Attack on British TrenchAttack on British Trench

Gas AttackGas Attack

TrenchTrench

Another TrenchAnother Trench

Aerial View of GassingAerial View of Gassing

American American Soldiers Soldiers

After After Having Having Been Been

GassedGassed

German German Soldiers Soldiers

With With Machine Machine

GunsGuns

American Soldier w/ Gas MasksAmerican Soldier w/ Gas Masks

Good reason Good reason why not to why not to

be a German be a German spy in the spy in the

French armyFrench army

WWI: The End, a Time for Peace

The Fourteen Points Plan, Armistice, Paris Peace

Conference, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles

Wilson's Fourteen Points Plan

In January of 1918 President Wilson of the U.S.A, addressed his congress with a plan that would eliminate future wars of such catastrophic nature. This plan became known as the Fourteen Points Plan. It’s fourteen points summed up are:

•No secret treaties•Freedom of the seas for all nations•Removal of all economic barriers, such as tariffs•Reduction of national armaments•Adjustment of colonial claims so they were fair to both the imperialist powers and the colonial peoples•Establishment of “a general association of nations” to guarantee political independence and protection to small and large states alike (i.e. League of Nations)

Armistice & Paris Peace Conference

By November of 1918, Germany was in retreat and their forces were taking heavy blows from the advancing Allied forces. They would sign an armistice (an agreement to stop fighting) on November 11, 1918 ending the fighting.

Graph on Casualties and Graph on Casualties and Injuries of WWIInjuries of WWI

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

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Dead

Wounded

Amount Spent on WWI in BillionsAmount Spent on WWI in Billions

1.4 12.4

20.6

22.3

22.624.3

35.3

37.8

Turkey

Italy

Austria-HungaryRussia

United States

France

Great Britain

Germany

• By January, the leaders of the four major allied nations (U.S., Britain, France, Italy) would meet at Versailles, outside Paris for what came to be known as the Paris Peace Conference. None of the Central power nations were invited, though. (what kind of statement does that make?)

David Lloyd George

Vittorio Orlando

Georges Clemenceau

?

• The point of the conference was to draw up terms of peace following the end of WWI, but much of the talks were over the reparations that the Central powers should have to pay for starting the war.

The Treaty of Versailles

After six months of negotiations, the delegates finally agreed upon five separate peace treaties, one for each of the five Central Power nations. The main treaty was the Treaty of Versailles with Germany.

This treaty had three major provisions:1. Territorial Losses2. Military Restrictions3. War Guilt

Territorial Losses

Germany would lose a lot of its land/territories

•Some was used to make Poland

•Some was given to France (Alsace and Lorraine)

•Most of Germany’s oversees colonies were taken away

Military Restrictions

• Germany’s army and navy were limited

• Germany couldn’t have any troops along the Rhineland (industrial area along the French boarder)

• What implications would such events have on Germany?

• Would there be any animosity caused by these?

Article 231: The War Guilt Clause

Group activity: Analyze Articles 231-35 of the Treaty of Versailles and answer the following questions:

• Who was responsible for the war and all of the debt?

• Which country had Germany already pledged to pay for complete restoration?

• Would Germany have to pay the same amount year after year?

• What would all of the money that Germany was paying the allied countries pay for?

• By what date did all of the money have to be paid by?

Another Part of the Treaty was the League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson of U.S.A. came up with this idea. The League of Nations was a body of nations that cooperated with one another to promote peace throughout the world. The whole point of the league was to create tight knit relationships among the nations involved, which would in turn prevent another war from occurring. 40 nations would come to join this body, but unfortunately due to the unpopularity in the U.S., the U.S. would not join the League.