Stor-skala taredyrking: Faktorer der kan påvirke ogspiller inn på naturlige økosystemer

En presentasjon av KELPPRO: Kelp industrial production: Potential

impacts on coastal ecosystems

Kasper Hancke

For Algenett Nord via video

17 Desember 2018

Bilder: SES, NIVA og Tango Seaweed

Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)

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Kasper: Education and positions

• 2002 MSc in Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Uni. of Copenhagen

• 2003-2007 PhD in Marine Algae Ecology, NTNU, Norway

• 2007-2010 Post doc on Primary Production and Ocean optics, IMR, Norway

• 2010-2011 Research coordinator at NTNU, Norway

• 2011-2014 Post doc Benthic & Pelagic Biogeochemistry, Uni. of Southern Denmark (SDU)

• 2015-2016 Researcher in Arctic Ecology. Aarhus Univ.

• 2016 – Researcher in Coastal Ecology. NIVA

Prosjektleder for et nytt forskningsprosjekt.

NFR - 2017-2020

KELPPROKelp industrial production: Potential

impacts on coastal ecosystems

17.12.2018Kasper Hancke et al.

KELPPROKelp industrial production: Potential impacts on coastal ecosystems

• Project lead: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA, Kasper Hancke)

• Scientific partners: SINTEF, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),

Akvaplan-NIVA, Institute of Marine Research (HI), University of Southern Denmark

(SDU)

• Industrial partners: Seaweed Energy Solutions (SES), Hortimare

• Duration: 2017-2020 (4 years)

• Funding: Research Council of Norway

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Why spend time on environmental impacts?

Image: SES/J Funderud 2016

Sangou Bay, China

17.12.2018Kasper Hancke 5Image: SES/J Funderud 2016

Why spend time on environmental impacts?

• Global seaweed production >26 mill. ton (FAO 2016)

• In Norway, current production is low (145 tons in 2017), but

• the future prospect is 20 mill. tonn by 2050 (Olafsen 2012)

• This requires an area of 2000-3000 km2, equivalent almost to the

size of Hardangervidda national park

• Globally, estimate potential seaweed production is

~several billion tons year-1 (e.g. Bjerregaard et al 2017)

17.12.2018Kasper Hancke 6Image: SES/J Funderud 2016

Why spend time on environmental impacts?

www.visitnorway.com

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• Potensialet for vekst i dyrkning av makroalger

anses som betydelig, med anvendelser som mat,

fôr, næringsstoffer, kjemikalier og energi.

• Regjeringen er opptatt av at vi skal få til en vekst i

oppdrettsnæringen som spiller på lag med

naturen. Det er bare slik vi kan opprettholde en

fremtidsrettet næring.

Regerings havstrategi Februar 2017

Marked potential

The macro algae industry is expected to increase from NOK 1.2 mrd i 2010 to

NOK 40 mrd i 2050 (SINTEF, NTNU et al. - Verdiskapning basert på produktive

hav i 2050).

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Kelp industrial production: Potential impacts on coastal ecosystems

Three main questions:

1) How will large scale kelp farming impact the coastal ecosystems – open water and sea floor habitats and functioning?

2) Will farmed kelp detritus provide valuable bio-resources or pose a threat to natural coastal ecosystems?

3) Will kelp farming facilities provide ecosystem functioning as ‘artificial’ forest habitats?

Images by SES and Tango Seaweed

Aim:

Provide an integrated assessment of positive and negative impacts of industrial-scaled kelp farming on the marine ecosystem of coastal Norway

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Potential environmental impacts of extensive seaweed cultivation

Positive impacts are• Nutrient uptake, reducing marine

eutrophication • CO2 uptake, reducing ocean

acidification• Increased primary production• Promote elevated biodiversity

Negative impacts are• Depletion of limited nutrients• Depositing of large quantities of kelp

biomass on the seafloor, leading to• poor environmental conditions,• oxygen deficiency, • and change in natural biodiversity

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Effects on open water ecosystems

• Reduce light availability for natural populations of phytoplankton

Effects on primary production and foodweb efficiency (wild fish stock)

• Reduce water currents, mixing and attenuate waves

Alter nutrient and matter transport and the water column vertical transport

rates

• Take up of nutrients

Provides a tool for eutrophication mitigation, or

limits recourses for the foodweb, and commercial harvest (fish)

The balance determines the system Carrying Capacity

• Take up of CO2

Provides climate mitigation actions (if carbon is removed from the biosphere)

• Provide refuges for a vast number of species, virus to fauna

Increase habitats for wanted and unwanted species

Increase spread of diseases and genetic material?

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Effects on seafloor ecosystems

• Reduce light availability for seafloor macroalgae

Effects on primary production, foodweb efficiency and biodiversity

• Depositing organic matter (lost kelp) detritus (30% of the biomass)

Provide a food source for staving ecosystems, or

Lead to poor environmental conditions and oxygen deficiency

The balance determines the tipping point between food source or

ecosystem threat

• Change in biodiversity and ecosystem function

• impacts on foodweb structure and ecosystem servises

• Depositing of carbon (CO2 removal)

Provides climate mitigation actions, if carbon is permanently buried in

the seafloor

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Ongoing efforts

• Fieldwork

• Laboratory work

• Mesocosms

• Numerical modelling

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Broch et al. in review 2018

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NIVA – research for a sustainable future

Conclusion

• There is a large potential for growing industrial-scale volumes of seaweed

biomass to supply the global market with food and resources

• Industrial-scaled kelp farming will inevitably impact local, regional and

global ecosystems and productivity – positively and/or negatively

• As of today, we have limited knowledge on ecosystem consequences, and

potential positive and negative impacts are largely unmeasured

• Research efforts and applicable indexes needs to be accomplished and

developed

Take home message: Knowledge-based operations and research-based monitoring is

needed to secure a sustainable future for seaweed aquaculture

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NIVA – research for a sustainable future

Two resent publications

New report out: April 2018

A website targeted for kelp

farmers and managers:

https://arcg.is/1uy0DK

Photo

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Chapm

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ango S

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NIVA – research for a sustainable future

Two resent publications

New report out: April 2018

A website targeted for kelp

farmers and managers:

https://arcg.is/1uy0DK

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NIVA – research for a sustainable future

Thank you

Questions?

KELPPROKelp industrial production: Potential impacts on coastal ecosystems

www.kelppro.netFunded by the Research Council of Norway P

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