Steel strength plastics

7/29/2019 Steel strength plastics

1/38


2/38

What are plastics?

The word plastic came from the greek

word plastikos meaning capable of being

shaped or molded.

Plastics are wide range of synthetic or

semi-synthetic organic solids that are

moldable.


3/38

What are plastics made of? Plastics are made of small organic

molecules containing carbon along with

other substances.

Each small molecules is known as

monomer, which is capable of joining with

other monomers to form long moleculechains called polymers.


4/38

Polyethylene-simplest polymer

structure.*


5/38

The different properties of plastic came

from the different molecular groups that

are attached to the monomer units thatin turn customizes the property of the

polymers.

Structure-to-function


6/38

Fillers improves the production ofplastics.

Stabilizing additives like fire retardants

lower the flammability of the plastic, Plasticizer , which are oily compounds,

are blended to improve the rheology.

Colorants adds dcor and variety.To


7/38

Chemical Structure of polymer backbone

-acrylics, polyester, silicone, halogenated

plastics

Chemical process used in synthesis

-condensation, polyaddition and cross-linking

Classification


8/38

Gathering of raw materials

Synthesis of polymer

Inclusion of additives

Shaping and finishing

Production of plastics


9/38

Primary petrochemicals

-ethylene, propylene, benzene, etc.

Intermediate chemicals-ethylbenzene

Monomer

-styrene

Raw materials


10/38

Monomer units undergo

polymerization.

Two basic polymerization methodsare addition and condensation.

Can occur in gaseous, liquid and

occasionally solid phase.



11/38

Catalyst enhances polymerization.

-common catalyst????

Additives for customizing the plasticsproperties are added.

Inclusion of additives

Finally, the plastics are shaped andfinished.


12/38

In October 2007, University ofMichigan researchers developed a

nanoinfused polymer that is as strongas steel

as thin as plastic wrap

Steel Strength Plastics


13/38

Robotic machine

as thin as plastic wrap

Resulting plasticfrom theexperiment
http://www.gizmag.com/go/8208/picture/39105/


14/38

Prof. Moshe Kol of TAUs School of

Chemistry developed a super-

strength polypropylene Salalen titanium complex in highly

isospecific polymerization of

propylene and 1-hexene

Steel Strength Plastics


15/38

Since almost every plastic use the

same building block (polymer) the key

in developing a better plastic is thecatalyst used in polymerization.

Catalyst is the answer


16/38

Salens are class of organic compunds

used as ligands in coordination

chemistry and homogeneous catalyst. Salen derived from the simplest

sample, N,N-

bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine

Salen and Salan ligand


17/38

Condensation of ethylenediamine andsalicylicaldehyde

Salan ligands are saturated at the

nitrogen, are more amines rather than

imines

Salen and Salan ligand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Preparation_of_salen.png


18/38

Intermediate between salans and

salens.

Complexes tend to be rigid and moreelectron rich at the metal center than

the corresponding salen complexes.

Salalen ligand


19/38

Salalen complexes are made by

reacting the diprotic pro-ligand with

metal precursors containing bases ormetal halides.

Salalen ligand


20/38

3,5-dibromosalicylicaldehyde N-Methylethylenediamine Salicylaldehyde S-(2)-Pyrrolindinemethanamine.2HCl

Triethylamine

3-Adamantyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde

Experiment


21/38

Each ligand precursor (1-5) wereadded with 1 mL of ether and added

dropwise to a solution of Ti(OiPr)4

Synthesis of metal complex

Solution was stirred for 2 h, the solventremoved under vacuum, and the

resulting yellow solid was washed withpentane.


22/38

Finally 1 mL cold toluene were addeddropwise, solvent removed in vacuum,

forming brown precipitates.


Tidark grayNablue

OredI - purple


23/38


Metal-ligand complex Final yield resultLig1TiBn2 53 mg (95%)Lig2TiBn2 61 mg (86%)Lig3TiBn2 110 mg (100%)Lig4TiBn2 105 mg(95%)Lig5TiBn2 71 mg(96%)


24/38


Two co-catalyst used:

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane - co-catalyst

in metallocene-based industrial processesfor the homogeneous polymerization ofolefins.

Methylalumoxane (MAO) most well-known catalyst in olefin-polymerization


25/38

Structure of

tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane


26/38

Proposed structure of MAO


27/38

Polymerization with B(C6F5)3

B(C6F5)3 was dissolved in 1 mL 1-hexene and then added to a solution ofLig1-5TiBn

2

in 4 mL 1-hexene.

Resulting mixture was stirred for 2-4 h,and yielded poly(1-hexene) as an

orange gum.


28/38

Polymerization with MAO

Lig1-5TiBn2 was dissolved in 1 mL 1-hexene and added to a solution of

MAO (50-500 eq) in 4 ml 1-hexene.The mixture was stirred until viscousthen treated with acidified methanolsolution and extracted with chloroform.


29/38

Polymerization of propylene

with MAO

Lig1-5TiBn2 and 500 eq. of MAO were

condensed with propylene in a

stainless steel reactor for 13-14h in RT.Polymer solution were treated with

acidified methanol and pet ether soln.

Insoluble polymers were filtered andair dried.


30/38


31/38


32/38


33/38

Advantages

It does not easily decompose but it

can instead be recycled. Products are

chemically resistant, durable, easilyshaped, thermally and electrically

insulating.


34/38

Applications

Green manufacturing since durability

of the plastics results in products that

require less maintenance and muchlonger life.


35/38

Applications

New and improved plastics can

replace steel parts in automobiles, so

cars would be more lighter andconsume less fuel.


36/38

Applications

Can be used to replaced water pipes

made of steel and cement that are

susceptible to water leakage.


37/38

References

http://Steel-strength.plastics/Durable.plastic..replace.metals.htmhttp://Making.Plastic.as.Strong.as.Stee/Scientific.American.htm

http://Steel-strength.plastics.--.and.green,.too!.(6.15.2012).htm

http://Ang.mga.resulta.ng.Google.para..sa.http://ars.els-

cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htm

http://Angewandte.Chemie.International.Edition-Volume.50,.Issue.15.-

.April.4,.2011-Wiley.Online.Library.htm

http://Journal.of.Molecular.Catalysis.A/Chemical/Structure.and.perform

ance.of.the.solid.methylalumoxane.at.temperatures//E293250.C2.//Exp

erimental.and.DFT.calculation.study.htm

http://www.cleanproduction.org/manufactufing/pdf.phpKonstantin Press, Ad Cohen, Israel Goldberg, Vincenzo Venditto, Mina

Mazzeo, Moshe Kol. Salalen Titanium Complexes in the Highly

Isospecific Polymerization of 1-Hexene and

Propylene.Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011; 50 (15):

3529 DOI:10.1002/anie.201007678
http://making.plastic.as.strong.as.stee/Scientific.American.htmhttp://steel-strength.plastics/Durable.plastic..replace.metals.htmhttp://making.plastic.as.strong.as.stee/Scientific.American.htmhttp://steel-strength.plastics.--.and.green%2C.too%21.%286.15.2012%29.htm/http://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://journal.of.molecular.catalysis.a/Chemical/Structure.and.performance.of.the.solid.methylalumoxane.at.temperatures//E293250.C2.//Experimental.and.DFT.calculation.study.htmhttp://journal.of.molecular.catalysis.a/Chemical/Structure.and.performance.of.the.solid.methylalumoxane.at.temperatures//E293250.C2.//Experimental.and.DFT.calculation.study.htmhttp://journal.of.molecular.catalysis.a/Chemical/Structure.and.performance.of.the.solid.methylalumoxane.at.temperatures//E293250.C2.//Experimental.and.DFT.calculation.study.htmhttp://www.cleanproduction.org/manufactufing/pdf.phphttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007678http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007678http://www.cleanproduction.org/manufactufing/pdf.phphttp://journal.of.molecular.catalysis.a/Chemical/Structure.and.performance.of.the.solid.methylalumoxane.at.temperatures//E293250.C2.//Experimental.and.DFT.calculation.study.htmhttp://journal.of.molecular.catalysis.a/Chemical/Structure.and.performance.of.the.solid.methylalumoxane.at.temperatures//E293250.C2.//Experimental.and.DFT.calculation.study.htmhttp://journal.of.molecular.catalysis.a/Chemical/Structure.and.performance.of.the.solid.methylalumoxane.at.temperatures//E293250.C2.//Experimental.and.DFT.calculation.study.htmhttp://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://angewandte.chemie.international.edition-volume.50%2C.issue.15.-.april.4%2C.2011-wiley.online.library.htm/http://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://ang.mga.resulta.ng.google.para..sa.http//ars.els-cdn.com.content.image.1-s2.0-S0378775310000856-gr1.jpg.htmhttp://steel-strength.plastics.--.and.green%2C.too%21.%286.15.2012%29.htm/http://steel-strength.plastics.--.and.green%2C.too%21.%286.15.2012%29.htm/http://steel-strength.plastics.--.and.green%2C.too%21.%286.15.2012%29.htm/http://steel-strength.plastics.--.and.green%2C.too%21.%286.15.2012%29.htm/http://steel-strength.plastics.--.and.green%2C.too%21.%286.15.2012%29.htm/http://making.plastic.as.strong.as.stee/Scientific.American.htmhttp://steel-strength.plastics/Durable.plastic..replace.metals.htmhttp://steel-strength.plastics/Durable.plastic..replace.metals.htmhttp://steel-strength.plastics/Durable.plastic..replace.metals.htm


38/38

Thank you!

Steel strength plastics

Documents

Transcript of Steel strength plastics