Studies on the role of aromatic shrubs in the inhibition of adjacent vegetation. Kotoulas V.,...
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Transcript of Studies on the role of aromatic shrubs in the inhibition of adjacent vegetation. Kotoulas V.,...
Studies on the role of aromatic shrubs in the inhibition of adjacent vegetation.
Kotoulas V., Panagopoulos G., Skouras V., Economou G. and Karamanos J.A.
Laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens.
THE STATE OF THE ART
The biodiversity of aromatic flora in Greece
Typical constituent element of Mediterranean ecosystem
Origanum hirtum Origanum onites
THE STATE OF THE ART
Coridothymus capitatus Satureja thymbra
THE STATE OF THE ART
THE STATE OF THE ART
The classic uses - herbs - medicins - essential oils
"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine
(460-377 B.C.)
THE STATE OF THE ART
The novel uses (industrial use)
- pharmaceutics- cosmetics, - agriculture - antimicrobial
- animal production
• agriculture - antimicrobial - animal production
THE STATE OF THE ART
QUESTION ?
Inhibitory effect on weeds ?
HYPOTHESIS
The inhibitory effect has been stated on oregano
Observation in situ
SCOPE
To study the inhibitory effect of all the “origanum” species indigenous of Greek ecosystems and Mediterranean in general
The longterm aim their effective use in terms of weed
control
APPROACHING THE SCOPE………..
Objectives
In situ assesement of inhibitory effect
In vitro biotests of their phytotoxicity
CASE STUDY
Islands of the north-eastern Aegean sea Ikaria and Fournoi
4 aromatic speciesa. Origanum onitesb. Origanum hirtumc. Coridothymus capitatusd. Satureja thymbra
METHODOLOGY
I. Study of adjacent vegetation during surveys in localized aromatic habitats.
Plot area: 15 m2 (5m x 3m)Richness: Number of the species Coverage: (the vertical projection of plant
canopy on the ground) Importance value: frequency + coverage (Wikum
and Shanholtzer, 1978)
METHODOLOGYII. Biotests a. Avena radicle Determination of 50%
inhibition in radicle elongation
b. Spirodela polyrhiza chlorosis
Determination of 50% Lethal Dose (LD 50%)
Doses: (ml of herbal distillate/ml of dilution)1 (A)0.5 (A/2)0.25 (A/4)0.125 (A/8)0.062 (A/16)0.031 (A/32)0.015 (A/64)0.008 (A/128)
Doses: (ml of herbal distillate/ml of dilution)1 (A)0.5 (A/2)0.25 (A/4)0.125 (A/8)0.063 (A/16)
Dose respone of herbal distillates
RESULTS
Richness
Origanum
onites
Origanum
Hirtum
Thymus
capitatus
Satureja
thymbra
Origanum onites 1 1 1
Origanum hirtum 1 0 1
Thymus capitatus 1 0 1
Satureja thymbra 1 1 1
Ditrichia viscose 1 1 1 1
Ruta graveolens 1 0 0 1
Euphorbia
cyparissias1 0 0 0
Lupinus
angustifolius0 0 1 1
Pteridium
aquilinum1 1 1 0
Arbutus unedo 1 1 1 1
Erica manipuliflora 1 1 1 1
Rubus fruticosis 1 1 0 0
Hypericum
perforatum1 0 1 1
Vitex agnus-castus 1 0 0 0
Salvia officinalis 1 1 1 1
Lavandula vera 1 1 1 1
Spartium junceum 1 1 1 1
Sarcopoterium
spinosum1 1 1 1
Helichrysum
angustifolium1 0 1 1
Cistus parviflorus 1 1 1 1
Quercus coccifera 1 0 1 1
Avena barbata 1 1 1 1
Oryzopsis miliacea 1 1 1 1
Hordeum murinum 1 1 1 1
Silybum marianum 1 0 1 0
Pistacia lentiscus 0 0 1 0
Chrysanthemum
coronarium1 0 1 1
Vicia sativa 0 0 0 1
Total 24 15 21 21
RESULTS
IMPORTANCE VALUE
Sarcopoterium spinosum
Salvia officinalis
Lavandula vera
Satureja thymbra
Spartium junceum
Ditrichia viscose
Hypericum perforatum
Hordeum murinum
Chrysanthemum coronarium
Erica manipuliflora
Euphorbia cyparissias
Quercus coccifera
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Relative Frequency %
Relative Cover %
Importance Value
a. Origanum onites
RESULTS
IMPORTANCE VALUE
b. Origanum hirtum
Cistus parviflorus
Spartium junceum
Pteridium aquilinum
Rubus fruticosis
Satureja thymbra
Sarcopoterium spinosum
Ditrichia viscose
Erica manipuliflora
Salvia officinalis
Oryzopsis miliacea
Hordeum murinum
Origanum onites
Arbutus unedo
Lavandula vera
Avena barbata
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Relative Frequency %Relative Cover %
Importance Value
RESULTS
IMPORTANCE VALUE
c. Coridothymus capitatus
Sarcopoterium spinosum
Salvia officinalis
Origanum onites
Avena barbata
Cistus parviflorus
Silybum marianum
Hordeum murinum
Pistacia lentiscus
Quercus coccifera
Lupinus angustifolius
Chrysanthemum coronarium
0 10 20 30 40 50
Relative Frequency %
Relative Cover %
Importance Value
RESULTS
IMPORTANCE VALUE
d. Satureja thymbra
Sarcopoterium spinosum
Thymus capitatus
Origanum onites
Ditrichia viscose
Helichrysum angustifolium
Salvia officinalis
Hordeum murinum
Chrysanthemum coronarium
Vicia sativa
Ruta graveolens
Quercus coccifera
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Relative Frequency %
Relative Cover %
Importance Value
DOSE RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Average radicle length of oat (cm)
Herbal distillate
Ca (ml/ml)O. onites S. thymbra O. hirtum C. capitatus
Control 11,07 (0)b 11,07 (0) 11,07 (0) 11,07 (0)
0,008 7,09 (36) 9,14 (17) 9,54 (14) 7,04 (36)
0,016 8,62 (22) 8,36 (24) 6,59 (40) 8,98 (19)
0,031 6,23 (44) 8,30 (25) 1,79 (84) 6,85 (38)
0,062 0 (100) 0,55 (95) 0,25 (98) 1,61 (85)
0,125 0 (100) 0 (100) 0 (100) 0 (100)
0,25 0 (100) 0 (100) 0 (100) 0 (100)
0,5 0 (100) 0 (100) 0 (100) 0 (100)
1 0 (100) 0 (100) 0 (100) 0 (100)
ld50c 0,18 (ab)d 0,22 (c) 0,16 (a) 0,20 (bc)
a Concentration (ml/ml), b numbers in parentheses indicate percent inhibition, concentration of the
allelopathic components to cause 50% inhibition of radicle growth as determined by probit
analysis. d Means with the same letter are not significantly different (LSD, P < 0.05).
DOSE RESPONSE ANALYSISResponse of Spirodella polyrhiza to herbal distillates
Leaf chlorosisb
Herbal
distillate Ca
(ml/ml) O. onites S.thymbra O. hirtum C. capitatus
Control 1 1 1 1
0,062 4 4 6 4
0,125 6 5 8 7
0,25 7 6 8 8
0,5 7 7 9 8
1 8 8 9 9
ld50 0,33 0,37 0,16 0,27
a Concentration (ml/ml), b the European Weed Research Society classification
scale of phytotoxicity (1: no symptoms, 9: heavy damage to total kill).
OVERVIEW CONCLUSIONS
In situ observations
Lower richness in O. hirtum
Lower importance value in O. onites
Biotests
O. hirtun showed the higher inhibitory effect
OVERVIEW CONCLUSIONS
CONVERSATION
S. thymbra
O. onites
C. capitatus
O.hirtum
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
carvacrolγ-terpineneortho-cymenecaryophylleneterpinene-4-olδ-careneβ-myrceneborneol
Chemical composition of ethereal oil
Aro
mati
c sh
rub
s
KEY MESSAGES
The identification of the effective constituent
The future effective use
The effective application on farm for
weed control
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!