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Presented by :Md.Waliullah Wali

ID# 15276002Department of M.N.S.

BRAC University

Topic: Stem-cell therapy

CONTENTS

Stem-cell therapy

Types of Stem cellsHow therapy works ?Disease cured by SC therapyEthical Consideration

Stem cells

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Imaging two people are listing to musicWhat are the odds that they are listing to the exact same Play list ???

Similarity Probably very low !!!

After all, Every one has different tastes in music.

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Even lower !!!

Now, What are the odds that our body will need the exact same medical care

treatment as another person’s body ???

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As we go through our lives each of us will have very different needs for

our own healthcare.

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Scientist's are constantly researching to make medical care

treatment more personalized.

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One way they are doing this is by- Stem Cells therapy

Stem-cell therapy

Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.

It is also known as regenerative medicine, promotes the reparative response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives.

It is the next chapter of organ transplantation and uses cells instead of donor organs, which are limited in supply.

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What are Stem cells?Stem cells are called “master cells”Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated.

What are Stem cells?

Steam cells have the potential to become all other kinds of cells in our body.

protects our body contract send signalsdo not

have any specific

functionsthe body is made up of about 200 different kinds of specialized cells

all cells in the body come from stem cells

What are Stem cells?

Replicate itself

Differentiate into many cell types

A single cell

Types of Stem cells

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Stem cellsPluripotent Stem

Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)

Induced Pluriptoent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

Adult or Multipotent Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

Neural Stem Cells (NSCs)

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)

How stem cell therapy works?

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When stem cells are transplanted into the body and arrive into the injured part,

brain being targeted for tissue regeneration, the stem cells are coming in contact with growth chemical’s

(like EGF’s , NGF’s and HGF’s )in the body. These chemicals program the stem cells to differentiate into

the tissue surrounding it.

Disease cured by stem cell therapy.

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Spinal cord injuries.Diabetes mellitus.Cancer.Stroke.Tooth implanting .Deafness and blindnes. Baldness.etc.

Spinal Cord Injuries

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The stem cells are first collected from a patient’s bone marrow, extracted from the hipbone, then implanted back into the body later.

These re-injected stem cells have the potential to transform into multiple types of cells and are capable of regenerating damaged tissue.

Stem cell treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2

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Adult stem cell therapy with autologous stem cells fights type 1 and type 2 diabetes at its roots, reducing hyperglycemia.

These re-injected stem cells are capable of regenerating damaged cells such as pancreatic beta cells.

Stem cell treatment of Stroke

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A cerebrovascular accident is also known as a stroke. The stem cells are collected from patient’s bone

marrow. These cells are re-injected into the damaged tissue

have the potential to transform into multiple types of cells and are capable of regenerating the damaged tissue.

Cancer treatment

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Umbilical cord blood stem cells have been used to treat cancer patients with conditions such as leukemia and lymphoma.

The unfortunate side effect of the chemotherapy that the Stem Cell Transplant attempts to reverse.

Heart damage

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Several clinical trials targeting heart disease have shown that adult stem cell therapy is safe and effective.

Adult stem cell therapy for heart disease was commercially available on at least five continents.

Baldness

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Hair follicles also contain stem cells, and some researchers predict research on these follicle stem cells may lead to successes in treating baldness through "hair multiplication", also known as "hair cloning",

treatment is expected to work through taking stem cells from existing follicles, multiplying them in cultures, and implanting the new follicles into the scalp

Tooth implanting

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stem cells taken from the patient could be coaxed in the lab into turning into a tooth bud which, when implanted in the gums, will give rise to a new tooth.

It will fuse with the jawbone and release chemicals that encourage nerves and blood vessels to connect with it .

Deafness and blindness

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There has been success in regrowing cochlea sensory hair cells with the use of stem cells.

Using embryonic stem cells, scientists are able to grow a thin sheet of totipotent stem cells in the laboratory. When these sheets are transplanted over the damaged retina, the stem cells stimulate renewed repair, eventually restoring vision

Doctors have performed stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants.

In stem cell transplants, stem cells replace cells damaged by chemotherapy or as a way for the donor's immune system to fight some types of cancer and blood-related diseases, such as leukemia.

These transplants use adult stem cells. Researchers are testing adult stem cells to treat other

conditions, including a number of degenerative diseases such as heart failure.

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Have stem cells already been used to treat diseases?

Yes

Ethical Consideration of Stem Cell Therapy

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As the research method mainly focused on Embryonic Stem Cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get proper material to study. This is typically done just days after conception or between the 5th and 9th week.

Since then, researchers have moved on to more ethical study methods, such as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS). iPS is artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell, such as adult somatic cells.

Nowadays stem cell treatment has been spreaded throughout the world. It has also been grown commercially in developed countries.

It is thought that one day it may be the major key to treat various diseases.

Using stem cells to conduct medical research and treat disease is acceptable?

Don’t know

No

Yes

3%

5%

92*%

Biotechnology Australia – Community Attitudes to Biotechnology (2007)

* Compares to 80% in 2005 survey

But which type of stem cells?- pluripotent stem cells (embryonic, SCNT, iPS stem cells)- tissue stem cells (foetal, cord, adult)

Do you approve of the extraction of stem cells from human embryos for medical research?

Don’t know

No

Yes

Roy Morgan Poll (2006)

5%

13%

82%

Thank You All