Sunny Kharbanda Major Project

8/7/2019 Sunny Kharbanda Major Project

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PROJECT REPORT ON

³AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM´

SUBMITTED

FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF DEGREE

IN BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

By

SUNNY KHARBANDA

( 07 IT 556 )

Under the guidance of:

Dr. Sanjay Mohindroo

(Project Guide)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

SECTOR 23-A, GURGAON

(Affiliated to Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak)

DECEMBER 2010



PREFACE

The definition of our problem lies in manual system and a fully automated system.

Manual system : The system is very time consuming and lazy. This system

is more prone to errors and sometimes the approach to various problems is

unstructured.

Technical system : With the advent of latest technology if we do not update

our system then our business result in losses gradually with time. The technical

systems contains the tools of latest trend i.e. computers printers, fax, Internet etc.

The systems with this technology are very fast, accurate, user-friendly and reliable.

Our Project deals with online Airline Reservation. It is a user friendly website in

which a user can book tickets and has several other options like cancelation,

general enquiry etc.



OBJECTIVES

The objective of this software is to replace the traditional paper based system to

manage all the activities. This new system will be helpful to both the managers and

the customers because it includes all the features that are required in Airlines

Management in just one click.

A few factors that directs us to develop a new system are given below :-

1) Faster System

2) Accuracy

3) Reliability

4) Secure

5) Reservation and cancellation of tickets online.



SCOPE

Airline Management System is a web based application developed with the

concept to facilitate anytime online reservations and cancellations of Air tickets.

It offers all the services that are required for booking tickets online.



SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

HARDWARE INTERFACE:

RAM 64MB or above

Processor Intel Pentium 4 or above

Processor Speed 1.6 GHz or above

SOFTWARE INTERFACE:

Web Browser Internet Explorer 5.5 or above

OS Windows XP with Service Pack 2

Database SQL Server 2005

Development Tool Visual Studio 2005 with C#



FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility study is to check the viability of the project under consideration.

Theoretically various types of feasibilities are conducted, but we have conducted

three type of feasibilities explained as under.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

With the manual system the operating cost of the system is about 60 Lacks P.A..

This cost comprises salary of 25 people, stationary, building rent, electricity, water,

telephone etc. But with the new system this reoccurring cost comes out to be about

20 Lacks P.A. Hence the new system is economically feasible.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

The new system requires only 6 trained person to work with the system and in

overall 10 people per office are sufficient. So we will identify 6 best people from

existing system and train them.

As our existing system is purely manual, so we need a one time investment of Rs 4

Lakhs for the purchase of 7 computers, 5 Ticket printers, a laser printer, AC and

networking etc. It requires 20 Lacks PA as a operating cost.



With the above details our system is technically feasible as after investing 24

Lacks in a year, the company is still saving Rs 25 Lacks PA.

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

The new solution is feasible in all sense but operationally it is not. The new systemdemands the expulsion of at least 15 people from the company. It creates an

environment of joblessness and fear among the employees. It can lead to an

indefinite strike in the company also. So the management must take corrective

actions prior in advance in order to start the further proceedings.



SYSTEM ANALYSIS

This was the most important phase of my project life cycle. The following block

diagram depicts the basic features of the website

BLOCK DIAGRAM

In this initial phase of project development, I visited some airlines website to get

basic ideas about this system. These site includes Pardes Airline agencies , Lotus

Airline agencies and Indian Airlines.



INTRODUCTION TO ASP.NET

ASP.NET is the next version of Active Server Pages (ASP). It is a unified

web development platform that provides the services necessary for

developers to build web applications. While ASP.NET is largely syntax

compatible with ASP, it also provides a new programming model and

infrastructure for more secure, scalable, and stable applications. ASP

applications may be augmented by incrementally adding ASP.NET

functionality to them. It is a compiled, .NET-based environment;

applications can be written in any .Net compatible language, including

VisualBasic.Net, C# and Jscript.Net. Additionally, the entire .NET

framework is available to any ASP.NET application. Developers can easily

access the benefits of these technologies, which include the managed

common language runtime environment, type safety, inheritance, and so

on.

ASP.NET has been designed to work seamlessly with WYSIWYG HTML

editors and other programming tools, including Microsoft Visual

Studio.Net. Not only does this make web development easier, but it also

provides all the benefits that these tools have to offer, including a GUI that

developers can use to drop server controls onto a web page and fully

integrated debugging support. Developers can use web forms or XML web



services when creating an ASP.NET application or a combination of these.

Each is supported by the same infrastructure that allows developers to use

authentication schemes, caches frequently used data, or customize your

applications configurations, to name only a few possibilities.

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A p p l i c a t i o n



FEATURES OF ASP.NET

y The ASP.NET object model has changed significantly from ASP,making it more structured and object-oriented. But ASP.NET is

not fully backward compatible; almost all existing ASP pages

will have to be modified to some extent in order to run under

ASP.NET.

y Accessing databases from ASP.NET applications is an often-used

technique for displaying data to web site visitors. ASP.NET

makes it easier than ever to access databases for this purpose. It

also allows you to manage the database from your code.

ASP.NET provides a simple model that enables web developers

to write logic that runs at the application level

y ASP.NET provides easy-to-use application and session-state

facilities that are familiar to ASP developers and are readily

compatible with all other .NET framework APIs

y .ASP.NET takes advantage of performance enhancements found

in the .NET framework and common language runtime .

Additionally, it has been designed to offer significant

performance improvements over ASP and other web

development platforms. All ASP.NET code is compiled, rather

than interpreted, which allows early binding, strong typing, and

just-in-time (JIT) compilation to native code. ASP.NET also



provides extensive caching services (both built-in services and

caching APIs). ASP.NET also ships with performance counters

that developers and system administrators can monitor to test

new applications and gather metrics on existing applications.

y The .NET framework and ASP.NET provide default

authorization and authentication schemes for web applications.

y ASP.NET configuration settings are stored in XML-based files,

which are human readable and writable. Each of the applications

can have a distinct configuration file and the configuration

scheme can be extended to suit the developer¶s requirements.



ADVANTAGES OF ASP.NET PAGE FRAMEWORK

y Intuitive, consistent object model. The ASP.NET page

framework presents an object model that allows you to think of

your forms as a unit, not as separate client and server pieces. In

this model, you can program the form in a more intuitive way

than in traditional web applications, including the ability to set

properties for form elements and respond to events. In addition,

ASP.NET server controls are an abstraction from the physical

contents of an HTML page and from the direct interaction

between browser and server. In general, you can use server

controls the way you might work with controls in a client

application and not have to think about how to create the HTML

to present and process the controls and their contents.

y Event-driven programming model. Web forms pages bring to

web applications the familiar model of writing event handlers

for events that occur on either the client or server. The

ASP.NET page framework abstracts this model in such a way

that the underlying mechanism of capturing an event on the

client, transmitting it to the server, and calling the appropriate

method is all automatic and invisible to the implementer. The



result is a clear, easily written code structure that supports

event-driven development.

y Intuitive state management. The ASP.NET page framework

automatically handles the task of maintaining the state of your

form and its controls, and it provides you with explicit ways to

maintain the state of application-specific information. This is

accomplished without heavy use of server resources and can be

implemented with or without sending cookies to the browser.

y Browser-independent applications. The ASP.NET page

framework provides for creating all application logic on the

server, eliminating the need to explicitly code for differences in

browsers. However, it still allows you to automatically take

advantage of browser-specific features by writing client-side

code to provide improved performance and a richer client

experience.

y .NET Framework common language runtime support. The

ASP.NET page framework is a technology of ASP.NET.

ASP.NET is built on the .NET Framework, so the entire

framework is available to any ASP.NET application. Your

applications can be authored in any language compatible with

the runtime, including Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual C#, and

JScript .NET. In addition, data access is simplified using the



data access infrastructure provided by the .NET Framework,

including ADO.NET.

y .NET Framework scalable server performance. The ASP.NET

page framework allows you to scale your web application from

one computer with a single processor to a multi-computer "web

farm" cleanly and without complicated changes to the

application's logic.

y .NET Framework scalable server performance. The ASP.NET

page framework allows you to scale your web application from

one computer with a single processor to a multi-computer "web

farm" cleanly and without complicated changes to the

application's logic.



INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS BASED .NET

Microsoft Visual Studio offers several ways to develop Windows-based

applications that run locally on users' computers. With Visual Studio, you can

create Windows-based applications and user interfaces (UI) by using Windows

Forms. You can also create Windows service applications or Windows Win32-

based applications.

A Visual Studio Windows-based application is built around the .NET Framework,

a rich set of classes that you can use to develop sophisticated applications. You can

create Windows-based applications by using any programming language that

works with the .NET Framework (Visual Basic, C#, C++, and many others) and

.NET Framework debugging tools.

Windows-based applications created by using .NET Framework classes offer other

benefits. You can access operating-system services and take advantage of other

benefits provided by your user's computing environment. You can access data by

using ADO.NET.

Just as with any other .NET Framework application, you can create Windows-

based applications in a text editor, make calls to .NET Framework methods and

classes, compile your application at the command line, and distribute the resulting

executable application.

Alternatively, you can use Visual Studio. When you use Visual Studio to create

Windows-based applications, you are creating essentially the same application that

you could create by manually writing code. The advantage of using Visual

Studio is that it provides tools that can make application development faster,



VISUAL C#

C# is a programming language that is designed for building a variety of

applications that run on the .NET Framework. C# is simple, powerful, type-safe,

and object-oriented, general purpose programming language.

Visual C# is an implementation of the C# language by Microsoft. Visual Studio

supports Visual C# with a full-featured code editor, compiler, project templates,

designers, code wizards, a powerful and easy-to-use debugger, and other tools. The

.NET Framework class library provides access to many operating system services

and other useful, well-designed classes that speed up the development cycle

significantly. Some of the features of C#.net are as follows:

1. Intuitive C++ based Language

2. Interoperability

3. Modern, Component-Oriented Language

4. A Fast-Growing Developer Community

5. .NET Framework Class Library

6. Robust Web Development Environment

7. Complete Windows Application Development Environment



SQL SERVER MANAGEMENT STUDIO (SQL 2005)

SQL Server 2005 delivers on Microsoft¶s Data Platform vision by helping

your organization manage any data, any place, any time. Store data from

structured, semi-structured, and unstructured documents, such as images

and rich media, directly within the database. SQL Server 2005 delivers a

rich set of integrated services that enable you to do more with your data

such as query, search, synchronize, report, and analyze.

SQL Server 2005 provides the highest levels of security, reliability, and

scalability for your business-critical applications. To take advantage of new

opportunities in today's fast-moving business world, companies need the

ability to create and deploy data-driven solutions quickly. SQL Server 2005

reduces time and cost of management and development of applications.

Access data from across your enterprise and provide control over your data

no matter where it¶s stored²from the largest servers within the data center

to desktops to mobile devices. SQL Server 2005 provides a comprehensive

platform that delivers intelligence where your users want it. Information

workers can access data directly using the tools they use every day, such as

the 2007 Microsoft Office system.

SQL Server 2005 enables data to be consumed from custom applications

developed using Microsoft .NET and Visual Studio and from within

service-oriented architectures (SOA) and business processes through

Microsoft BizTalk Server.



System Requirement Analysis

REQUIRMENT ANALYSIS

Requirement Analysis is the process of understanding the customer¶s needs and

expectations from a proposed system or application and is a well ±defined stage in

the Software Development Life Cycle model.

Requirements are a description of how a system should behave or a description of

system properties

Or attributes. It can alternatively be a system of µwhat¶ an application is expected

to do .Given the multiple levels of interactions between users, business processesand devices in global corporations today, there are simultaneous and complex

requirements from a single applications, from various levels within an organization

and outside it aswell.The Software Requirement Analysis Process covers the

complex tasks of eliciting and documenting the requirements of all these users

,modeling and analyzing these requirements and documenting them as basis of

design.

A dedicated and specialized Requirements analyst is the best equipped to handle

the job .The requirements analyst may also fall under the scope of project manager ,program manager or business analyst .depending on the organizational hierarchy .

Software Requirements Analysis and Documentation Process are critical to

software project success.

Requirement engineering is an emerging field which deals with the systematic

handling of requirements.

STEPS IN THE REQUIRMENT ANALYSIS PROCESS

1 Fix System Boundaries

This initial step helps identifying how the new application integrates with the

business processes,

How it fits into larger picture and what its scope and limitations will be.



model and systems or process specifications, on site analysis, interviews with end

user, market research and competitor analysis were also used extensively in

requirements elicitation.

However current research in software requirements analysis process has thrown up

modern tools that are better equipped to handle the complex and multilayered

process of requirements elicitation. Some of the current requirement elicitation

tools in use are:

y Prototypes

y Use cases

y Transition process diagrams

y User interfaces

4. Requirement Analysis process

Once all stakeholders have been gathered, a structured analysis of these can be

done after modeling the requirements. Some of the Software requirements analysistechniques used are requirements animation, automated reasoning, knowledge

based critiquing, consistency checking, analogical and case based reasoning.

5. Requirement specification

Requirements, once elicited, modeled and analyzed should be documented in clear,

unambiguous terms. A written requirements document is critical so that its

circulation is possible among all stakeholders including the stakeholders, client,

user-groups, the development and testing team. Current requirement engineering practices reveal that a well designed, clearly documented Requirement

specification is vital and serves as a:

Base for validating the started the stated requirements and resolving stakeholder

conflicts, if any

Contract between the client and development team

Basis for system design for the development team

Bench mark for project managers for planning project development lifecycles and

goals

Source for formulating test plans for QA and testing teams Resource for requirement management and requirement tracing

Basis for evolving requirements over project life spans

Software requirements specification involves scoping then requirements so that it

meets the customer¶s vision. It is the result of collaboration between the end-user

who is often not a technical expert, and a Technical/System Analyst, who is likely

to approach the situation in technical terms.



The software requirements specification is a document that lists out stake holder¶s

needs and communicates these to the technical community that will design and

build the system. The challenge of a well-written requirements specification is to

clearly communicate to both these groups and all the sub-groups within.

To overcome this, Requirements Specifications may be documented separately as

User Requirements ± written in clear, precise language with plain text and use

cases, for the benefit of the customer and end-user.

System Requirements ± expressed as a programming or mathematical model,

addressing the Application Development Team and QA and Testing Team.

Requirements Specification serves as a starting point for software, hardware and

database design. It describes the function (Functional or Non-Functional

specifications) of the system, performance of the system and the operational anduser-interface constraints that will govern system development.

6. Requirements Management

Requirements Management is the comprehensive process that includes all aspects

of software requirements analysis and additionally ensures verification, validation

and traceability of requirements. Effective requirements management practices

guarantee that all system requirements are related unambiguously, that omissions

and errors are corrected and that evolving specifications can be incorporated later

in the project lifecycle.



SYSTEM DESIGN

DFD

Larry Constantine, as a way of expressing , first developed the DFD system

requirements in a graphical form; this led to a modular design .A DFD is also

known as a : ´bubble chart´ . A DFD has as the purpose of clarifying system

requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in

system design. So it is starting point of the design phase that functionally

decomposes the requirements specifications down to the lowest level of detail. A

DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined lines. The bubbles represent data

transformations and the lines represents data flows in the system.

DFD SYMBOLS

In the DFD, there are four symbols,

1) A Square defines a source (originator) or destination of system data.

2) An Arrow identifies data flow- data in motion .It is pipeline through which

information flows.

3) A circle or a bubble (or a oval bubble) represents a process that transforms

incoming data flow(s) into outgoing data flow(s)

4) An open rectangle is a data store-data at rest , or temporary repository of

data.



DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Login DFD

User Project

Database

Process

Enter Details

Acknowledgement

Operation

Performed

Acknowledgement



LEVEL 0 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM



LEVEL 1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM OF GENERAL ENQUIRY SYSTEM



LEVEL 1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM OF PASSENGER ENQUIRY SECTION



LEVEL 2 DFD OF BOOKING



LEVEL 2 DFD OF CANCELLATION



E-R DI AGR AM FOR CANCELLATION



ALGORITHM

In this section I have written algorithms of reservation and cancellation of tickets

1. RESERVATION

y A Customer comes for reservation of tickets.

y Customer enters all the details.

y These details are written in customer form.

y Computer then checks the date that the customer has entered

y It checks the date entered with the available dates

y The system then justifies the flight id to the customer

y It then checks for the seats and the class.

y If the customer wants to sit on the window side and in economic class

y If there is availability of seats then the ticket is reserved for the customer.

y The ticket is generated then.

y The ticket is confirmed



y If the above conditions are not applicable, then it checks for the next seat

that is available

y If there are no seats available then the system checks for the seats that are

not confirmed

y After this, the waiting list is generated

y End

2. CANCELLATION

y The customer comes for the cancelation of tickets

y The computer then opens the delete form.

y Fill up the form and click on SHOW.

y It displays the passengers list.



y Select the PNR number and click on DELETE

y The system will confirm that the record has been deleted.

3. CONCESSION

y Click on concession box.

y Concession box opens

y After that select the category.

y Click on calculate. This will calculate for total concessions.

y The total concession is then displayed.

y The final fare is then displayed.



DATABASE

TABLES

Customer Details

FIELD TYPE TYPE DESCRIPTION

T _DATE TEXT TRAVEL DAT

CUST_NAME TEXT CUSTOMER NAME

FATHER _NAME TEXT CUSTOMER FATHER NAME

GENDER TEXT GENDER OF CUSTOMER

D_O _B DATE/TIME DATE OF BIRTHOFCUCTOMER

ADDRESS TEXT ADDRESS OF CUSTOMER

TEL _NO NUMBER CUSTOMER TELPHONE NUMBER

PROFESSION TEXT PROFESSION OF CUSTOMER

SECURITY TEXT SECURITY OF CUSTOMER

CONCESSION TEXT CONCESSION OF SECURITY



FLIGHT INFORMATION

CONCESSION

CONCE _NAME TEXT CONCESSION NAME

CONCE _CODE NUMBER CODE OF CONCESSION

CLASS TEXT CLASS OF CONCESSION

DISCOUNT TEXT DISCOUNT CONCESSION BASIS

V _O _T TEXT VALIDITY OF TICKET

BAG_ALLOW TEXT BAGGAGE ALLOWANCE

FARE _BASIC TEXT FARE BASIC FIXED

F_NAME TEXT FLIGHT NAME

F_CODE NUMBER FLIGHT CODE

C _CODE TEXT CLASS CODE

T_EXE SEATNO NUMBER TOTAL EXECUTIVE SEATNUM,BER

T_ECO SEATNO NUMBER TOTAL ECONOMIC SEAT NUMBER



FARE

FIELD NAME DATATYPE DESCRIPTION

ROUTE _CODE TEXT CODE NUMBER OF ROUTE

S _PLACE TEXT SOURCE PLACE

VIA TEXT VIA

D_PLACE TEXT DESTINATION PLACE

D_TIME DATE/TIME DEPARTUE TIME

A_TIME DATE/TIME ARRIVAL TIME

F_CODE TEXT FLIGHT CODE

C _CODE TEXT CLASS CODE

FARE TEXT FARE OF CLASS

ENQUIRY

T_NO TEXT TICKET NUMBER

F_NAME TEXT FLIGHT NAME

F_CODE NUMBER FLIGHT CODE



C _SEATNO NUMBER CLASS SEAT NUMBER

C _FARE NUMBER CLASS FARE

CUST_CODE NUMBER CUSTOMER CODE

T_DATE TEXT TRAVELDATE

T_TIME DATE/TIME TRAVEL TIME

CANCELLATION

CUST_CODE TEXT CUSTOMER CODE

CLASS TEXT CLASS

S _NO NUMBER SEAT NUMBER

DAYS LEFT DATE/TIME DAYS LEFT

HOURS LEFT DATE/TIME HOURS LEFT

BASIC AMMOUNT TEXT BASIC AMMOUNT

CANCELAMMOUNE NUMBER CANCEL AMMOUNT



RULES

DATE FROM DEP TEXT DATE FROM DEPARTURE

PERCENTAGE TEXT PERCENTAGE OF CANCEL

REFUND NUMBER REFUND AMMOUNT

TERMS

AGE TEXT AGE OF PASSENGER

SEX TEXT SEX OF PASSENGER

FARE NUMBER FARE OF PASSENGER

RESERVED SEAT

F_CODE TEXT FLIGHT CODE

T_RES_ECO_SEAT NUMBER TOTAL RESERVED ECONOMIC

SEAT

T_RES_EXE_SEAT TEXT TOTAL RESERVED EXECUTIVE

SEAT

T_DATE TEXT TRAVEL DATE

WAITING_NO NUMBER WAOTING LIST



SCREENSHOTS

Home page



CUSTOMER DETAILS



CONCESSION FORM

In this form there are several concession type are shown.



Those concessions are

1. Student

2. Senior citizen.

3. Cancer patient.

4. Blind passenger.

5. Armed force.

6. Youth fare

7. Locomotor

When we click on any one of them the relevant condition are open.

In this form when we clicked on locomotor category

y code «««..7

y class««««.economic

y discount«««50%

y v_o_t««««.1 year

y baggage allowance..20kg

y fare basis ««««.service concerned.



FARE OF ROUTE



ENQUIRY FORM



CANCELLATION FORM

Sunny Kharbanda Major Project

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