Štúdie zdravia

prof.MUDr. Martin Rusnák, CSc

Katedra verejného zdravotníctva FZaSP, Trnavská univerzita

rusnakm@truni.sk

ostatná úprava 12/10/08

Čo sú štúdie zdravia Surveys are a critical source of

information for the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies and practices addressing health and health care.

Surveys can provide accurate, unbiased, and generalizable information on population characteristics, risk factors, health status, health-care access, use and insurance coverage, and the health-care system itself.

Všeobecné použitie údajov získaných zo štúdií

identifying public health problems; program planning and evaluation; health education and health promotion; epidemiologic, biomedical, and health

services research; measuring the extent and impact of

illness; and measuring the use of health-care

services, related medical expenditures, and sources of payment for care

Typy štúdií zdravia

Štúdie založené na populácii, ktoré získavajú informácie priamo od subjektov;

Štúdie, ktoré získavajú informácie o rôznych entitách, napr. poskytovateľoch starostlivosti; a

Štúdie založené na administratívnych záznamoch.

Štúdie založené na populácii

Popisujú charakteristiky študovanej populácie;

Populácia môže byť definovaná geograficky, napr. Slovenská republika; alebo

Subpopulácie podľa veku, pohlavia, etnicity, socioekonomických charakteristík;

Subpopulácie podľa zamestnania, ochorenia, ...

Spôsoby získavania informácie

Dotazníky rozposlané poštou, emailom Interview face to face, telefonicky Bias can also be introduced if the

reporting of health status in terms of disease prevalence is dependent on receiving health care. Individuals would have to have visited a health-care provider and received the appropriate tests before they can report that a condition exists.

The eUser population survey 2005

was conducted from 17th January to 4th March 2005 in 10 selected EU member states including: Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom as old and Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia from the new member states. It consisted of 1,000 successful interviews per country (in Ireland: 800)

All interviews were carried out using CATI (computer assisted telephone interviewing) techniques.

Zdroj: http://www.euser-eu.org/Document.asp?MenuID=90

Obmedzenia a výhody telephone penetration, non-pub-numbers and

random dialling techniques. Telephone interviews offer the advantage of

quick and reliable data collection from a central telephone unit for each geographical area selected and hence avoid the disadvantages of spatially clustered surveying.

CATI also offers best field control, automated sample administration, simultaneous data entry and permits a complex branching of the interview flow depending on filter questions and thus allows to apply follow-up questions finely tailored to respondents' previous answers, e.g. to the firm's ICT equipment status.

Účastníci for each country an independent,

representative, multiple stratified random sample was drawn.

The respective samples were drawn on the basis of national telephone directories plus generated telephone numbers (Random Digit Dialling) to account for non-listed numbers.

Within each household identified by the so obtained telephone number, the actual respondent aged 18 years and older was chosen by applying a random procedure ("Birthday key", i.e. the person with the next birthday was interviewed)

Zabezpečenie účasti

In order to achieve an interview with the determined target person the target household had to be contacted up to 12 times.

If nobody could be reached, the household was re-contacted after 60 minutes, if the line was busy, again after 15 minutes.

Use of the Internet and phone-based information services for health information / advice

Consultation with doctor by telephone and e-mail

Štúdie poskytovateľov

provide information on the structure, capacity, and functioning

of that system

The National Health Care Surveys

are a family of provider-based surveys designed to meet the need for objective, reliable information about the organizations and providers that supply health care, the services rendered, and the patients they serve

Zdroj: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhcs.htm

Ambulatory and hospital care

Physician offices: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)

Emergency and outpatient hospital departments: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)

Ambulatory surgery facilities: National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS)

Inpatient hospital departments: National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS)

Long-term care

Nursing homes: National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS)

Home and hospice care providers: National Home and Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS)

Príklad dotazníka

Annual rate of injury-related ED visits for children by diagnosis

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1993/94 1995/96 1997/98 1999/00 2001/02

Year

Vis

its

per

100

per

son

s

ED visits by day of week according to illness or injury

12

14

16

Saturd

ay

Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Per

cent

of v

isits

Štúdie založené na administratívnych záznamoch

Obtaining information from the provider's records provides data of much higher quality at a much lower cost than obtaining the information from the patient.

National Hospital Discharge and Ambulatory Surgery data. This survey first samples hospitals and then obtains information about a sample of stays in the sampled hospitals by reviewing the discharge records.