* Xo` C`bj Ybcp` ~v ejme~ c`

v`lky`} bcc xo` pjj`m`}}bvu qb}xìpc }x`~} ivkl xo` ]p~~cu Mobej ~vkyeh`h

bcc xo` ~vejme~c`} ki C`bj Xoejdeja lkh`c bv` }xvemxcu bho`v`h xk*

Ckkdeja b x xo` }p~~cu mobej ]xvpm xpv` ki Mkc`} @~v`}} e x e } }bi` xk

v`mkll`jh xobx }okpch ikcckq xo` C`bj Ybcp` ]xv`bl Lkh`c# qoemo qkpch

o`c~ xo`l v`hpm` pjj`m`}}bvu fckmdba` ki Mb~exbc ej ikvl ki cbva` c`y`c ki

}xkmd ej }xkv`vkkl bjh ~vkyeheja kjcu xok}` mkllkhexe`} xobx bv` bmxpbccu

v`rpev`h fu xo` mp}xkl`v*

28


15/25


Gp}x ej Xel`

Hp` xk ejmv`b}` ej mkl~`xe xekj i evl} bv` ikvm`h xk abej mkl~`xe xey`

bhybjxba` ky`v xo`v` mkl~`xe xkv} fu ~vkyeheja qeh` vbja` ki rpbc e xu

~vk hpmx} bx b mkl~`xexey` ~vem`* Gp }x ej Xe l` e} kj` }xvbxàu xo bx mbj o`c~

kvabjewbxekj xk a`x bj p~~`v objh ky`v xo`v` mkl~`xe xkv} fu v`hpmeja

pjj`m`}}bvu qb}xba` ki v`}kpvm`} fu `celejbxeja xel` ab~ ej ~vkmpv`l`jx

bjh }bc`} /Leb ) Qejbxb 6>>8%* ^v`me}` ikv`mb}x bv` bel`h qexo Gp}x ej

Xel` qexo b ye`q xk }xk~ pjj`m`}}bvu fckmdba` ki mb~exbc ej ikvl ki cbva`

}xkmd} bjh o`c~} ejmv`b}` v`xpvj kj ejy`}xl`jx* ]xkmd e} kvh`v`h kjcu qo`j

xoù ak f`ckq m`vxbej c`y`c* Ex o`c~} }by` mk}x bjh kvabjewbxekj} hkjx j``h

xk qkvvu bfkpx }~bm` ikv }xkveja cbva` }xkmd} ki akkh}* ]kl` ki xo` f`jìex}

ki Gp}x ej Xel` bv`

V`hpm`h }`x p~ xel`} ej xo` qbvòkp}` e} kf}`vy`h b} `l~cku``} hkjx oby` xk

}xkmd cbva` }xkmd}* ]lbcc rpbjxexu ki }xkmd} qecc xbd` c`}} xel` bjh ìikvx} ivkl xo`

`l~cku``}

B} kjcu v`rpev`h rpbjxexu e} kvh`v`h# Mkc`} hkjx iejh lpmo kpx ki hbx` ~vkhpmx} ej

xoèv }xkv` vkkl* Ex }by`} qb}xba`} ki akkh} bjh lkjù*

Ickq ki akkh} ivkl qbvòkp}` xk }o`cy`} f`mkl`} b ib}x`v bjh }lkkxo`v ~vkm`}}* Ex

}by`} lpmo ki xo` qbvòkp}` }~bm` bjh ìikvx} ki lkyeja akkh} ivkl }xkv` xk}o`cy`}* Lbju ki xo` ~vkhpmx} v`mèy`h ej xo` ckae}xem} ak hev`mxcu kj xo` }o`cy`}

/]bhc`v 6>>1%*

]KC^ El~c`l`jxbxekj

]xvbxàem K~`vbxekj} bjh Ckae} xem} ^cbjjeja /]KC^% e} b ~vkm`}} ikv

h`v ey eja ]xvbxàem ~ cbj ikv bj ejxàvb x`h }p~~ cu mobej ikv b avkp~ ki

~vk hpmx}* Kvabje}bxekj} xkhbu qkvd qe xo xo èv }p~~ce`v} bjh Mp}xkl`v} ej

kvh`v xk kvabjew` h ei i`v`jx b}~`mx} ki }p~~cu mobej * Fpx xoù hkjx

h`x`vlej` b }xvbxàu ikv xo` `jxev` }p~~cu mobej* ]KC^ o`c~} kvabje}bxekj}

xk fveja bcc xoèv }p~~cu mobej ~bvxj`v} xka`xo`v fu }xvbxàem ~cbjjeja* ]pmo

20


16/25


^cbj mbj f` el~c`l`jx`h fu b x`bl ki ``mpxey`} bjh fp}ej`}} lbjba`v} fu

mv`bxeja b }`x ki fp}ej`}} qkvd}o``x}* Heii`v`jx ~bvxe`} ej ]KC^ ~vkm`}} bv`

ejikvl`h vàbvheja i evl} } xv bxàem fp} ej`}} kfg`m xey` bjh mp} xkl`v

v`rpev`l`jx} kj xo` fb}e} ki k~`vbxekj} bjh ckae}xem ipjmxekj}* Xoù mv`bx`

bj Bmx ekj ~ cbj qe xo xo` v`rpev`h bmx ekj} qe xo xo` x el` fu qoemo }pmo

bmxekj} bv` v`rpev`h* Xo` bmxekj ~ cbj} } xbx`} mc`bv bmxekj} v`rpev`h xk

bmoe`y` xo` h`}ev`h akbc# qoemo qo`j bho`v`h fu fp}ej`}} ~bvxj`v} ej kvh`v

xk bmoe`y` xo` ky`vb cc } xv bxàe`} ikv h ei i`v`jx ~ vkhpmx avkp~} ej xo`

kvabje}bxekj /]bhc`v 6>>1%*

Mk c`} @ ~ v`} } m bj a`x f `j ì ex} e j x`vl} fp }ej `} } ì ie me`j mu bj h

~vk hpmxeyexu fu p}eja ]KC^ ~vkm`}}* Xo ù mbj ~cbj h`~ ckul`jx ki b

^cbjjeja X`bl qoemo qecc ejmcph` k~`vbxekj}# ckae}x em} bjh ~pvmob}eja

lbjba`l`jx* Xoù mbj h`y`ck~ }xvbxàem bmxekj ~cbj xk }kcy` bju e}}p`}*

Akkh mkllpjembx ekj qexo }p~~ce`v} bjh lbvd`x eja ~`v}kjj`c mbj o`c~

pjh`v }x bjhe ja bmx pb c mp} xkl`v j``h} xobx mbj o`c ~ Mkc `} @~ v`}}

mkjm`jx vb x` kj }~`me ie m b v`b ki o eao ybcp` * Fu a`x xeja xk djkq qobx

mp}xkl`v j``h} bmxpbccu bv`# Mkc`} @~v`}} mbj el~c`l`jx bmxekj ~cbj}

bel`h bx xo` h`} e v`h v`}pcx}* Xoù mbj ejx vkhpm` b x el` i vbl` ikv xoe}

el~c`l`jxbxekj bjh vàpcbv lkjexkveja ki xo` xel` ivbl` bjh ~`vikvlbjm`

qecc o`c~ xo`l bmoe`y` xo` h`}ev`h v`}pcx}*

Ejxàvbxekj f`xq``j Cejd} ej xo` ]p~~cu Mobej

B ~vk~`v ejxàvbxekj blkja}x bcc xo` cejd} ki }p~~cu mobej e} el~kvxbjx xk

f`jìex `y`vukj` ejykcy`h ej xo` ]p~~cu mobej* Mkk~`vbxekj f`xq``j ievl}

f`ckjaeja xk xo ` }p~~cu mobej e} b ~kq`vipc }kpvm` xo bx mbj ~vkyeh` b

mkl~`xe xey` bhybjxba` xk xo` mpv v`jx } xb x` ki fp} ej`}}* Mkk~`vb xekj

blkja}x fp}ej`}} ~bvxj`v} c`bh} xk v`hpm`h mk}x bjh ejmv`b}` ej ky`vbcc

~vk iex ki xo` kvabjewbxekj /]bhc`v 6>>1%*

29


17/25


Mkc`} @~v`}} e } Pjced`cu xk bmoe`y` }p~~cu mobej ejxàvbxekj qexokpx

h`y`ck~eja mck}` v`cbxekj}oe~ qexo ~bvxj`v} p~ bjh hkqj xo` }p~~cu mobej*

Xo` ikcckqeja xov`` }paa`}xekj} mbj f` aey`j xk Mkc`} @~v`}} xk `}xbfce}o

b lpxpbccu v`qbvheja ~bvxj`v}oe~ bx `y`vu c`y`c ki xoèv }p~~cu mobej*

Iev}x ki bcc xoù j``h xk bmoe`y` }p~~kvx bjh mkk~`vbxekj ivkl bcc xo`

~bvxj`v} ej xo` }p~~cu mobej* ^vk~`v }u jmovkjewbxekj f`xq``j bcc xo `

~bvxj`v} bjh pjeikvl mpcxpv` bmvk}} xo` `jxev` }p~~cu mobej qecc o`c~

Mkc`} @~v`}} fpech }xvkja v`cbxekj}oe~ qexo }p~~ce`v}*

J`x }x`~ e} eh`j xeiueja xo` ve aox ~bvxj`v} ej }p~~cu mobej* Mkc`}

@~v`}} j``h} xk lbxmo xo` Ybcp`} xobx bv` ikcckq`h fu heii`v`jx

~bvxj`v} xk xobx ki xoèv kqj* Ex e} el~kvxbjx xk }`x p~ bmoe`ybfc`

xbva`x} b l`bj} xk bmoe`y` xo`l* Bjh ~vk~`v ejxàvbxekj f`xq``j

fp}ej`}} ~vk m`} }`} bjh x`m ojkckau j``h } xk f` bmoe`y `h }k xo bx xoù

mbj oby` mkllkj pjh`v}xbjheja bjh hìejexekj} ikv akkh} ickqeja ej

xoèv }p~~cu mobej*

Xoevh }x`~ xobx }okpch f` xbd`j fu Mkc`} @~v`}} e} xk lbejxbej xo`

~bvxj`v}oe~ blkja xo` cejd} ej }p ~~cu mobej* Vàpcbv mkllpjembxekjbjh i``hfbmd f`xq``j ybvekp} ~bvxj`v} mbj o`c~ Mkc`} bhhv`}} bju

~vkfc`l} kv le }p jh`v}xbjheja bx bju c`y`c* Bc}k xo` Dù ~bvxj `v}

}okpch f` v`mkaje}`h ikv xoèv mkjxvefpxekj xk xo` }p~~cu mobej*

Fu bmoe`yeja akkh ejxàvb xekj f`xq``j ]p~~ cu Mobej bjh k~x elbc cu

pxe c eweja xo` mpvv`jx ejikvlbxekj }u}x`l Mkc`} @~v`}} mbj bmoe`y` akkh

v`}pcx} kj ejy`jxkvu c`y`c bjh el~vky`h ejy`jxkvu xpvjky`v*

Q`bd cejd} ej xo` ]p~~cu MobejFu }~`bdeja qexo K~`vbxekjbc Lbjba`v} bx }kl` fvbjmo`} bjh kxo`v kiiem`v}

v`cbx`h xk Mkc`} @~v`}} ]p~~cu mobej# }kl` q`bd c ejd} q`v` eh`jxei e`h4

}pmo bv`b} q`v` bii`mxeja xo` `jxev` ]p~~cu Mobej jàbxey`cu* Xo`}` bv`

21


18/25


xok}` q`bd cejd} qoemo bii`mx} xo` ìieme`jmu ki `jxev` }p~~cu mobej* ]kl`

ki xo` q`bd cejd} xobx eh`jxeie`h bv`

5*2 Jpl`vkp} ]p~~ce`v}

Mkc`} @~v`}} ~vkmpv`} xoèv akkh} bjh }`vyem`} ivkl b vbja` ki }p~~ce`v}*

]pmo }p~~ce`v vbja`} ivkl oeao ~vkiec` lbjpibmxpv`} xk }lbcc xvbh`v}* Xoù

hkjx ikcckq b ie ~bxx`vj ikv hbxb ~vkm`}}eja# lbdeja xo` gkf heiiempcx ikv

Mkc`} @~v`}} `l~cku``} b} xoù mbjjkx ikcckq xo` }bl` kvh`veja ~vkm`}}

ikv bc c xoè v v`rpev`l`jx}* ]kl` kvh`v} bv` ~ cbm`h `c`mxvkjembc cu p} eja

mkl~px`v qoec` }kl` kvh`v} bv` xk f` ib`h xk }p~~ce`v} # lbdeja xo` xb}d

heiiempcx ikv `l~cku``}* E x bii`mx} xo` ky`vbcc ìieme`jmu ki xoèv }p~~cu

mobej*

5*6 ^kkv Ikv`mb}xeja

Mpvv`jxcu }bc`} ikv`mb}xeja bx Mkc`} @~v`}} e} hkj` kj xo` fb}` ki ~b}x

@~`ve`jm`}* Qexo vb~eh mobja`} ej xv`jh} bjh mp}xkl`v h`lbjh ikv`mb}xeja

fb}`h kj ~b}x `~`ve`jm`} mbjjkx ~vk yeh` bmmpvbx` h`xbec}* O`jm` kvh`v}

~cbm`h bv` jkx bcqbu} bmmpvbx` c`bheja xk lkv` kv c`}} xobj k~xelpl c`y`c

ki }xkmd* Bjh kj ~`vekhembc fb}e} Mkc`} @~v`}} ob} }kl` }~`mebc}# qo`v`

xo` rpbjxe xu kvh`v`h ikv e x`l} kj }~`mebc} e} = xk 8 x el`} xobj xo` jkvlbc

kvh`veja rpbjx exu# fpx }pmo ikv`mb} x bv` jkx bcqbu} bmmpvbx` c`bheja xk

pjp}`h }xkmd ~ec`h p~ ej xo` }xkv` vkkl `y`j bix`v xo` }~`mebc} bv` ky`v*

Xoe} pjp}`h }xkmd fckmd} fp}ej`}} mb~exbc bjh bii`mx xoèv mb}o ickq*

5*= Ejikvlbxekj ]u}x`l Celexbxekj}

Lkh`vj ejikvlbxekj mkllpjembxekj xkkc} oby` xoèv kqj celexbxekj}* Kix`j

ej xel` ab~ f`xq``j ~cbmeja xo` kvh`v bjh v`mèyeja kvh`v} xoù mbj vpj kpx

ki m`vxbej ~vkhpmx}* ]pmo ~vkhpmx pjbybecbfecexu `y`j ikv kj` hbu mbj ckk}`

mp}xkl`v xvp}x bjh bii`mx xoèv fp}ej`}}* @y`j bix`v lk}x ki xo` }p~~ce`v} ki

Mkc`} @~v`}} p}` `c`mxvkjem l`bj} ikv mkllpjembxekj}# xo`v` bv` }x e cc

}kl` }p~~ce`v} qok hk jkx oby` }pmo `c`mx vkjem ikvl} ki ejikvlbxekj

mkllpjembx ekj* @mobja` ki ejikvlbxekj i vkl }pmo }p~~ce`v} e } ki x`j

2?


19/25


x ov kpao ~ okj` k v i b`} * Lbjpbc ` vv kv } b v` rpe x` ~ k}} ef c` e j hbx b

xvbj}le}}ekj c`bheja xk qvkja h`me}ekj} fb}`h kj }pmo el~vk~`v hbxb*

5*8 ^kkv Ejy`jxkvu Lbjba`l`jx

^vk~`v Ejy`jxkvu Lbjba`l`jx e} bel`h bx lbdeja }pv` xobx k~xelpl c`y`c

ki }xkmd e} }xkv`h ej xo` qbvòkp}`* Ejy`jxkvu Lbjba`l`jx e} xo` mkjm`~x

qoemo lbd`} }pv` ukp oby` `jkpao } xkmd }k xobx ukp hkj x vpj kpx kj

mp}xkl`v# fpx lbdeja }pv` xobx xo` }xkmd c`y`c e} jkx lkv` xobj `jkpao

qoemo qecc fckmd fp}ej`}} mb~exbc ej ikvl ki pjp}`h ~ec`} ki }xkmd* Hp` xk

}`y`vbc ibmxkv} bii`mxeja xo` }bc`}# ikv`mb}x lbh` qoec` kvh`veja }xkmd mbj

xpvj kpx xk f` qvkja c`bheja xk el~vk~`v Ejy`jxkvu c`y`c# d``~eja xkk ckq

ejy`jxkvu c`y`c} mbj c`bh xk }xkv`} vpjjeja kpx bjh cbva` rpbjxexu qecc kj cu

fckmd mb~exbc* Ej }p mo mb}`} b }xvkja j``h ki f`xx`v Ejy`jxkvu Lbjba`l`jx

}u}x`l e} i`cx*

5*0 ^kkv ^vkhpmx ]`c`mxekj

Qo`j kf}`vy`h mck}`cu e x qb} ikpjh xobx lkv` kv c`}} `y`vu } xkv` ob}

bclk}x }elecbv xu~` ki }xkmd* Fpx bcc Mkc`} @~v`}} ]xkv`} bv` ckmbx`h ej b

heii`v`jx bv`b bjh jkx bcc heii`v`jx kpxc`x} ob} xo` }bl` ~vkiec` ki mce`jx`c`#

o`jm` }`c c eja xo` }bl` vbja` ki ~vkhpmx} ej `bmo }xkv` hk`} jkx }`vy` xo`

mp}xkl`v j``h} k~xelbccu* Lkv` kv c`}} `y`vu }xkv` qecc oby` xk ikcckq xo`

}bl` ~vkhpmx vbja` xobx xo` o`bh kiiem` h`meh`} xoù }okpch he}~cbu ikv

}bc`* Xo` Mkc`} @~v`}} Kpxc`x hk jkx oby` `jkpao iv``hkl xk ak fùkjh b

25


20/25


m`vxbej c`y`c ej mokk}eja qobx xoù qbjx xk }`c c ej xoèv } xkv` c`bheja xk

~kkv ~vk hpmx }`c`mxekj qoemo ej xpvj bii`m x xo ` }bc`} ki kxo`v avkm`vu ex`l }

ej xo` }xkv`*

V`rpev`h Bmxekj}]kl` ki xo` bv`b} ej mpv v`jx } xvpm xpv` j``h lkhei embx ekj ej kvh`v xk

el~vky` xo` ìi eme`jmu ki xo` `jxev` }p~~cu mobej j`xqkvd* K~`vbxekjbc

Lbjba`v} bx }kl` ki xo` fvbjmo`} ki Mkc`} @~v`}} f`ce`y`} xobx ikcckqeja

}x`~} mbj f` xbd`j ej kvh`v xk lbd` xoèv ]p~~cu Mobej lkv` ìieme`jx*

2>*2 El~vkyeja xo` Ikv`mb}xeja

Xo` ikv`mb} x eja hkj` bx Mkc`} @~v`}} j``h} el~vky`l`jx* Mp}xkl`v

fòbyekv mbj f` }xphe`h fu xo` Icu Fpu hbxb xobx Mkc`} oby ` bjh Ikv`mb}x

mbj f` lbh` lkv` v`bce}x em fb}`h kj mp}xkl`v i``hfbmd* ^vk~`v }xphu ki

mp}xkl`v fpueja fòbyekv} }obcc f` mkjhpmx`h }k xobx ~vk~`v ikv`mb}x mbj

f` lbh` bjh kvh`v} ikv }p ~~ce`} bv` lk v` v`bce }xem# }k xobx kjcu k~xelpl

c`y`c ki }xkmd e} kvh`v* Xoe} qecc el~vky` xo` ipjmxekjbcexu ki `jxev` }p~~cu

mobej fu lbdeja xo` mb}o ickq }lkkxo`v bjh ex }by`} pjj`m`}}bvu fckmdba`

ki Fp}ej`}} Mb~exbc*

2>*6 Ejikvlbxekj ]u}x`l

Mkc`} } xe c c h`bc qexo }kl` }p~~ce`v} qok hk jkx p}` akkh ejikvlbxekj

x`mojkckau }u} x`l# qoemo mbj lbd` xoè v gkf} `b}u bjh lkv` bmmpvbx`*

O`jm` ex j``h} xk v`ye`q xoèv }p~~ce`v} ce}x ejmcpheja lkv` }p~~ce`v} qok

mbj biikvh oeao `jh x`mojkckau# lbdeja ex ~k}}efc` xk `~ckex xo` f`jìex}

ki lkh`vj x`mojkckau ej xoè v }p~~cu mobej* Bc}k xo` mpvv`jx xkkc} ki

ejikvlbxekj mkllpjembx ekj mbj f` v`~cbm`h fu lkv` }k~oe}x embx`h `,

fp}ej`}} xkkc} qo emo mbj fkk}x xo` ìieme`jmu ki xo` mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobe j

lkh`c * Ejxàvb x`h }u} x`l} f`x x` v h`b c} qexo x vbj} i`vv eja xo` hbxb b}

6>


21/25


mkl~bv`h xk }ejac` }xbjhbckj` }u}x`l* Bcc xoe} ~kejx} lp}x f` d`~x ej lejh

bjh ejikvlbxekj x `mojkckau xkkc} el~c`l`jx`h }k b} xk el~vky` xo`

ìieme`jmu bjh ìi`mxey`j`}} ki xo` mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej*

2>*= Ejy`jxkvu Mkjxvkc

Ejxàvbx`h i ckq ki ejikvlbxekj blkja}x xo` }p~~ce`v avkp~ mbj ~vkyeh`

f`xx`v lbjba`l`jx ky`v xo` mpvv`jx ejy`j xkvu qexo ej xo ` }p~~cu mobej*

^vk~`v mkcc`mx ekj ki hbxb vàbvheja ej`jxkvu bx `y`vu oe`vbvmou ki xo`

} p~ ~c u mob ej mbj c `bh x k ~ vk~` v e jy`j xk vu mkj xv kc bjh b c} k v `hpm`

pjjm`}}bvu ejy`jxkvu cueja ej xo` qbvòkp}`* Pjj`mm`}}bvu ejy`jxkvu mbj

f` v`hpm`h qoemo qecc el~ vk y` xo` mb}o ickq bx Mk c`} @~v`} } bjh qecc c`bh

xk f`xx`v ipjmxekjeja ki xo` mpvv`jx }p~~cu mobej*

2>*8 V`cbxekj}oe~ qexo ]p~~ce`v

Mkc`} @~v`}} j``h} xk fpech f`x x`v v`cbxekj}oe~ qe xo e x } }p~~c e`v} # b}

ìi`mxey` mkllpjembxekj qexo xo` }p~~ce`v} e} y`vu el~kvxbjx * Bx Mkc`}

@~v`}} lkv` `l~ob}ew` e} ~cbm`h kj obyeja }xvkja }p~~ce`v v`cbxekj}oe~ }k

xobx xoù mbj oby` f`xx`v fbvabej ej xoèv ~pvmob}`}* Xo` lbjba`l`jx j``h}

xk pjh`v}xbjh xobx xo` }p~~ce`v} }okpch f` xv`bx`h ced` ~bvxj`v} b} xoù ~cbu

b y`vu el~kvxbjx vkc` ej fp}ej`}}* O`jm` o`bcxou v`cbxekj}oe~ qexo }p~~ce`v}

qecc c`bh xk el~vky`l`jx ej xo` ]p~~cu Mobej bx Mkc`} @~v`}}*

2>*0 F`xx`v ^vkhpmx }`c`mxekj

Lk}x ki xo` avkm`vu ex`l} }kch bx Mkc`} @~v`}} }xkv` cbmd ybve`xu# rpbcexu

bjh bv` lpmo lkv` `~`j}ey` xobj xo` }p~`vlbvd`x} * Xo` ~vkie x lbvaej

`bvj`h kj ip`c }kch bx Mkc`} @~v`}} e} rpex` ckq# qo`v`b} bcc xo` avkm`vu

ex`l} }kch bx xoe} }xkv`} `jgku b v`b}kjbfcu oeao vbx` ki ~vkiex kj mk}x ~vem`*

O`jm` lkv` ikmp} }obcc f` ~cbm`h ej ~vkyeheja b qeh` vbja` ki ~vkhpmx} xk

mp} xkl`v# d``~eja ej lejh mp} xkl`v mokem` bjh v`rpe v`l`jx * ] xkv`

Lbjba`v} f`xx`v djkq xo` ~vkiec` ki mce`jx} ej xobx ~bvxempcbv bv`b }k xoù

}obcc f` aey`j xo` bpxokve xu xk xkxbc cu }`c`mx xo` ~vkhpmx} xk f` he}~cbu`h

ikv }bc` ej xo` ev } xkv`}* Xo` ~ vkhpmx v bja` }ob cc f` lkv` ikmp}`h kj

62


22/25


~vk hpmxeja qe h` vbja` ki rpbcexu akkh} bx b v`b}kjbfc` ~vem`* B} xo ù mbj

xvbh` kj xo` ykcpl`} ki }bc`} `y`j fu }`cc eja xo` akkh} bx b c e x x c` ckq`v

~ve m` bjh `b vjeja c`}} ~`v pjex ~vkiex* Xo p} }`c`mxekj ki b f`xx`v ^vkhpmx

vbja` e} y`vu el~kvxbjx*

Mkjmcp}ekjXo` }xphu ki Mkc`} @~v`}} ]p~~cu Mobej }xvpmxpv` fveja} ikvqbvh b akkh

`bl~c` ki q`cc lbjba`h }p~~cu mobej# qoemo qb} `~`mx`h ivkl b l`lf`v

ki xo` Mkc`} avkp~* U`x m`vxbej bv`b} bv` kf}`vy`h qo`v` el~vky`l`jx} mbj

f` bmoe`y`h* Ck kdeja bx xo ` mpvv`jx }e xpbxekj# ex mbj f` bhye}`h xk Mkc`}

@~v`}}# xobx ej kvh`v xk fkk}x xo` }lkkxo ipjmxekjeja ki xo` }p~~cu mobej

xoù qecc oby` xk ikmp} kj }kl` mve x embc ibmxkv} c ed` ~vk~`v ikv`mb}xeja#

ejy`jxkvu mkjxvkc bjh akkh }p~~c e`v v `cbx ekj}oe~* Xoù qec c j``h xk

pjh`v}xbjh xobx xo` mkl~`xexekj xkhbu e} f`xq``j xo` }p~~cu mobej} bjh jkx

f`xq``j y`jhkv} kv v`xbec`v}* Xo ` bv`b} xobx Mkc`} @~v`}} }okpch }ejm`v`cu

xvu xk el~vky` bv` xoèv ~vkhpmx ~vemeja bjh ikv`mb}xeja* Ej b jpx}o`cc # e x

mbj f` }beh xobx Mkc`} @~v`}} ob} b h`m`jx }p~~cu mobej bjh qe xo xo`

66


23/25


el~c`l`jxbx ekj ki f`x x` v bjh lkv` v`c ebfc` ejikvlbxekj }u} x`l} bjh

ejxàvbxekj ki lbjba`l`jx xoù mbj f` }pmm`}}ipc ej mkjxejpeja xk cey` p~

xk xoèv fp}ej`}} }xvbxàu bjh akbc}*

Bmxekj ^cbj

^kcemu Bv`b Mpvv`jx ^vk~k}`h Bmxekj

V`rpev`h

^vekvexu

Jk ki ]xkv`} Bvkpjh 9>> K~`j j`q ]xkv`} U`bv 6>>? 1

Ejikvlbxekj

Mkllpjembxekj

xkkc}

Celex`h p}` ki@HE# VIEH bjhGp}x ej Xel`

Mkl~c`x`Xvbj}ikvlbxekj

P~hbxÈjikvlbxekj

Xkkc}

=

Oplbj

V`}kpvm`}

Lkv` Mb}pbc]xbii

Oby` lkv`^`vlbj`jx }xbii

Mpx kj mb}pbc}xbiieja

?

Rpbcexu bjh^vem`}

J``h}el~vky`l`jx ej

}xbjhbvh kirpbcexu

Lkv` @l~ob}e}kj Rpbcexu

~vkhpmx} fpx bxmo`b~`v vbx`}

Mpx hkqj kj~vkiex lbvaej}xk aey` mo`b~`vrpbcexu ~vkhpmx

2

^`vikvlbjm`

l`b}pv`}

IejbjmebcXpvjky`v}

Mklfej`h`ybcpbxekj ki

ky`v,bcc~vkiexbfecexu*

X`}x Mp}xkl`v}]bxe}ibmxekj

C`y`c}

6

6=


24/25


]p~~ce`v} Lbju Mkjxvbmxeja b}`c`mx`h jplf`v

ki }p~~ce`v} ikv bccxo` v`rpev`l`jx}

Mpx hkqj kj}mbxx`v`h}p~~ce`v}

8

He}xvefpxekj Mkc`} @~v`}}

HM bjh ^veybx`}p~~ce`v}

Lkv` `l~ob}e} kj

hev`mx }kpvmejaivkl }p~~ce`v}

Hev`mx ]kpvmeja 0

^vkhpmx

Ejxvkhpmxekj

]p~~ce`v Fb}`h Lkv` @l~ob}e}kj Mp}xkl`vV`rpev`l`jx}

]xphu Mp}xkl`vv`rpev`l`jx}

9

V`i`v`jm`}Mb}}eye # C 6>>9# Mkccbfkvbxekj ~cbjjeja ej }p~~cu mobej# ]p~~cu mobejlbjba`l`jx7 Bj Ejx`vjbxekjbc gkpvjbc# Ykc* 22# Jk* =# ~~* 689,60?*

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68
http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/EC/EDIIntro.htmlhttp://supplychain.ittoolbox.com/pub/JB051101a.pdfhttp://www.colesgroup.com.au/library/Investors/FinancialReports/2006/20061023_2006_Annual_Report.pdfhttp://www.colesgroup.com.au/library/Investors/FinancialReports/2006/20061023_2006_Annual_Report.pdfhttp://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/EC/EDIIntro.htmlhttp://supplychain.ittoolbox.com/pub/JB051101a.pdfhttp://www.colesgroup.com.au/library/Investors/FinancialReports/2006/20061023_2006_Annual_Report.pdfhttp://www.colesgroup.com.au/library/Investors/FinancialReports/2006/20061023_2006_Annual_Report.pdf


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http://et.colesmyer.com.au/etweb/edi.htmhttp://www.leanconstruction.org/pdf/Howell.pdfhttp://s-cah-vishnu.infotech.monash.edu.au/dss2004/proceedings/pdf/80_Winata_Mia.pdfhttp://s-cah-vishnu.infotech.monash.edu.au/dss2004/proceedings/pdf/80_Winata_Mia.pdfhttp://s-cah-vishnu.infotech.monash.edu.au/dss2004/proceedings/pdf/80_Winata_Mia.pdfhttp://au.sun.com/2004-0628/coles/index.htmlhttp://au.sun.com/2004-0628/coles/index.htmlhttp://et.colesmyer.com.au/etweb/edi.htmhttp://www.leanconstruction.org/pdf/Howell.pdfhttp://s-cah-vishnu.infotech.monash.edu.au/dss2004/proceedings/pdf/80_Winata_Mia.pdfhttp://s-cah-vishnu.infotech.monash.edu.au/dss2004/proceedings/pdf/80_Winata_Mia.pdfhttp://s-cah-vishnu.infotech.monash.edu.au/dss2004/proceedings/pdf/80_Winata_Mia.pdfhttp://au.sun.com/2004-0628/coles/index.htmlhttp://au.sun.com/2004-0628/coles/index.html

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