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International Journal of

Structural Engineering

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Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India

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Engineering and Computer Science Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates

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University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Shalem ErnestNational Institute of Technology Raipur, India

Hitesh SharmaN.I.T Raipur, India

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Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, India

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Hosur, Tamil-Nadu, India

Batool Abd Al-elah Aziz College of Engineering, Department of Civil

Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq

Dr. Turgut Kocaturk Yıldız Technical University,Civil

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Saurabh Prakashrao Nirkhe P.E.S. College of Engineering, Aurangabad. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,

Auranagabad, India

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Sagar Mandya Shankar Visvesvaraya Technological University, mandya,

India

Assoc. Prof. Mesut SimsekYıldız Technical University Civil Engineering

Department Davutpasa Campus Esenler – Istanbul

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis. This journal is part

of the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Structural Engineering

and Analysis issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the

validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Structural Engineering and

Analysis as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific

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International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis focuses on original high-quality research in

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structures and walls, Innovations in design and new technologies, Performance of structures, Repairs,

strengthening, and maintenance.

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Engineering and Analysis and solutions in the area.

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editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Structural Engineering and

Analysis readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Structural Engineering and

Analysis.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Seismic Behavior of Soft Storey Building With Static and Dynamic Earthquake Loading S.P. Nirkhe, A.G. Dahake, V.R. Upadhye 1

2. Flexural Analysis of Thick Beam Subjected to Sine Load Using Refined Shear Deformation Theory P.M. Pankade, D.H. Tupe, G.R. Gandhe 8

3. Assessment of the Factors Influencing Facility Maintenance Problems in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, NigeriaAdeola Taiwo Olusola, Akinola Olanike Oluwatosin, Oladoja Ismaila Olawale 20

4. Review Insight: Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening to Produce Nanograin ParticlesShashank Jain 29

5. Current Trends and Future Prospects in Development of Tall BuildingsAnirudh Mathur 32

Contents

IJSEA (2016) 1–7 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis Vol. 2: Issue 2

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Seismic Behavior of Soft Storey Building With Static and

Dynamic Earthquake Loading

S.P. Nirkhe1*, A.G. Dahake, V.R. Upadhye2 1Department of Civil Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering AND Management Studies, Aurangabad,

Maharashtra, India 2Department of Civil Engineering, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT

Soft storey building played an important role in development of multistoried buildings in India. Functional and Social need to provide car parking space at ground level and for offices open stories at different level of structure far out-weighs the warning against such buildings from engineering community. With the availability of fast computers, so that software usage in civil engineering has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects. In this paper an investigation has been made to study the seismic behavior of soft storey building with different arrangement in soft storey building when subjected to static and dynamic earthquake loading. It is observed that, providing infill improves resistant behavior of the structure when compared to soft storey provided.

Keywords: seismic loads, soft storey, static and dynamic analysis INTRODUCTION Open storey building provides facility for car parking in highly populated areas. Hence the trend has been to utilize the ground storey of the building itself for parking or reception lobbies in the first storey. These types of buildings having no infill masonry walls in ground storey, but all upper storey’s unfilled in masonry walls are called “soft first storey or open ground storey building.” Experience of different nations with the poor and devastating performance of such buildings during earthquakes always seriously discouraged construction of such a building with a soft ground floor. This storey is known as weak storey, because this storey stiffness is lower compare to above storey. So that easily collapses by earthquake. Due to wrong construction practices and ignorance for earthquake resistant design of buildings in our country, most of the existing buildings are

vulnerable to future earthquakes. So, prime importance to be given for the earthquake resistant design. The Indian seismic code IS 1893 (Part1): 2002 classifies a soft storey as “one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above or less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness of the three storey’s above.

Objectives and Scope

Stability of earth is always disturbed due to internal forces and as a result of such disturbance, vibrations or jerks in ear this crust takes place, which is known as an earthquake. Earthquake produces low–high waves which vibrate the base of structure in various manners and directions, so that lateral force is developed on structure. In such buildings, the stiffness of the lateral load resisting

IJSEA (2016) 8-19 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 8


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Flexural Analysis of Thick Beam Subjected to Sine Load Using

Refined Shear Deformation Theory

P.M. Pankade*, D.H. Tupe, G.R. Gandhe Department of Civil Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Dr. BAMU

University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT A Hyperbolic Shear Deformation Theory (HPSDT) taking into account transverse shear deformation effects is used for the static flexure analysis of thick isotropic beams. The displacement field of the theory contains two variables. The hyperbolic sine and cosine function is used in the displacement field in terms of thickness coordinate to represent shear deformation. The transverse shear stress can be obtained directly from the use of constitutive relations, satisfying the shear stress-free boundary conditions at top and bottom of the beam. Hence, the theory obviates the need of shear correction factor. Governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. General solutions of thick isotropic simply supported beam subjected to Single sine load are obtained. Expressions for transverse displacement of beams are obtained and contribution due to shear deformation to the maximum transverse displacement is investigated. The results of the present theory are compared with those of other refined shear deformation theories of beam to verify the accuracy of the theory. Keywords: thick beam, shear deformation, isotropic beam, transverse shear stress, static flexure, hyperbolic shear deformation theory, principle of virtual work

INTRODUCTION

The wide spread use of shear flexible materials in aircraft, automotive, shipbuilding and other industries has stimulated interest in the accurate prediction of structural behavior of beams. Theories of beams involve basically the reduction of a three dimensional problems of elasticity theory to a one-dimensional problems. Since the thickness dimension is much smaller than the longitudinal dimension, it is possible to approximate the distribution of the displacement, strain and stress components in the thickness dimension. The various methods of development of refined theories based on the reduction of the three dimensional problems of mechanics of elastic bodies are discussed by Gol denveizer,[1] Kil

chevskiy,[2] Donnell,[3] Vlasov and Leontev,[4] Sayir and Mitropoulos.[5] It is well-known that elementary theory of bending of beam based on Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis that the plane sections which are perpendicular to the neutral layer before bending remain plane and perpendicular to the neutral layer after bending, implying that the transverse shear and transverse normal strains are zero. Thus the theory disregards the effects of the shear deformation. It is also known as classical beam theory. The theory is applicable to slender beams and should not be applied to thick or deep

IJSEA (2016) 20-28 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 20


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Assessment of the Factors Influencing Facility Maintenance

Problems in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria

Adeola Taiwo Olusola1*, Akinola Olanike Oluwatosin1, Oladoja Ismaila Olawale2 1Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria

2Department of Estate Management, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria

ABSTRACT This survey is carried to assess the facility maintenance challenges in higher institutions of learning by adopting Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. The study particularly examined those factors that contribute to maintenance problems and those that influence maintenance programme on the institutional buildings in the study area. Structured questionnaires were distributed to respondents and the results were analyzed. Findings revealed that untimely replacement of defective fitting is the main maintenance challenge in the institution; this can be attributed to inadequate funding which is also a major factor responsible for maintenance problems in the institution. The study also shows that the end users’ need was rarely considered at the planning stage while no plan was put in place for the maintenance work on the buildings except daily cleaning. These factors among others contributed to the maintenance problems in the institution. It was recommended that educational planners and policy makers should ensure that adequate budget provision is made for facilities maintenance and management which must also include cost of technology in order to ensure the sustainability of the infrastructure. Keywords: facility, fittings, institutional building, maintenance, management

INTRODUCTION Facilities management is an integral part of the overall management in a learning environment. Facilities management according to the Centre for Facilities Management is “the process by which an organization delivers and sustains support services in a quality environment to meet strategic needs”.[1] The provision of adequate facilities management can be said to provide best value for the facilities and building services in any organization.[2] This is because it keeps the facility in good working condition and makes it available for its lifecycle. The condition of facilities in a learning environment determines the performance of not only the tutors but also the scholars.[3] Learning process is deemed to be hindered and academic productivity

decline when facilities’provisions are inadequate or dysfunctional. Constant property maintenance is an absolute necessity for improved real estate investments. Maintenance focuses on sustenance and conservation of existing buildings with a view to retaining their structural stability and functionalities.[3] Asiabaka noted that the actualization of the goals and objectives of education requires provision, maximum utilization and appropriate management of the facilities.[4] With the advancement in science and technology, there is need to adopt contemporary facilities management techniques to improve higher institution learning process. Studies by Jekayinka; Suleiman and Atiku, Crie and Babatope



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Review Insight: Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening to

Produce Nanograin Particles

Shashank Jain* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, UP, India

ABSTRACT

Tedious folding and rectifying (RCS) is an as of late created serious plastic distortion procedure to deliver Ultra-Fine Grain (UFG) materials. The initial step is completed by twisting the work piece to a ridged shape, and the second step is expert by fixing the layered work piece between two level platens. The preparing cycle can be rehashed ordinarily. Keywords: finite element modeling, repetitive corrugation straightening, severe plastic deformation

INTRODUCTION

Extreme plastic twisting (SPD) is one of the strategies for acquiring fine crystalline structure in various mass metals and combinations, which have distinctive crystallographic structure. SPD causes the development of micrometer and sub-micrometer estimated sub-grains in the first coarse grain materials. As a consequence of that upgraded mechanical execution is watched. The instrument in charge of this impact is still under scrutiny, in any case, it is trusted that short and long-go converging shear groups created by plastic disfigurement assume a noteworthy part at grain subdivision and neighborhood dynamic recuperation and recrystallization forms add to grain refinement. Adequately expansive misshapening prompts a particular structure of disengagement free and very mis-arranged fine grains. At the point when characterizing a submicron grain structure the vital parameters, which are matter of concern, are normal separating of high edge grain limits (HAGB) and extent of HAGB range. The auxiliary changes brought about by SPD are reflected in

enhanced mechanical properties of metals. The reported impacts incorporate expanded hardness and yield stress, both highlighting inclination to immersion. The disadvantage of ultrafine grained structure materials is their constrained malleability. Some other examination uncovered expanded pliability and strength and additionally enhanced dumping and physical properties. The fine grained structure of UFG materials acquired by SPD prompts superplastic conduct of these materials at lower temperatures but then with higher twisting rates.[1,2] Huge plastic strains somewhere around 1 and 15 can be forced in chips shaped via plane-strain (2-D) machining of metals and compounds. This methodology has been utilized to analyze microstructure changes actuated by substantial strain misshapening in model frameworks – copper and its combinations, Precipitation – hardenable aluminum compounds, high quality materials, for example, titanium, Inconel 718 and 52100 steel, and a nebulous amalgam. It is demonstrated that materials with normal grain sizes in the



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Current Trends and Future Prospects in Development of Tall

Buildings

Anirudh Mathur* Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi, India

ABSTRACT

From 19th century onwards development of tall buildings emerges and till now rapidly developing in all over the world. Especially in metro cities like Delhi-NCR, Mumbai, etc. growth rate for tall buildings were high which leads to destroy overall cycle of humans, animals and plants. Main factors need to be concerning is global warming and ozone layer depletion. Keywords: global warming, tall buildings INTRODUCTION

Tall structures all through the world are getting to be famous step by step. With the appearance of advanced development innovation and PCs, the fundamental point has been to develop more secure structures keeping in perspective the general financial aspects of the venture. An elevated structure, loft tower, office tower, condo piece, or square of pads, is a tall building or structure utilized as a private as well as office use. In a few regions they might be alluded to as “Multi Dwelling Unit” or “Vertical urban communities.” They can possibly decongest the urban sprawl on the ground level, and increment the urban thickness, lodging higher number of families in lesser space. Benefits incorporate they go about as points of interest; make remarkable horizon and proficient area use. In spite of the fact that there is no exact definition that is all around acknowledged, different bodies have attempted to characterize what “high-rise” implies[1–4]: The term “high-rise building” means

any building having an occupied floor(s) located more than 75 feet

above the lowest level of Fire Department vehicle access.

The Mumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) proposed that any building with a height of 30 m (nine floors) be categorized as a high rise. This is an increase of 6 m from the existing definition (24 m or seven floors).

But from the structural point of view it

can be defined as the a building that its height will be affected by lateral forces resulting from earthquakes and wind forces to extent that such forces will play a major role in the process of design.

In interior structural system, the major part of the lateral load-resisting system is located within the interior of the building. Whereas in exterior structural system, the lateral loads resisting system, is located along the building perimeter.

RESEARCH INSIGHT

Indian cities are witnessing immense demographic expansion due to migration from surrounding villages, leading to urban sprawl, housing demand, rise in cost

Mechanical Engineering

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Architecture

Applied Mechanics

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Nanotechnology« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

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Chemistry

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Biotechnology

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Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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Structural Engineering

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www.journalspub.com

Structural Engineering and Analysis Vol 2 Issue 2

Education

Transcript of Structural Engineering and Analysis Vol 2 Issue 2