Status of photon sensor study at Niigata University -- SiPM and MPPC --
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Status of photon sensor studyat Niigata University-- SiPM and MPPC --
Photon sensor mini workshop05/9/16 (Fri) @Kyoto University
Niigata University HEP-LabSayaka IBA
Editha P. Jacosalem (Mindanao-U), Hiroaki Ono, Noriko Nakajima, Hitoshi Miyata
Contents
1. Study at Niigata university
2. SiPM study
1. Signal
2. Sensor signal uniformity dependence
3. MPPC study
1. Signal
2. Laser intensity dependence
3. Sensor signal uniformity dependence
4. Summary and future plan
Fine segmentation scintillatorRead out by photon sensor
-> Study of photon sensor (by Iba) Scintillator (by Editha-san)
1. Study at Niigata university Present design of GLD Calorimeter We might need smaller segmentation calorimeter
10x40x2mm strip type scinti
X, Z-layer strip scinti: 10x200x2mm Tile-layer: 40x40x1mmThis granularity will be checked by simulation soon
MPPC
MPPC
MPPC
2. SiPM Study
SiPM from RussiaWire Bonding
2mm
2mm
34x34=1156pixels
1.2mm
1.2mm
K
A
about 30um
Using SiPM for read out
Micro Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) Each pixel in Geiger mode
Compact Suitable for WLS fiber readout
34x34=1156 pixels in small area
Pixel Size : 30x30um
High Gain : ~106
Operational at low voltage : 60~70V
YAG Laser Wave length & power: 532nm (10mJ/cm2), 1064nm (20mJ/cm2) Use filter : down to10-8
Trigger : from Laser systemPulse width : <10nsecSpot size : <2um Precision of laser position : ±2umOutput Circuit
YAG laser & scan table
system
Logic
Setup
Signal of laser(1064nm, 532nm)
532nm signal is smaller than 1064nm
532nm result has many noise than 1064nm Rise time : ~10ns Fall time : ~200ns
1064nm 65.0V
532nm65.0V
532nm66.0V
20mV 10mV
10mV
50nsec 50nsec
50nsec
Laser wave length : 1064nm Sensor bias : 66.5V 49points (7x7points) were measured Deviation (RMS) : ~28% Laser output fluctuation range : ~10% Central part showed higher PH
Laser hitting area(3x3=9 pixel) 5x5 pixel area
Sensor signal uniformity dependent
Fluctuation histogram
Cross sectional view
Cross section of X-axis line 4 and Y-axis line 4
Y-axisline 4
X-axis line4
Cutting X-axis line-4
Cutting Y-axis line-4
3. MPPC Study
MPPC from HPK MPPC :Multi Pixels Photon Counter Made by HPK and under
development
Compact device Works with much lower voltage than
PMT (~50V) Suitable for wavelength shifter fiber
We have two types of MPPC 100pixels : 10x10pixels 400pixels : 20x20pixels
MPPC 400pixels
MPPC 100pixels (10x10pixels)
~85um
~100um
Setup
Output circuit
YAG LaserLogic readout
YAG Laser Wave length & power: 532nm (10mJ/cm2), 1064nm (20mJ/cm2) Filter : Laser intensity is down to10-8
Trigger : from Laser systemPulse width : <10nsecLaser beam minimum spot size : <2um Precision of laser position : ±2um
MPPC
MPPC
Signal
Rise time : ~10ns, Fall time : ~500ns + tail From the ADC graph, we calculated the Charge output of 1pixel
which is ~ 2.5pc and Gain is ~1.6x107 for 100pixels MPPC
10mV
500nsec
View from oscilloscopeMPPC : 100pixels
From ADC signalMPPC : 100pixe l s
0pixel (0photon)
1pixel (1photon)
2pixel (2photon)
signal
trigger
Laser intensity dependence For getting the best laser
intensity corresponding to 1photon injection
Measurement conditions MPPC : 100pixels Pixel position : center
(X=5,Y=6) Laser hitting area : within the
1pixel Wavelength : 532nm Used filter : for laser intensity
down to10-8
We think laser intensity 160 corresponds to 1photon injection, because this value is beginning of max of 1photon and min of 0photon
Efficiency of 0pe, 1pe vs. Laser intensity● : Efficiency of 0photon event▲ : Efficiency of more than 1photon event
Laser intensity 160for 1photon injection
Pixel signal uniformity in one pixel (Position dependence between two pixels) Checked efficiency between two
pixels as uniformity measurement Scanned 7points between two
pixels Wavelength : 532nm Sensor bias : 49.0V
Efficiency of more than 1photon event becomes minimum at the boundary line between 2pixels
Efficiency vs Position▲ : Efficiency of 0photon event● : Efficiency of 1photon event≧Efficiency = # of 0 or 1photon event / # of All events pixel pixel
Sensor signal uniformity dependent on the pixel locations
Injected laser single photon to each pixel and got response Measurement conditions
MPPC : 100pixels Sensor bias : 49.0V Laser wavelength : 532nm, Intensity : 160 Laser hitting area is smaller than 1pixel area Measured points are 50points that are shown as gray area
~30um
~35um
Laser hitting area (smaller than 1pixel)
~85um
Measured points : 50points(Gray pixels)
Pulse height = 1photon mean value – 0photon mean value
Deviation of PH (RMS) : 10% Laser long term fluctuation : 5%≦
Pulse Height
1photon mean
0photon mean
Pulse height vs Pixel position
Distribution of the PH
# of pixels
Cross sectional view (Central part)
Cross section of X-axis (line-5 + line-6) and Y-axis (line-5 + line-6) which are shown in previous slide Central part of sensor
Cutting X-axis line-5▲ + line-6▲
Cutting Y-axis line-5▲ + line-6▲
X-axisline-5 +6
Y-axisline-5+6
Cross sectional view (Edge part)
X-axisline-9 +10
Y-axisline-9+10
Cutting X-axis line-9▲ + line-10▲
Cutting Y-axis line-9▲ + line-10▲
Cross section of X-axis (line-9 + line-10) and Y-axis (line-9 + line-10) Edge of sensor
We can see that pulse height level and deviation look same as previous slide
Position dependence of efficiency
Compare efficiencies between 0photon events and more than 1photon events
Efficiency = #of 0photon (or 1photon) event / #of all photon events≧ Edge of sensor shows low signal efficiency Central area of sensor has good efficiency
Efficiency : 0photon Efficiency : 1photon≧
Intensity dependence at other points
Efficiency : 0photon position X=8,Y=9 eff: poorposition X=4,Y=3 eff: good
position X=5,Y=10 eff: too bad
Intensity
Eff.
Efficiency of more than 1photon event vs. Laser intensity
160160
160
flat region
flat region
Efficiency : 0photon position X=8,Y=9 eff: poor
position X=4,Y=3 eff: good
position X=5,Y=10 eff: too bad
Intensity
Eff.
Pulse height vs. Laser intensity
160
160160
down
4. Summary and future plan
SiPM study (position dependence) PH uniformity was 28%(RMS), while laser fluctuation was 10% Edge part showed low PH
MPPC study (pixel position & intensity dependence) PH uniformity was 10% (RMS), while laser long term fluctuation
was less than 5% Central part of a sensor had good efficiency while edge part sho
wed inefficiency in the light collection For poor efficiency pixels, their efficiency don’t increase and PH d
ecreases as intensity increases Future of Niigata study
Try to connect scintillator strip and MPC through Wavelength-shifter fiber and to do beta-ray test
Measure more detail for 400pixels