Structual Fire Precaution Part 1

7/27/2019 Structual Fire Precaution Part 1

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STRUCTURAL FIREPRECAUTIONS PART 1


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Scope of Presentation

Objectives of Structural Fire Precautions

Needs for Compartmentation

Clarification of Clauses Conclusion


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Objectives of Structural Fire

Precautions

(a) To prevent the spread of fire between adjoiningbuildings by adequate separation;

(b) To prevent the untimely collapse of building, includingwalls and floors of each unit in the event of a fire.

(c) To prevent spread of fire from one unit to anotherwithin the building envelope by compartmentalisingeach unit with walls, floors and doors having therequisite fire resistance rating.


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Compartmentation

Limits the size of the fire.

Goal of compartmentation is confining a fire

and minimizing risk of loss of occupants by

segregating a space to control the spread the

fire.

Most common failure of compartmentation?

Leaving a door open.


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Compartmentation

Response

Structure

Protection

Smoke

Management

Escape
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Compartmentation

Compartmentation by:-Area/Cubical Extent (Clause 3.2.1)

- Height (Clause 3.2.4)

-Residential II (Clause 3.2.5(a))

-Purpose Group (Clause 3.2.5(b))

-Basement Clause 3.2.5(c))

-Others (FCC, kitchen etc)

TABLE 3.2A SIZE LIMITATION OF BUILDING AND COMPARTMENT

(1)

Compartments

(2)

Maximum

Floor Area

(3)

Maximum

Cubical Extent

Compartment below ground level. No

compartment to comprise more than one storey.

2000m 7500m

Compartments between average ground level and

a height of 24m. No compartment to comprise

more than 3 storeys.

4000m 15000m

Compartments above a height of 24m from

average ground level. No compartment to

comprise more than one storey.

2000m 7500m

Note: Except Purpose Group I


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Compartmentation


- Height (Clause 3.2.4)-Residential II (Clause 3.2.5(a))





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Compartmentation


- Height (Clause 3.2.4)-Residential II (Clause 3.2.5(a))





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Clause 3.2.3 Where however, the Relevant Authority is satisfied thatadditional floor area and cubical extent are necessary for any such building or

compartment or part thereof, as aforesaid, he may consent to such additional

floor area and cubical extent, provided :

(a) Such building or compartment thereof is fitted throughout with an

automatic sprinkler system which complies with the requirements in Chapter

6,

(b) There is proper accessibility of site to fire fighting appliances, in

compliance with the requirements in Chapter 4,

(c) All other measures have been or will be taken and maintained for lessening

so far as is reasonably practicable, any danger from fire.

Such consent shall continue in force only while such building or compartment

is used for the purposes in respect of which such consent was given.


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To avoid providing fire compartmentation in building to comply

with the cubical extent and floor area control under Table 3.2A,

automatic sprinkler system would be proposed as an

alternative. Where automatic sprinkler system is to be provided

to a building, compliance with Table 3.2A on max. 3 storeys per

compartment is still required, unless atrium design is proposed

subject to obtaining SCDF (FSSD)s prior approval beforesubmission of building plan.

Source : Handbook 2002 Volume 5


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Mixed Development Mixed Development

Compartment of 3 storeys /atrium design (with sprinkler protection)

Acceptable


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Mixed Development Mixed Development

Compartment more with more than single storeys (with sprinkler

protection)

Not Acceptable


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3.2.2 (b) Where two buildings are connected byexternal open-sidedcovered way or covered link-bridge, the buildings areconsidered as separate buildings, if the following conditionsare complied with:(i) Within the covered way or link-bridge there is no

commercial activities or other usage that would pose afire risk;(ii) The width of the covered way or covered link-bridgeshall not exceed 5m measured from eave to eave.

Building A Building BGround

Level

Linkage

Building

A

Building

BLinkage

Section View Plan View


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3.2.2 (b) Where two buildings are connected byexternal open-sidedcovered way or covered link-bridge, the buildings areconsidered as separate buildings, if the following conditionsare complied with:(i) Within the covered way or link-bridge there is no

commercial activities or other usage that would pose afire risk;(ii) The width of the covered way or covered link-bridgeshall not exceed 5m measured from eave to eave.


Level

Linkage

Building

A

Building

BLinkage


Air-Well Size should

be Minimum 93 sqmand 6m Apart


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15


Level

Linkage

Building

A

Building

BLinkage


Minimum Air-Well

Size should be based

on

Table 1.2.29

(min. 10 by 10m)

Staircase

ventilation thru

air-well

3.2.2 (b) Where two buildings are connected byexternal open-sidedcovered way or covered link-bridge, the buildings areconsidered as separate buildings, if the following conditionsare complied with:

(i) Within the covered way or link-bridge there is nocommercial activities or other usage that would pose afire risk;(ii) The width of the covered way or covered link-bridgeshall not exceed 5m measured from eave to eave.


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FIRE SEPARATION OF

PRUPOSE GROUPS

Clause 3.2.5 (b)

Table 1.2 B Designation of Purpose Group

1

Mixed Development

Note:

Currently the Fire Code Review

Committee is reviewing the usage

in commercial Development


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FIRE SEPARATION OF

PRUPOSE GROUPS

Clause 3.2.5 (b)

Rooms or spaces for ancillary usage

located within a building or

compartment of Purpose Group III,

IV, V, Vi, VII and VIII as stipulated

under cl.1.2.2(B).


1

2

Mixed Development

Refer to 1.2.2(B) (a) The ancillary

office, sick room/first aid room,

reception lobby/area, waiting area,

staff lounge/staff recreation room,

staff rest room/pantry, staff

changing/locker room, etc.


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FIRE SEPARATION OF

PRUPOSE GROUPS

Clause 3.2.5 (b)

Ancillary offices located within a

building or compartment of

Purpose Group III, V, VI, VII and

VIII.





under cl.1.2.2(B).


1

2

3

Mixed Development

FIRE SEPARATION OF


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FIRE SEPARATION OF

PRUPOSE GROUPS

Clause 3.2.5 (b)

Ancillary offices located within a

building or compartment of

Purpose Group III, V, VI, VII and

VIII.





under cl.1.2.2(B).


For building types not included in theabove tables, occupancy load

calculation shall be based on the

figures established for buildings within

the same purpose group, or as

otherwise determined by

the Relevant Authority.

1

2

3

4

Mixed Development


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Under Clause 3.2.5 (d), can you

install multi tiers car parksystem in basement car park?


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Clause 3.2.5 (d) - In any compartment below pavement level, nocompartment shall comprise more than one storey, except in the case of

purpose groups IV, V and VII as permitted under sub-clause (c) (ii) and in

the case of basement used solely for car parking. No part of a basement

storey shall be used for the bulk storage of highly inflammable liquids or

substances of an explosive nature.

Answer is NOTo comply with Clause 1.1.7

Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park (FAMCP)


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Clause 3.2.5 (f) Kitchen SeparationNotwithstanding all the above, the compartment where

open flame cooking activities is carried out shall not

comprise more than one storey.

Kitchen


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Clause 3.2.5 (f) Kitchen SeparationNotwithstanding all the above, the compartment

where open flame cooking activities is carried out

shall not comprise more than one storey.

Kitchen

Fire Alarm Activation

Smoke curtain


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Clause 3.2.5(j) (iii) Kitchen shall be enclosed with minimum 1-hour fire

rated compartment wall, including -hour fire rated door. Kitchen can

be located within each floor, but shall not be within the dormitory

bedroom.Dormitory

No Fire Door Needed

External Corridor corridor

to comply with cl.2.9.3 and cl.2.9.4

Dormitory


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3.2.5 (o) Areas of Special Hazard(ii) Rooms housing transformer containing flammable liquid and

generator rooms shall be located against

an external wall.

Transformer room-Transformers that is dry type no need to face external wall

-Oil cooled type are to be located against an external wall above ground level to

allow for external ventilation and explosion relief.

external wall

Transformer


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3.2.5 (o) Areas of Special Hazard(ii) Rooms housing transformer containing flammable liquid and generator

rooms shall be located against an external wall.

Transformer roomOpening of the external walls can be based on at least 10% of the floor

area for natural ventilation of the transformer room

external wall

Transformer


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Transformer

Transformer can be

located in basement but

ventilation openings to

directly open to sky


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Conclusion

Compartmentation is essential part of

Structural Fire Precautions

Part 2 - To prevent the spread of fire between

adjoining buildings by adequate separation

Structual Fire Precaution Part 1

Documents

Transcript of Structual Fire Precaution Part 1