States of Matter

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States of Matter

Earth Science Intro Unit

What are the states of Matter?• Matter

– All matter is made of atoms.– Atoms in constant motion.– Particle movement

determines the state of matter.

• States of Matter.– Solid– Liquid– Gas

I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter.

What are the states of Matter?• Solids– Shape:

• Definite– Volume:

• Definite – Atoms:

• Very close together.• Vibrate in place.

– Exception:• Water, ice has more

space between atoms than liquid water.


What are the states of Matter?• Liquids– Shape:

• Not definite– Volume:

• Definite – Atoms:

• Further apart• Move, have more kinetic

energy.


What are the states of Matter?• Gases– Shape:

• Not definite– Volume:

• Not Definite – Atoms:

• Moving very fast.• Most kinetic energy.

– Move faster when heat is applied.

– Move slower when heat is taken away.


What is a change in State?• Changes in States– A change of a substance

from one physical state to another.

– Examples:• Water vapor to liquid

water.• Liquid water to ice.

I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.

What is a change in State?• Energy Gained or Lost– To change state, energy

must be added or removed.

– Gaining or losing energy changes the temperature of a substance.


What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Energy / Motion of Parti

cles.– Energy of the particles

change.– The speed and the

distance between particles change.


http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter1/lesson4

http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter1/lesson4

What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Energy / Motion of

Particles.• Solids

– Vibrate in place, particles close together



Particles.• Liquids

– Move around– Particles further apart.



Particles.• Gas-

– Move quickly– Particles very far apart.


What is a change in State?• Melting

– Solid becomes liquid.

– Energy is added• Particles speed up.• Temperature rises

– Melting point• Temperature at which a

substance changes from a solid to a liquid.


What is a change in State?• Vaporization– Process by which liquids

or solids change to a gas.


What is a change in State?• Sublimation– Change in state from a solid

directly into a gas. (skips liquid phase)• Add heat• Atoms gain energy• Escape into the air as a gas.• Example: Dry Ice


What is a change in State?• Evaporation – Add heat to a liquid

• Atoms gain energy.• Move faster

– Evaporation• Particles can escape from

the surface of a liquid if enough heat is added.


What is a change in State?• Not in notes, write in the space in the far

left box at the bottom.

• Boiling– A rapid change from a

liquid to a gas (vapor)

– Boiling Point• The temperature at

which this occurs in a liquid.– 100°C– 212°F


What is a change in State?• Condensation– The change in state from

a gas to a liquid.• Cooling a gas• Particles lose energy.


What is a change in State?• Deposition– Change in state from a

gas directly to a solid.• Substance cools.• Atoms lose energy• No liquid forms in the

process.• Example:

– Water vapor turns into ice crystals.


What is a change in State?• Freezing

– Liquid becomes solid.

– Loss of energy.• Particles slow down• Temperature cools

– Freezing point• Temperature at which a

substance changes into a solid.

• Water = 0C or 32F


What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Mass is Conserved– The amount of matter

stays the same during a phase change.

– The mass does not change when its state changes.

– Each state constrains the same amount of matter.


What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Mass is Conserved


States of Matter

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