StalemateStalemate

By 1917 both sides were fighting a defensive war

Neither could put together a massive attack

Trench warfare was wearing on the soldiers health and morale Mutinies in French, British, and German armies

Trench warfareTrench warfare

Russia exits warRussia exits war

Political problems in Russia People hate the Russian czar Russian revolution removes the czar

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed in 1918 to end the war between Russia and Germany Russia gives up a massive amount of land

Germany’s breakdownGermany’s breakdown

Failure at the 2nd battle of the Marne (July-August 1918) Turning point for allies

They began to have food shortages and soldiers were losing willingness to fight

ArmisticeArmistice

An armistice is an agreement between parties to stop fighting before a treaty is composed

Germany agrees to an armistice on November 11, 1918

The allies win (Great Britain, France, and the U.S.)

The central powers lose ( Germany, Belgium, Austria- Hungary)

Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference

Delegates from nations all over the world meet in Paris to negotiate the terms of the peace treaty

Russia and Germany were not invited to attend

Purpose of the conference was to negotiate a lasting peace to avoid a war of this magnitude from ever happening again

The Big 4The Big 41. The United States: represented by President Wilson

2. Great Britain: represented by Prime Minister David Lloyd George3. France: represented by Georges Clemenceau

4. Italy: represented by Vittorio Orlando

Goals of the Big 4Goals of the Big 4

France Security Revenge

Great Britain Balance of power Remove threat of

German navy

Italy Gain territory

United States Advocate Wilson’s

14 points Create League of

Nations

Wilson’s 14 points and Wilson’s 14 points and League of NationsLeague of Nations

An outline to maintain peace after WWI

Promote free trade

Promote freedom of the seas

No secret alliances

League of Nations will act as a

governing world body

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Signed on June 28, 1919

Germany was forced to pay allies $33 billion in reparations to the allies over 30 years

Germany was forced to take full responsibility for the war

Germany’s military is limited

Germany loses territory

Germany after the Treaty of Germany after the Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

Results of peace treatyResults of peace treaty

Germany, Russia, Italy, and Japan feel cheated by peace treaty

U.S. becomes more isolationist

Large reparations destroy German economy

The stage is set for WWII

WWI’s effects on TexasWWI’s effects on Texas

Soldiers were offered new experiences in Europe

Many were eager to find better lives after their serviec

Women helped with the war effort as nurses, factory workers, and farmers

Ranchers had prospered because Texans had produced products like cotton and wool for tents and uniforms for the military After the war cotton prices fell

Effects continued..Effects continued..

Texas was on it’s way to becoming an urban state

Many were moving away from the rural countryside

School attendance laws became more strict and there was greater enforcement of child labor laws Fewer children worked outside the home