Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.
-
Upload
lisa-welch -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.
![Page 1: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Stuart S. SumidaBiology 342
(Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes
![Page 2: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
HAGFISHES:•Living relict group of fishes often considered to be amongst most primitive of vertebrates.•Jawless, poorly developed cranial structures, no ossified vertebral elements.
![Page 4: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CONDONTS: Originally thought not to be vertebrates, but their best known components made of same material as teeth and bones (therefore probably from neural crest material)
![Page 5: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CONDONTS: Originally thought not to be vertebrates, but their best known components made of same material as teeth and bones (probably from neural crest material)
![Page 6: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Diversity of extinct jawless fishes
![Page 7: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Note: The Conodontia, the lineage including [arandaspids + heterostracans], and all other fishes form a polychotomy. This mans we know they are all more closely related to one-another, but we don’t have enough data (or the data aren’t clear enough) for us to determine exactly which among the groups are more closely related to one another.
Not exactly satisfying, but the most honest thing to say.
![Page 8: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Arandaspids and Heterostracans:
•Jawless fishes with very bony scales/exoskeletal structures.•Frequently characterized by a tail with adownlard turned major lobe (known as a “hypocercal tail”.
Pharyngeolepis, a heterostracan
![Page 9: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Arandaspis
![Page 10: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lampreys and their relatives:•Lampreys are the last living relicts of a lineage of jawless fishes that stretches as far back as the Devonian.•Living lampreys probably are not like their Devonian relatives.•Note that they do not have paired appendages, only midline fins.
![Page 11: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Osteostraci:
•A group of heavily armored jawless fishes•May have been the first to have paired appendages•Had extensive head shields demonstrating their sensory organs.•The sensory organs included electorecptors.
![Page 12: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PLACODERMI
•Closest relatives of living cartilagenous fishes•Known since Devonian•Big cutting jaw plates, but not true teeth
![Page 15: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PLACODERMI: Closest relatives of living cartilagenous fishes; Known since Devonian; Big cutting jaw plates, but not true teeth
![Page 16: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dave Dunkle and Dunkleosteous
![Page 17: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bothriolepis
![Page 19: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CHONDRICHTHYES: The Cartilagenous Fishes
Includes: sharks, skates and rays, holocephalians
![Page 20: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Iniopterygians
![Page 23: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Helicoprion
![Page 24: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A Chimera (a holocephalian)
![Page 26: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ACANTHODII
•Acanthodians are often referred to as “spiny sharks” – but were not real sharks.•Know as far back as Silurian•Abundant until Early Permian•Generally considered to be the sister-group to bony fishes.
![Page 27: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Reconstructions of Acanthodians
![Page 28: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
OSTEICHTHYES (BONY FISH)
Most diverse groups of vertebratesEnormous diversity of sizes, shapes, habitats.
Includes:•Actinopterygii (“Ray-finned fishes”)•Sarcopterygii (“Lobe-finned fishes”)
(Both groups known as far back as early Devonian)
![Page 29: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Garibaldi: The California State Marine Fish
![Page 30: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 (Simplified)Phylogey of Fishes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649e045503460f94af00d9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)