PBL PROJECT

FUNDAMENTALS OF

MANUFACTURING

PROCESSES

MEE 205TOPIC : COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT MATERIALSGUIDED BY

PROF. DEIVANATHAN RPREPARED BY:

SHUBHAM KUMAR 12BME0146

SANDEEP KUMAR 12BME0491

ABHISHEK CHANDRAKAR 12BME0444

ABHINAV PATHAK 12BME0514

GAURAV GOYAL 12BME0086

AMITESH GAVEL 12BME0081

OBJECTIVES

To find and study the mechanical properties

of materials and compare them by plotting

the graph.

Materials are -:

Brass

Mild steel

Aluminium

TYPES OF MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES

Tensile strength->it is the maximum stress that a material

can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing

or breaking. Tensile strength is the opposite of compressive

strength.

Hardness ->it is a measure of how resistant solid matter is

to various kinds of permanent shape change when a force is

applied.

CONT…

Ductility-> It is a solid material's ability to deform under

tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's

ability to be streched.

Young's modulus-> It is defined as the ratio of the stress

along an axis over the strain along that axis in the range of

stress in which Hooke's law holds.

WORK PLAN

We will take these three materials, measure their mechanical properties using respective instrument as mentioned above.

We will plot the graph of properties these materials and do their compare their strength.

We will study the importance of each material and its importance in different fields manufacturing industries.

Forc

e, F

(N

)

Elongation, Dl (m)

Plastic Deformation

Elastic Deformation

THE TENSILE TEST

Equations

F

A

Stress

In Pa or N.mm2

0

Le

L

D Strain

No units

Elastic Behavior

E e

Hooke’s Law

E= Young’s modulus

A measure of stiffness

Tensile Test

Tension test is carried out; to obtain the stress-

strain

diagram, to determine the tensile properties and

hence to get valuable information about the

mechanical behavior and the engineering

performance of the material. The major

parameters

that describe the stress-strain

Curve obtained during the tension test are the

I. Tensile strength (UTS)

II. Yield strength

III. Elastic modulus (E)

IV. Toughness

V. Ductility

PROPERTIES OBTAINED FROM TENSILE TEST

Young's Modulus: This is the slope of the linear portion of the stress-strain curve, it is usually specific to each material; a constant, known value.

Ultimate Tensile Strength: This is the highest value of stress on the stress-strain curve.

Ductility: It is the measure of the plastic deformation that has been sustained at fracture point.

10

ALUMINIUM

GENERAL PROPERTIES

General information

Chemical formula: Al

Molecular weight:

It is the second most malleable metal and sixth most ductile.

Composition

1000 series (Al, Si)

3000 series (Al, Mn, Cu, Mg, Si, Fe)

5000 series ( Al, Mg, Mn, Si, Fe, Zn)

8000 series (Al, Sn, Ni, Si, Fe)

26.98

PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM

Physical Properties Density: 2.7 g/cm3

melting point : approx 5800C

Mechanical properties

Young's modulus - 45-72 GPa

Poisson's ratio - 0.33

Tensile Strength - 70-360 MPa

Hardness- Vickers - 30-100 Hv

Yield Strength - 30- 286 MPa

Compressive strength – 30- 286 MPa

Elongation - 2-41 %

TABLE OF RESULTS EXPLAINED

GRAPH (ALUMINIUM)

CALCULATIONS

Ultimate Tensile Strength= 97

MPa

Yield Point = 74 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity= 48.69

Gpa

*As per the Graphical Values.

COMPOSITION

Alloy (copper with 5-40% zinc)

PROPERTIES

Young’s modulus 90-

110 GPa

Yield strength 95-

500 MPa

Tensile strength 310-

550 MPa

Elongation 5-60

%

Vickers hardness 65-

220 HV

Good malleability and corrosion resistance

Table of results explained

GRAPH(BRASS)

CALCULATIONS

Young’s modulus is the gradient of the

straight line

Modulus of Elasticity= 105.33 GPa

Yield Strength= 158 MPa

Ultimate Tensile Strength= 220MPa

*As per the Graphical Values

COMPOSITON AND PROPERTIES OF MILD

STEEL Also known as Low-Carbon Steel.

Composition:-

• Ferum: 99.70%wt - 99.98%wt

• Carbon: 0.02%wt – 0.25%wt

General properties:

• Density: 7800 – 7900 kgm-3

Mechanical properties:

Modulus of Elasticity 100 – 150 GPa

Yield Strength 130 – 200 MPa

Tensile Strength 345 – 580 MPa

Elongation 26% – 47%

Hardness 107.5 – 172.5 HV

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND

STRAIN FOR MILD STEEL

CALCULATIONS

Modulus of Elasticity= 105.8 GPa

Yield Strength= 140 MPa

Ultimate Tensile Strength= 155 MPa

*As per the Graphical Values

7.1 WHY DO WE COMPARE?

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•Allows trends to be identified and plotted.

•To determine how are results might effect real life

applications.

•To develop a standard, with which to compare others.

•It allows us to predict what might happen in later

experiments (e.g. What a combination of the materials

might exhibit).

OUR RESULTS

7.3 INTERPRETATION

The three metals behaved in very different

ways.

Aluminium was the softest, more ductile of the

three samples.

Brass behaved in a less ductile manner.

Order of toughness as obtained from graph:

Mild Steel < Aluminium < Brass

The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) varied

greatly between metals.30

It is clear from the graph that....

7.4 APPLICATION- ALUMINIUM

Low energy plastic deformation.

Low Density- Lightweight.

Highly recyclable.

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Key properties:

Key Properties:

32

7.4 Application- Brass

• Relatively Low Density.

• Higher elastic/plastic limit than aluminium, however still relatively low- malleable.

• Corrosive/tarnish resistant due to its zinc content.

• Decorative.

Key

Properties:

33

7.4 Application- Mild Steel

• High UTS

• Very “stiff”- ideal for a wide

range of civil applications.

• Cheap, carbon content.

THANK

YOU