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Stormwater chasing…

Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council

• Nonprofit formed in 1979

• 9 staff

• Over 2,200 members

• The Watershed Council is dedicated to protecting our lakes, rivers, wetlands, and ground water through respected advocacy, innovative education, technically sound water quality monitoring, and thorough research.

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Tip of the Mitt Watershed CouncilTip of the Mitt Watershed Council

CORE PROGRAMS:CORE PROGRAMS:

2. Advocate2. Advocate

3. Plan3. Plan

4. Monitor4. Monitor

5. Restore5. Restore

1. Educate1. Educate

TOMWC Service Area

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WHAT IS STORMWATER RUNOFF? WHAT IS STORMWATER RUNOFF? WHAT IS STORMWATER RUNOFF? WHAT IS STORMWATER RUNOFF?

Stormwater runoff occurs when precipitation from rain or snowmelt flows over the ground. Impervious surfaces like driveways, sidewalks, and streets prevent stormwater from naturally soaking into the ground.

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH STORMWATER RUNOFF? WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH STORMWATER RUNOFF? WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH STORMWATER RUNOFF? WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH STORMWATER RUNOFF?

Stormwater can pick up debris, chemicals, dirt, and other

pollutants and flow into a storm sewer system or directly to

a lake, stream, river, wetland, or coastal water. Anything that

enters a storm sewer system is discharged untreated into

the water bodies we use for swimming, fishing, and providing

drinking water.

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WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF STORMWATER POLLUTION? WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF STORMWATER POLLUTION? WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF STORMWATER POLLUTION? WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF STORMWATER POLLUTION?

Degrades aquatic ecosystems and contaminates of drinking water sources:

•Sediments:Sediments:Sediments:Sediments: habitat loss, oxygen depletion, thermal, nutrients.

•Thermal pollution:Thermal pollution:Thermal pollution:Thermal pollution: water temps increase & affect fish, etc.

•Excess nutrients:Excess nutrients:Excess nutrients:Excess nutrients: algal blooms, oxygen depletion, cyanobacteria

•BacteriaBacteriaBacteriaBacteria and other pathogens: human/animal origins, public health threat

•Debris:Debris:Debris:Debris: can choke, suffocate, or disable aquatic life.

•Toxins:Toxins:Toxins:Toxins: household (insecticides, pesticides, paint) and automotive (oil, grease, antifreeze, cadmium, and other metals).

•Erosion:Erosion:Erosion:Erosion: channel scouring and stream bank erosion.

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Stormwater Falls, Bay Front Park, Petoskey 2008Stormwater Falls, Bay Front Park, Petoskey 2008Stormwater Falls, Bay Front Park, Petoskey 2008Stormwater Falls, Bay Front Park, Petoskey 2008

Glens Plaza Stormwater, Tannery Creek, Glens Plaza Stormwater, Tannery Creek, Glens Plaza Stormwater, Tannery Creek, Glens Plaza Stormwater, Tannery Creek, Petoskey Petoskey Petoskey Petoskey 2011201120112011

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The goal of the Little Traverse Bay

Watershed Protection Project is to

protect and enhance the water quality

of the Bay and its tributaries by

reducing current and future nonpoint

source pollution/polluted runoff.

� Stormwater

� Nutrient pollution

� Shoreline erosion and alterations

� Aquatic invasive species

Threats to Little Traverse Bay

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Stormwater in the Little Stormwater in the Little Stormwater in the Little Stormwater in the Little Traverse Bay WatershedTraverse Bay WatershedTraverse Bay WatershedTraverse Bay Watershed

Mostly urban concerns:

Petoskey

Harbor Springs

Bay Harbor

Walloon Lake Village

Highways and roads:

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Simple Method for estimating pollutant export from urban development sites.

Pollutant coefficients taken from from New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual

Table A.1. National Median Concentrations for Chemical Constituents in Stormwater table

Smullen, J., and K. Cave.1998. “Updating the U.S. Nationwide Urban Runoff Quality Database.”

3rd International Conference on Diffuse Pollution: August 31 - September 4, 1998.

Scottish Environment Protection Agency. Edinburg, Scotland.

L=[(P)(Pj)(Rv)/12](C)(A)(2.72)

P = rainfall depth (inches)over the desired time interval.

Pj = factor that corrects P for storms that produce no runoff.

Rv = runoff coefficient, which expresses the fraction of rainfall which is converted into runoff.

C = flow-weighted mean concentration of the pollutant in urban runoff (mg/l).

A = area of the development site (acres).

12, 2.72 are unit conversion factors.

PETOSKEY

Load - Total Phosphorus

Load (lbs/yr) P Pj Rv C A % Imperv Comments

31.79 4.1 1.0 0.059 0.26 2230 1 Undeveloped - 100 yr. storm

223.28 32 0.9 0.059 0.26 2230 1 Undeveloped - Average annual precipitation

175.75 4.1 1.0 0.32621 0.26 2230 30.7 Developed - 100 yr. storm

1234.50 32 0.9 0.32621 0.26 2230 30.7 Developed - Average annual precipitation

Load - Sediment

Load (lbs/yr) P Pj Rv C A % Imperv Comments

6662.87 4.1 1.0 0.059 54.5 2230 1 Undeveloped - 100 yr. storm

46802.62 32 0.9 0.059 54.5 2230 1 Undeveloped - Average annual precipitation

36838.91 4.1 1.0 0.32621 54.5 2230 30.7 Developed - 100 yr. storm

258770.88 32 0.9 0.32621 54.5 2230 30.7 Developed - Average annual precipitation

TABLE 8: Little Traverse Bay Watershed Storm Sewer Survey Summary

Bay Harbor

Harbor Springs

Petoskey Walloon Lake Village

Area of Direct Stormwater Drainage (acres) 308 348 2,230 327

Land Use (% of acreage)

Undeveloped/natural 25 19 39 67

Commercial/industrial 28 17 22 2

Residential 47 64 38 31

Overall Impervious Cover (%) 33 34 31 14

Number of Storm Sewer Outfalls 22 18 25 5

Estimated Annual Pollutant Export (lbs/year)

Phosphorus 179 452 1,235 101

Sediment 37,554 94,694 258,771 21,184

Zinc 89 224 613 50

Copper 8 19 53 4

Comparative Pollutant Export

10-10-10 Fertilizer (50 lb bags) 36 90 247 20

Aquatic plant growth (lbs) 89,600 225,900 617,250 50,550

Soil (dump truck loads) 1.6 3.9 10.8 0.9

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Monitoring the problem…

Currently monitoring stormwater at:

�Petoskey (3)

�Boyne City (2)

�East Jordan (2)

When? Spring, Summer, Fall

How? 3 Automated Samplers

Costs? $1000s for lab analyses

Stormwater chasing…

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Monitoring results…

PETOSKEY STORMWATER MONITORING 2011-2012

Sample site Date

PO4-P

(ug P/L)

TP

(ug P/L)

NO3-N

(ug N/L)

NH4-N

(ug N/L)

TN

(ug N/L)

Cl

(mg C/L)

TSS

(mg/l)

DOC

(mg C/L)

Standish 8/21/2011 25.0 50.9 298.7 15.2 472.0 11.9 69.4 7.4

Standish 10/14/2011 16.5 23.2 756.8 17.2 1414.0 28.5 100.0 39.0

Standish 4/15/2012 29.5 151.2 583.1 204.8 1607.0 148.3 156.0 13.5

PondBMP 8/21/2011 9.5 33.7 184.1 79.4 848.0 7.1 104.4 57.5

PondBMP 10/14/2011 17.7 29.4 485.3 16.2 1021.0 34.8 14.7 10.6

PondBMP 4/15/2012 42.6 65.6 544.6 115.5 1738.0 84.2 67.0 20.2

Elizabeth 8/21/2011 6.5 151.1 7.9 99.4 682.0 23.7 356.2 23.2

Elizabeth 10/14/2011 440.8 451.3 374.9 23.7 1383.0 25.2 82.0 45.7

Elizabeth 4/15/2012 60.7 88.2 319.4 188.3 1273.0 106.9 136.0 16.8

Sample site Date

E. Coli

(#/100ml)

Arsenic

(mg/l)

Cadmium

(mg/l)

Chromium

(mg/l)

Lead

(mg/l)

Mercury

(mg/l)

Zinc

(mg/l)

OilGrease

(mg/l)

Standish 8/21/2011 >2419.6 ND ND ND 0.004 ND 0.08 ND

Standish 10/14/2011 1900 ND ND 0.010 0.008 ND 0.11 4.0

Standish 4/15/2012 687 ND ND 0.010 0.008 0.0006 0.07 ND

PondBMP 8/21/2011 1120 ND ND ND 0.013 ND 0.17 ND

PondBMP 10/14/2011 3900 ND ND ND 0.110 ND 0.10 ND

PondBMP 4/15/2012 153 ND ND ND 0.007 0.0006 0.14 3.9

Elizabeth 8/21/2011 >2419.6 ND ND ND 0.020 ND 0.19 ND

Elizabeth 10/14/2011 260000 ND ND ND 0.007 ND 0.12 ND

Elizabeth 4/15/2012 >2419.6 ND ND ND 0.012 0.0005 0.13 2.8

Constituent Units

Urban

Runoff

TP ug/l 260.000

TN ug/l 2000.000

TSS mg/l 54.500

Cu mg/l 0.011

Pb mg/l 0.051

Zn mg/l 0.129

How to put a STOP to the problem…

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Stormwater Recommendations• Information and education campaign to residents, businesses, and local government officials.

• Improved mapping, monitoring, and assessment.

• Installation of treatment structures.

Elizabeth Street Stormwater Diffuser, Bear River, Elizabeth Street Stormwater Diffuser, Bear River, Elizabeth Street Stormwater Diffuser, Bear River, Elizabeth Street Stormwater Diffuser, Bear River, Petoskey Petoskey Petoskey Petoskey 2011201120112011

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Stormwater Treatment in PetoskeyStormwater Treatment in PetoskeyStormwater Treatment in PetoskeyStormwater Treatment in Petoskey

Sumps & Underground StorageSumps & Underground StorageSumps & Underground StorageSumps & Underground Storage

Additional Structural BMP InstallationsAdditional Structural BMP InstallationsAdditional Structural BMP InstallationsAdditional Structural BMP Installations

EEEExample: Downstream Defenderxample: Downstream Defenderxample: Downstream Defenderxample: Downstream Defender

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Stormwater Recommendations: � Develop model stormwater ordinance language for the

watershed and support adoption and enforcement of stormwater ordinances (Gaps).

� Create system for local governments to evaluate development or redevelopment projects (EPA).

� Work cooperatively with local units of government to develop stormwater management plans (EPA).

� Implement priorities identified in stormwater management plans using a variety of methods and tools.

Walking the talk at Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council

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Walking the talk at Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council

Walking the talk at Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council

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Kevin CronkMonitoring and Research Coordinatorkevin@watershedcouncil.org