Studio Design Safety
Transcript of Studio Design Safety
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Module UO8886
School of Technology
Studio Design - Safety
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My Background
Simon Williamson, Freelance Broadcast Engineer
www.crashrecordtv.co.uk
Email : [email protected]
Operations Supervisor, ITV Central News (Abingdon)
Senior Engineer at BBC TV (London)
BSc Electronic & Electrical Engineering (Birmingham University)
Operational Engineering experience in News, Studios & Facilities
http://www.crashrecordtv.co.uk/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.crashrecordtv.co.uk/ -
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Topics for today
Importance of Safety
Working with Electricity
Overload and Fail-safe Protection
Portable Appliance Testing
Safety in the Studio Manual Handling Awareness
Risk Assessment
In the workplace
On location
Practical Exercise
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The Importance of Safety at Work
Some facts about safety in the UK workplace
250 people lose their lives at work every year
Around 156,000 non-fatal injuries are reported each year
An estimated 2.3 million people suffer from ill health caused or madeworse by work
So what is health and safety all about? Its about preventing peoplefrom being harmed by work or becoming ill by taking the rightprecautions - and providing a satisfactory working environment.
Because health and safety at work is so important, there are ruleswhich require all of us not to put ourselves or others in danger. The lawis also there to protect the public from workplace dangers.
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Health & Safety Executive (HSE)
Health and Safety legislation applies to all businesses, however small;also to the self-employed and to employees.
Who enforces health and safety law?
Inspectors from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or the Local
Authority. HSE deals with factories, farms and building sites, whereasLocal Authorities deal with offices, shops, hotels and catering, andleisure activities.
HSE Inspectors visit workplaces to check that people are sticking to therules. They investigate some accidents and complaints but mainly theyhelp businesses understand what they need to do. They enforce onlywhen something is seriously wrong.
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Safety Issues in the Workplace
1. Tripping / Slipping hazards e.g. wet floors, trailing cables
2. Hazardous substances e.g. cleaning chemicals, dust, fumes
3. Working at heights, on ladders, scaffolding or ledges
4. Manual Handling
5. Working with computer (screens)
6. Noisy environments
7. Working with Electricity
8. Working near or with flammable materials
9. Working with machinery e.g. power saws, drills, etc
10.Stressful environments
Ive named tencan you come up with any more?
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Working with Electricity
Electricity can kill. Each year about 1000 accidents at work involvingelectric shock or burns are reported to the Health and Safety Executive(HSE). Around 30 of these are fatal. Most of these fatalities arise fromcontact with overhead or underground power cables. A current as lowas 30mA, at 230volts, has the potential to be fatal.
Even non-fatal shocks can cause severe and permanent injury. Shocksfrom faulty equipment may lead to falls from ladders, scaffolds or otherwork platforms.
Those using electricity may not be the only ones at risk: poor electrical
installations and faulty electrical appliances can lead to fires which mayalso cause death or injury to others. Most of these accidents can beavoided by careful planning and straightforward precautions.
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Reducing Electrical Risks
Ensure the electrical installation is safe
e.g. appropriate wiring, sockets not overloaded, etc.
Work with suitable equipment
e.g. use hydraulic or hand-powered tools in harsh environments, haveemergency switch-off at close proximity, etc.
Reduce the voltage, if possible
e.g. battery-operated tools, lighting run at 12/25/50 volts, etc.
Use a safety device, such as an RCD
Residual Current Devices can detect faulty wiring, and should beconnected at the earliest point in the supply.
Work safely i.e. make others aware of electrical hazards
Carry out preventative maintenance
e.g. regular visual inspection and testing of installations.
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Overload Protection
Fuses
A piece of wire which melts at a specified current, thereby breaking the supply tothe load. Usually designed to pass an overload for a few seconds. Forexample, a 10A fuse could probably pass 20A for 3-4 seconds before blowing.
Certain pieces of equipment are prone to drawing large switch-on currents,
e.g. old style TV Monitors. Using Anti-Surge fuses will let this current pass, butwill rupture if it is prolonged.
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Overload Protection cont.
MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers)
These are switches which automatically open when the current exceeds somespecified limit. Very common in modern domestic supplies. They can bemagnetically or thermally controlled.
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Device Protection
There are three basic methods of protecting users from shock whenusing electrical equipment.
Direct Earthing (Class I devices)
All exposed metalwork of the equipment is connected to earth, via thegreen/yellow wire in the triple core mains cable. If the line supply
comes into contact with this metalwork, the current will be large enoughto blow the fuse and isolate the equipment.
Double Insulation (Class II devices)
Two independent layers of insulation are provided between the userand the supply conductors (the mains cable can be twin core). One ofthese layers is often just air.
Supply at Low Voltage (Class III devices)
Uses a transformer to step-down the voltage to
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Residual Current Devices (RCDs)
A Residual Current Device (RCD) uses an electronic circuit to detect even thesmallest imbalance between the live and neutral conductors and if it reaches atrigger level, disconnects the circuit. This disconnect is in the order ofmilliseconds and RCDs can be specified to sense fault levels as low as 5mA(typically 30mA). In modern electrical circuits many devices contain filteringcircuits for EMC compliance, some of these circuits contain deliberate "Earth
Leakage" leading to nuisance trips of RCDs.
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Portable Appliance Testing (PAT)
This type of testing is carried out on new equipment purchased byorganisations, or on hired-in equipment and individual mains leads.
Visual InspectionIdentify signs of overheating. Internal inspection; cord security, polarity,
connections. If non-rewirable plug; cord security, burning odours.Correct size fuse fitted. Security of plug cover
Earth Continuity Test
For Class I devices. Typically several amps are passed around theearth path to measure resistive continuity. Should be
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PAT cont.
Insulation Test
Typically 500volts passed across the line supply wire and theequipment earth system. Should measure >1M for Class I and >2Mfor Class II equipment
Optional TestsFlash Test:No flashover or breakdown shall occur
Operation/Load test:Compare reading with stated details on nameplate
Earth leakage test:Class 1 Handheld Appliances 0.75mA
Other Class 1 Appliances 3.5mAClass 2 Appliances 0.25mA
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Safety in the Studio
A typical TV Studio will have a number of potential risks and hazards
Cable runs
Electrical Supplies
Camera Pedestals
Robotic Camera mounts
Lighting Grid
Slung Equipment
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TV News Studio
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Studio Wallbox
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Camera Pedestal
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Lighting Grid
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Slung Monitor
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Manual Handling Awareness
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Manual Handling Awareness
Manual Handling is becoming anissue in a lot of organisations whichhave significantly reduced staffnumbers; employees working aloneoften risk injury through lifting heavyitems which are beyond their limits.
And often the organisation has notinvested in suitable equipment tomake handling/lifting easier.
Diagram illustrates safe weights
which could be lifted by a fit male, atdifferent body positions. Guidepurposes only, every individual willbe different.
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Risky Handling situations
Lifting from the floor. Lifting above head height.
Moving items with arms away from the body.
Working in cold, hot, greasy, humid environments.
Repetitive lifting and carrying.
Twisting and awkward body posture.
Handling loads that are awkward or difficult to hold.
Working on uneven surfaces.
Need to assess the movements and effort needed to carry out the task,and the individual capabilities of the operative. Does the environment
affect things? How much recovery period is allowed?
Are the movements unavoidable?
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Manual Handling Controls
Mechanical aids.e.g. hoists, lifts, etc
Improving the tasks.
Job rotation.
Redesign of the workstation.
Smaller, more manageable loads.
Improved manual handling training.
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Risk Assessment
Most Risk Assessments can be broken down into 3 Sub-headings,leading to 2 Outcomes and an overall assessment of Risk.
What Hazards can be observed?
Who is at risk?
What Controls can be put in place?
The outcomes are the Severity of the Risk and the Likelihood of ithappening.this leads to an Overall Risk Factor.
These outcomes are graded LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH.
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Risk Table
Severity
Low Med High
MR HR HR
MR MR HR
LR LR LR
High
Med
Low
Likelihood
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Example Workplace Risk Assessment
Hazards &Observations
At Risk Controls Severity Likelihood Overall Risk
Electricity(GeneralMaintenance)
Staff 1.Only usecompetentstaff.
2.Techmanualsavailable.
3.No loneworking.
4.Protectivedevices as
appropriate.
5.Signage.
HIGH LOW LOW
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Example Location Risk Assessment
Hazards &Observations
At Risk Controls Severity Likelihood Overall Risk
Filming onboats
Staff &Crew
1.Suitable safecraft.
2.Competentcrew.
3.Goodcommunication
HIGH LOW LOW
Drowning Staff &Crew
1.Emergencyprocedures.
2.Work awayfrom edges.
HIGH LOW LOW
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Blank Risk Assessment Form
Hazards &Observations
At Risk Controls Severity Likelihood Overall Risk
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Covering Fires
As with other disasters the potential risks from major fire situations may include:
Risks from the fire itself.
Secondary explosions (e.g.: factory premises).
Smoke or hazardous fumes.
Buildings collapsing.
Emergency vehicles or heavy rescue machinery. As with other disasters, advice must be taken from the emergency services
regarding safe vantage points, safe distances, protective equipment required.
When covering such incidents fluorescent jackets must be worn by all crewmembers.
Thought must be given to safe filming positions in terms of the risks from
emergency vehicles attending the scene. Crews must keep in regular contact with the relevant news desk and inform
them of any changes in plan, latest advice from the emergency services etc.
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Riot/Civil Disturbance Risk Assessment Form
Hazards &
Observations
At Risk Controls Severity Likelihood Overall Risk
Assault Crew(cameraman mostat risk)
1.Experiencedteam
2.Ongoingassessment
3.Safe
vantage points
4.No singleworking
5.Suitableclothing
6.Take advicefromauthorities
7.Plan escaperoutes
HIGH LOW LOW
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Riot/Civil Disturbance cont.
Hazards &
Observations
At Risk Controls Severity Likelihood Overall Risk
Assault and/orrobbery
Crew 1.As perprevious sheet
2.Allow theftto minimiseharm to crew
3.Use discretefilmingtechniques
HIGH LOW MEDIUM
PsychologicalStress
Crew 1.Havecounsellingservices
available
MEDIUM LOW LOW