SSTRM - StrategicReviewGroup.ca - Workshop 1: Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop, Report
Sstrm hsi workshop report november 25, 2010
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Transcript of Sstrm hsi workshop report november 25, 2010
Department of National Defence
Defence Research and Development Canada
Industry Canada
November 25, 2010
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
Workshop 6:
Soldier Human and Systems Integration
Gatineau, Québec, September 21-22, 2010
Volume 1. Report
Page ii of 122
Acknowledgements
The Department of National Defence (DND), Defence Research and Development Canada
(DRDC), and Industry Canada (IC) would like to acknowledge the contributions and support
provided by the IC Special Events team that organized the Soldier Human and Systems
Integration workshop venue, logistics, and accommodations; the Human and Systems Integration
technical subcommittee and co-chairs and the Executive Steering Committee for sharing their
time and expertise; The Strategic Review Group (SRG) Inc., for facilitating the workshop; and the
participants from across Canada, the United States, and abroad, who contributed to making the
workshop a success. Special thanks to those who presented at the workshop, for sharing their
time, energy, and knowledge.
In addition, many thanks to the Canadian Forces Directorate of Armoured Vehicle Program
Management for providing a LAV 3 vehicle, to Mr. D. Palmer and Captain A. Dionne of the
Directorate of Land Requirements (DLR-5), the Canadian Forces rifle section from the Cameron
Highlanders of Ottawa, and the light armoured vehicle driver from the Régiment de Hull, who
provided an demonstration of the challenges associated with integrating human and systems
components of the soldier system in a combat situation.
Page iii of 122
Table of Contents
Executive Summary .......................................................................................... vii
Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the SSTRM .......................... 8
About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap .................................................... 8
Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the Roadmap ................................. 9
The Workshop Process .......................................................................................... 10
Introductory Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................ 11
Opening Remarks, Mr. T. Elliot, DG IC; Dr. D. Reding, DG DRDC Toronto;
Mr. L. Garland (TSC Industry Co-Chair) .............................................. 11
Workshop Program and TRM Background, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC) ....................... 12
Workshop Process, Mr. P. Carr (Strategic Review Group Inc.) ........................ 12
Soldier Systems TRM Update, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC) ............................. 13
1. Exploring Operational Space: Key Deficiencies and Priorities .............. 15
Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................................... 15
1.1 Future Soldier System Capability Areas: H&SI Requirements and
Challenges, Maj. J. Herbert (DLR5-6) .................................................. 15
1.2 Human and Systems Integration: Lethal and Non Lethal, Maj. B.
Gilchrist (DBRT 5-5) ............................................................................. 16
Demonstration of Soldier Equipment/Usage by Mr. Douglas Palmer and
Canadian Forces Personnel ............................................................................ 17
The Cast of Characters ................................................................................... 17
Instructions for Observing the Demonstration .................................................. 17
Introduction to the Demonstration .................................................................... 18
The Action—Close With and Destroy the Enemy ............................................. 19
Chapter 2. Exploring Functional Space: Related H&SI Challenges ............. 25
Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................................... 25
2.1 Introduction to Workshop Themes and Physical Ergonomics and
Integration Challenges, Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto) ........................ 25
2.2 Soldier Equipment/Vehicle/Communications Integration
Requirements, Mr. M. A. Rochon (DSSPM-10-4-4) .............................. 27
Page iv of 122
2.3 USMC Approach to Soldier Burden, Mr. D. Tack (Humansystems
Inc. Rep. USMC MERS Project) ........................................................... 27
2.4 Luncheon Speaker: Dr. E. S. Redden (ARL), Advanced Interfaces
for Dismounted Warfighters ................................................................. 28
2.5 Challenges of Soldier Protection Integration, Mr. S. Boyne (DRDC
Toronto) ............................................................................................... 29
2.6 Requirements for Enhancing Soldier Perception, Situation
Awareness and Cognition, Mr. D. Tack (Humansystems Inc.) .............. 30
2.7 Soldier System Integration Challenges and Issues: An Industry
Perspective, Mr. W. Downing (Industry Rep, TSC Speech) .................. 31
2.8 ICee-Wiki Update, Mrs. M. Huard (IC-DND) ......................................... 32
Breakaway Session 1. Key Challenges for Human and Systems
Integration Themes ......................................................................................... 33
Themes for Breakaway Session 1 ................................................................... 33
Seating Plan for Breakaway Session 1 ............................................................ 35
Instructions for Breakaway Session 1 .............................................................. 35
Plenary Report Back for Breakaway Session 1................................................ 36
Detailed Results of Breakaway Session 1 ....................................................... 38
Homework Instructions .................................................................................... 39
3. Exploring Solution Space: Enabling Technologies,
Processes and Tools .................................................................................. 40
Stickies on the Wall Exercise.................................................................................. 40
Presentation Abstracts ........................................................................................... 41
3.1 Challenges and Tools for Effective Soldier System Integration,
Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto) ............................................................. 41
3.2. The Role of Biomechanics in Effective Soldier System Integration,
Dr. J. Stevenson (Queen's University) ................................................. 42
3.3 Virtual Simulations for Soldiers: Concepts and Applications,
Dr. F. Bernier (DRDC Valcartier) .......................................................... 42
3.4 Decision Aids for Soldiers, Dr. D. Bryant and Dr. J. Hollands
(DRDC Toronto) ................................................................................... 43
3.5 Soldier-Vehicle Integration: A TTCP Approach, Dr. M. Ducharme
(DRDC Valcartier) ................................................................................ 44
Page v of 122
Breakaway Session 2. System Optimization: Solutions, Enabling Technologies,
Processes and Tools ....................................................................................... 45
Instructions for Breakaway Session 2 .............................................................. 46
Plenary Report Back for Breakaway Session 2................................................ 48
Detailed Results of Breakaway Session 2 ....................................................... 51
4. Exploring R&D Space: Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations ........ 52
Luncheon Speaker ................................................................................................. 52
4.1 Luncheon Speaker: Overview of the Strategic Aerospace and
Defence Industrial Program (SADI), Mr. M. A. Blais (IC-ITO) ............... 52
ICee Contest Winner Presentation Abstracts .......................................................... 53
4.2 Infantryman Communication Interface (ICI), Mr. A. Poirier,
Rheinmetall Defence ............................................................................ 53
4.3 Software Solutions for NVG ENVG Integration, Mr. G. Martin,
Robotics and Computer Vision System Integration .............................. 54
4.4 Human Performance Centered Engineering, Mr. J. Johnson,
SantosHuman ...................................................................................... 54
4.5 Knee Stress Release Device (K-SRD™), Mr. M. Rittenhouse,
B-TEMIA .............................................................................................. 55
Breakaway Session 3: R&D Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations .................. 56
Instructions for Breakaway Session 3 .............................................................. 56
Plenary Report Back from Breakaway Session 3 ............................................. 58
Results of Breakaway Session 3 ..................................................................... 58
5. Soldier Systems TRM Next Steps ................................................................ 68
SSTRM Next Steps and Workshop Closure, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC) ............... 68
Developing the Roadmap ....................................................................................... 69
Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki ............................................ 69
Page vi of 122
Appendixes
A. Workshop Agenda ........................................................................................ 70
B. List of Participants ........................................................................................ 72
C. Breakaway Session 1 Participant Input: Key Challenges by Theme ............ 76
D. Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization Solution:
Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools ............................................ 111
List of Figures
Figure 1. Soldier Human and Systems Integration and the
Soldier Systems TRM ............................................................................ 9
Figure 2. The Workshop Process ........................................................................ 10
Figure 3. The Human and Systems Integration Themes ..................................... 34
Figure 4. Breakaway Session 1 Plenary Report Back ......................................... 36
Figure 5. Example of Technology Roadmap Brainstorming Sticky ..................... 39
Figure 6. Technical-Functional Challenges Identified by
Workshop Participants .......................................................................... 38
Figure 7. The Shift to a Horizontal View of Capability Optimization .................... 46
Figure 8. The Challenge List for Step 1 of Breakaway Session 2 ....................... 47
Figure 9. The Table for Step 4 of Breakaway Session 2 ..................................... 47
Figure 10. Breakaway Session 2 Plenary Report Back—Potential
Solutions and Related Enabling Technologies ................................... 48
Figure 11. Sample Breakaway Session 3 Output Form ...................................... 57
Page vii of 122
Executive Summary
This report describes the Soldier Human and Systems Integration Workshop held in
Gatineau, Québec, in September, 2010—the sixth in a series of workshops held as part
of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmapping (SSTRM) initiative.
The Introduction, Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the SSTRM,
provides an overview of the roadmap, places the human and systems integration
workshop in the context of the roadmap, describes the workshop goal and process, and
includes abstracts of introductory presentations made at the workshop.
Chapter 1, Exploring Operational Space: Key Deficiencies and Priorities, provides
abstracts of workshop presentations focusing on the deficiencies and priorities
associated with human and systems integration and the Canadian soldier. It also
describes a demonstration presented by Canadian Forces personnel to illustrate those
deficiencies and priorities.
Chapter 2, Exploring Functional Space: Related H&SI Challenges, provides
presentation abstracts related to workshop themes and challenges. It also describes
breakaway session 1, a roundtable discussion during which workshop participants
refined their understanding of the challenges from the perspective of three workshop
themes.
Chapter 3, Exploring Solution Space: Enabling Technologies, Processes and
Tools, provides additional presentation abstracts and describes breakaway session 2,
during which workshop participants brainstormed on solutions to the challenges, and
related technologies for overall system optimization.
Chapter 4, Exploring R&D Space: Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations,
provides abstracts for the luncheon speaker and for ICee contest winner speakers. It
also describes breakaway session 3, during which workshop participants identified
collaborations for addressing solutions to integration and soldier systems needs.
Chapter 5, Soldier Systems Next Steps, describes the next phases in the SSTRM
process.
Appendixes provide the workshop agenda, a list of participants, and detailed participant
input from breakaway sessions 1 and 2.
Page 8 of 122
Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the SSTRM
The Soldier Human and Systems Integration Workshop was held in the Château Cartier
Hotel in Gatineau, Québec, September 21-22, 2010, as part of the development phase
of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmapping (SSTRM) initiative.
About the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project is a unique industry-government
collaboration that applies roadmapping principles and processes to develop a
comprehensive knowledge-sharing platform and identify emerging technology priorities
in support of the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort.
Participation in the Soldier Systems TRM is free and voluntary and open to Canadian
and international manufacturing, services, and technology-based companies of all sizes,
and to researchers and other experts from academia, government, and not-for-profit
research organizations from Canada and around the world.
The focus of the Soldier Systems TRM—the soldier system—is defined within NATO as
the integration of everything the soldier wears, carries and consumes for enhanced
individual and collective (small unit) capability within the national command and control
structure. It centers on the needs of the dismounted soldier, who is often away from the
supply network, and must be self-sufficient for up to 72 hours.
The overarching goal of the Soldier Systems TRM is to understand how today's
technology—and tomorrow's—might contribute to a superior soldier system that
increases capacities and operational effectiveness for the individual soldier in the five
NATO capability areas of Command, Control, Communications, Computers and
Intelligence (C4I); Survivability; Mobility; Lethality; and Sustainability.
The Soldier Systems TRM exercise is governed by an Executive Steering Committee
made up of government and industry representatives, and includes technical
subcommittees dedicated to each capability area.
For information about any aspect of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project,
visit http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca
Page 9 of 122
Human and Systems Integration Workshop and the Roadmap
Soldier Human and Systems Integration was the
sixth workshop held as part of the development
phase of the Soldier Systems TRM. (Figure 1.
Soldier Human and Systems Integration Workshop
and the Soldier Systems TRM).
The goals of the workshop were to:
identify/validate future soldier capability
requirements
identify/validate related technical/functional
challenges
identify/prioritize enabling/emerging
technologies, R&D focus areas and
collaboration opportunities.
Human and Systems Integration Theme
Areas
To help focus this effort, three human and systems
integration themes were identified:
1. Physical Integration on the soldier.
Internal physical integration.
2. Perceptual/Cognitive Integration on the
soldier. Internal psychological integration.
3. System Architecture and Interoperability.
External integration.
During parts of the workshop, tables were labeled
with these themes, giving participants the
opportunity to sit at tables consistent with their
primary areas of expertise and interest.
Figure 1. Soldier Human and Systems Integration
Workshop and the Soldier Systems TRM
4b). Technical
Workshop:
Sensors
1.
Visioning & Future Capabilities
2. Technical Workshop:
Power/Energy/Sustainability
3. Technical Workshop:
Weapons: Lethal & Non-Lethal
4a) Technical
Workshop:
C4I
5. Technical Workshop:
Survivability/Sustainability/
Mobility
6. Technical Workshop:
Human & Systems Integration
Roadmap Integration
Capstone Report
Information/feedback sessions
Page 10 of 122
The Workshop Process
To achieve its goal, the workshop followed a carefully designed, four-step process
(Figure 2. The Workshop Process):
1. Explore operational space to define the problem
2. Explore functional space to identify challenges
3. Explore solution space to define potential solutions/technologies and system
optimization
4. Explore S&T and R&D space to identify potential collaborations to build solutions
This report summarizes the presentations and breakaway sessions associated with each
step in the process. It follows the structure of the workshop agenda (Appendix A.
Workshop Agenda).
Figure 2. The Workshop Process
Page 11 of 122
Introductory Presentation Abstracts
Note. Complete workshop presentations are provided in Volumes 2 and 3 of the
workshop documentation. The presentations are also available in the ICee tool on the
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap web site: http://www.soldiersystems-
systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca and on the web site of the Strategic Review
Group: http://strategicreviewgroup.ca/
Opening Remarks, Mr. T. Elliot, DG IC; Dr. D. Reding, DG DRDC Toronto;
Mr. L. Garland (TSC Industry Co-Chair)
The workshop was opened, and participants welcomed, by Mr. Tim Elliot, Director
General, Industry Canada; Dr. Dale Reding, Director General, DRDC Toronto; and Mr.
Laurin Garland, of Vernac Ltd., Industry co-chair of the Human and Systems Integration
Technical Sub-committee of the Soldier System Technology Roadmap, representing
industry.
These speakers emphasized the importance of the Soldier Systems TRM as a vehicle
for promoting collaboration among the many stakeholders in the realm of the soldier
system, and welcomed and thanked those attending for their participation. Comments
included:
A recognition by Mr. Elliot of the innovative nature of the Innovation and
Collaboration Exchange Environment (ICee), the first public-facing Wiki of the
Government of Canada
The acknowledgement by Dr. Reding that the SSTRM is a way to support
Canada's soldier modernization effort by helping converge on future soldier
systems capability needs and the requisite supporting technologies, stimulate
and forecast technological developments, and provide the structure around which
planning and coordination of technical planning can take place
The observation by Mr. Garland that the SSTRM is a true collaborative effort by
industry, government and academia that is rare, and that promises concrete
results
Page 12 of 122
5
Cap
sto
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Rep
ort
& A
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Pla
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Development Phase Activities
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 1210/1109/10
Hu
ma
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Se
pt
21
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Launch Oct. 09 Web Collaboration Tool (ICee): Technologies & Capability database
PP
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Ott
aw
a)
C4I/
Sen
so
rs (
Mo
ntr
éal)
Weap
on
s E
ffects
(T
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)
Po
wer/
En
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Van
co
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Vis
ion
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(G
ati
neau
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Kic
k-o
ff (
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aw
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TR
M C
on
so
lid
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Wo
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ho
p
Clo
se u
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ven
t
201101 02 03 04
5
Cap
sto
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ep
ort
& A
cti
on
Pla
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Development Phase Activities
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 1210/1109/10
Hu
ma
n/S
ys
tem
s I
nte
gra
tio
n
(Ga
tin
ea
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Se
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-22
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Launch Oct. 09 Web Collaboration Tool (ICee): Technologies & Capability database
PP
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Ott
aw
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C4I/
Sen
so
rs (
Mo
ntr
éal)
Weap
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En
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Van
co
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Kic
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Wo
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201101 02 03 04
4
Functional Objective / Technical Challenge(Where to Put the Bar and When?)
Future soldier needs
(Performance requirements)
Ove
rall
Sys
tem
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e
Time
Technology
progre
ss
Current Gap
Perf. Excess ?
Today Cycle 1 Cycle 2… Cycle n
Future Needs
Perf.
Growth
Baseline
Performance Parameter (e.g. Bandwidth)Performance Parameter (e.g. Bandwidth)
Real Gap
4
Functional Objective / Technical Challenge(Where to Put the Bar and When?)
Future soldier needs
(Performance requirements)
Ove
rall
Sys
tem
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e
Time
Technology
progre
ss
Current Gap
Perf. Excess ?
Today Cycle 1 Cycle 2… Cycle n
Future Needs
Perf.
Growth
Baseline
Performance Parameter (e.g. Bandwidth)Performance Parameter (e.g. Bandwidth)
Real Gap
Workshop Program and TRM Background, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)
Defines and provides an
overview of the technology
roadmapping process.
Describes other Canadian
roadmapping experiences.
Outlines the Soldier Systems
TRM Project, including its
objectives and the roles of
industry/academia and
government. Describes the
overall TRM phases, including
the current Development
Phase. Outlines Development
Phase activities and schedule.
Workshop Process, Mr. P. Carr (Strategic Review Group Inc.)
Outlines the workshop
objectives. Describes the
workshop process. Asserts that
workshop success means
discussion, contribution,
collaboration, creativity, interest
and curiosity.
Presents a definition for
functional objective/technical
challenge.
Page 13 of 122
Soldier Systems TRM Update, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)
Outlines army capability
concepts and land systems,
and refers to the future security
environment. Describes the
Canadian Soldier
Modernization Effort (Army of
Tomorrow, Army of the Future
concepts). Defines the soldier
system as everything that a
soldier wears, carries,
consumes, or otherwise uses to
optimize and sustain his tasks
and performance
(cognitive/physical/social) in all
operational environments. Explains the "system of systems" approach and challenges.
Provides highlights of earlier
workshops: Power & Energy;
Soldier Lethal and Non-Lethal
Weapons; C4I-Sensors;
Soldier Survivability,
Sustainability, Mobility.
Outlines capability trade-offs,
and the hard problem of
balancing all aspects of the
soldier system to generate a
holistic solution that maximizes
soldier effectiveness.
Page 14 of 122
Page 15 of 122
1. Exploring Operational Space: Key Deficiencies and Priorities
This chapter provides abstracts of presentations that focused on Human and Systems
Integration deficiencies and challenges, and describes a demonstration presented by
Canadian Forces personnel to illustrate integration deficiencies and challenges.
Presentation Abstracts
1.1 Future Soldier System Capability Areas: H&SI Requirements and
Challenges, Maj. J. Herbert (DLR5-6)
Describes the tasks the
Canadian soldier is called on to
perform. Outlines the mission
of the Directorate of Land
Requirements (DLR).
Describes soldier system
requirements, the soldier of
today, the challenges
associated with meeting
capabilities. Describes the
ISSP Networked Soldier.
Presents a vision for soldier
system integration.
Emphasizes the need for
human testing of systems. Introduces the soldier demonstration that follows, using
Canadian Forces personnel to illustrate key integration challenges and human factors.
Page 16 of 122
1.2 Human and Systems Integration: Lethal and Non Lethal, Maj. B.
Gilchrist (DBRT 5-5)
Provides an overview of lethal
and non-lethal weapons effects
future requirements related to
human factors and systems
integration. Explains why non-
lethal effects are needed, and
describes the "escalation of
force continuum capability gap."
Describes small arms in current
use, and outlines the SARP 2
project to modernize or replace
most small arms. Emphasizes
the need to reduce weight and
to provide power to the system.
Page 17 of 122
Demonstration of Soldier Equipment/Usage by Mr. Douglas Palmer and Canadian Forces Personnel
A highlight of past Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap workshops has been a series
of demonstrations by Canadian Forces personnel illustrating the challenges associated
with performing combat missions using currently available equipment. At the Human and
Systems Integration Workshop, the demonstration involved a dismounted section in
partial battle gear exiting a LAV 3 armoured vehicle, performing a number of
manoeuvres, and returning to the vehicle.
The Cast of Characters
The demonstration was lead by Mr. D. Palmer of the Directorate of Land Requirements
(DLR 5) Soldier Systems Section, and a member of the Project Director Team for the
Integrated Soldier System Project. Mr. Palmer spent 42 years in the Canadian Forces,
most of them the Infantry.
The soldiers participating in the demonstration were:
A rifle section from the Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa. Two of the soldiers have
seen service in Afghanistan
A LAV 3 driver from Le Régiment de Hull, who has done a tour of duty in
Afghanistan
The vehicle used for the demonstration was a LAV 30140 provided by the Directorate of
Armored Vehicle Program Management. In addition to the soldiers used in the demo,
this vehicle normally has a commander and a gunner, which were not part of this demo.
Instructions for Observing the Demonstration
The workshop participants were asked to keep in mind two questions while observing
the demonstration:
1. Name one human/system integration issue that was not mentioned in the
demonstration.
2. Which integration issues or deficiencies do you think are the most important to
the soldier system?
Participants were told they would have an opportunity to provide their answers during a
plenary debriefing session following the demonstration.
Page 18 of 122
Introduction to the Demonstration
The demonstration was designed to provide the workshop audience with insights into the
human factors aspects of the soldier as a weapon platform within the dismounted
infantry.
Along with the associated presentations, it addressed the first part of the four-step
workshop process, exploring the operational space, and providing a capability recap and
demo to identify key deficiencies and priorities.
To prepare the audience for the demo, it was pointed out that they would see:
Basic load and equipment configurations for four Canadian Forces roles:
Commander, C9 Gunner, M203 Gunner, and rifleman
The soldiers would be divided into two four-man assault groups in an eight
person section
It was also pointed out what the audience would not see, and would need to remember:
The weight, volume, and power demands of the rifle section when combat loaded
(for the demonstration, not all of the usual equipment was included)
The demand for increased tactical-level individual and team performance in
complex terrain that is a result of a detailed understanding by the soldier of:
o What the commander wants to accomplish
o The situation that the soldier is being exposed to
o The ability to conduct target acquisition rapidly and accurately
The fact that, while equipment is designed to accommodate 95% of the
population, the expectation is that 100% of the population will be required and
capable of deploying and using all weapons and equipment
Page 19 of 122
The Action—Close With and Destroy the Enemy
The infantry's role is to close with and destroy the enemy—a task that places individuals
in direct contact with the enemy, where close combat is likely.
To illustrate a typical infantry mission, the demonstration was divided into seven sub-
demos, with the action becoming more intense and dynamic over time.
Action 1—Vehicle dismount into extended line
In this part of the demo, the rear door of the armoured vehicle was lowered, and the
soldiers:
Dismounted from the vehicle, orienting themselves toward the enemy (the vehicle
is always oriented with the enemy in front)
Made appropriate observations of the surrounding area
Took up fire positions, spacing to reduce casualties from enemy fire or IEDs
Began verbal communication about, and coordination of, their mission
Action 2—Movement into single file to wood line
In this part of the demo, the soldiers oriented themselves toward a line of woods, where
the enemy was thought to be positioned. This illustrated:
The type of all-round observation conducted by the soldiers on an ongoing basis
The continued spacing to reduce casualties
The ability to engage targets to either side of the soldiers
Ongoing communication and coordination via verbal and hand signals
Action 3—Movement in extended line over open ground
The soldiers then moved toward the enemy position, illustrating how very exposed
soldiers are in this type of operation. In the process, they continued to demonstrate the
all-round observation, spacing, ability to engage on left or right, and communication and
coordination activities that began when they first left the vehicle.
Page 20 of 122
Action 4—Movement into the vehicle
Returning from the wood line, the soldiers demonstrated how they re-enter the vehicle,
continuing to engage in all-round observation, and handing off observation
responsibilities as they enter the vehicle one-by-one. Coordination and communication
continued as before.
Action 5—Dismount to assault line
The soldiers then exited the vehicle again, and demonstrated an alignment designed to
use firepower to the front of the vehicle and engage the enemy as a section, covering
ground and engaging in close combat.
Action 6—Room clearance
The soldiers split into two groups to demonstrate entering and clearing a room. The
rooms were represented by areas marked on the parking lot where the demonstration
occurred. This illustrated:
The need for speed and good technique and tactics
The areas of responsibilities of the different soldiers
The need for continued communication and coordination
Action 7—Demonstration of individual roles
Finally, the soldiers made clear the different roles associated with the preceding actions:
An eight person section, make up of Sergeant, Master Corporal, and six
corporals or privates
Two assault groups of four persons (Sergeant and three corporals or privates)
Within each assault group, a Commander, C9 Gunner, M203 Gunner, and
Rifleman
Interaction with observers
Following the demonstration, the soldiers made themselves available to answer
questions and explain various pieces of equipment to the workshop participants. The
vehicle was also available to examine.
Page 21 of 122
The Plenary Debrief—Integration Issues Observed
After viewing the demonstration and interacting with the soldiers and equipment, the
workshop participants returned to the meeting room to answer the questions they had
been given:
1. Name one human/system integration issue that was not mentioned in the
demonstration.
2. Which integration issues or deficiencies do you think are the most important to
the soldier system?
What follows is a summary of observations shared by participants during the debrief.
Observation 1. Communications integration and coordination
Observed the need for communications integration and coordination among the
soldiers and between the soldiers and the vehicle
The vehicle driver and soldiers use separate communications systems
Observation 2. Customization
There was a lot of customization going on—soldiers customizing the kit they take
on operations
The backpacks the soldiers were carrying were light relative to the kit actually
carried in battle, which would make it even more difficult to exit and enter a
vehicle
Observation 3. Situation awareness
Having spoken to all eight soldiers about deficiencies, the comment about
situation awareness (SA) kept coming up
The level of SA provided will need to be adjusted to minimize information
overload, and SA is not meant to be used during close-combat action
Observation 4. Low visibility for driver and commander
Visibility for the driver and commander is limited
It takes time to transition from darkness to bright sunlight or heavy fog
Noted that there is a screen inside the vehicle to show what the driver sees
outside the vehicle
Page 22 of 122
Observation 5. Integration and compatibility of the equipment
The communications system doesn't seem to fit well with the rest of the
equipment
Additional ammunition is needed but can get in the way
Best arrangement of equipment on the soldier is not trivial and is subject to
personal preferences
Compatibility issues mainly raised for the gas mask which is not fully compatible
with the communications system (Putting on the mask means losing the
communications system, and resorting to hand signals)
Observation 6. Lack of communication/education
Soldiers could be better informed about the equipment development/acquisition
process, i.e., explaining why decisions are made
Need to better inform soldiers and get them more involved in feedback/decisions
about equipment
Observation 7. International considerations
Canada rarely deploys as a single force, but is integrated with NATO and others
What are the interoperability capabilities among different NATO forces? Different
equipment, different ammunition
Observation 8. The soldier as sensor
The soldier is the main sensor system out there
Integration of remote sensors, unmanned systems, would significantly reduce the
risk and lower the workload on the soldier
Observation 9. Soldiers vs. police and first responders
The soldier kit doesn‘t seem as much state-of-the-art as police and first
responders' kit
Little things can make big differences—e.g., gloves that don't allow easy use of
equipment, a holster that is not optimal for operations, a load-carrying vest that
works
Some of these minor deficiencies noted may be addressed easily and at low cost
The equipment display didn‘t appear to be as fully integrated as it could be
Page 23 of 122
Observation 10. Human thermoregulation issues
Enhanced thermoregulation (heat/cold management) was raised as an important
issue, especially heat stroke prevention and cold management
Observation 11. The tactical vest
Limitations of current vest for carrying more equipment
Carrying 10 mags of ammunition in actual operations means less space for other
components
Need the ability to snap equipment components into place
Observation 12. No knee or elbow protection
The soldiers were not wearing knee and elbow protection
It was raised that knee pads are part of the current kit, but were not worn during
the demo
Need to have a solution that stays in place and permits the soldier the flexibility to
reach all equipment
Observation 13. More gear means less mobility
The soldiers didn't wear everything they could possibly have in the demo—for
example, no night-vision binoculars, no illuminator (TAG IR) for night ops that
shows position
Soldier equipment solutions are always adjusted to its mission. Close combat
night operations are the most demanding situations where more equipment is
needed
Need to bear in mind that the more equipment a soldier carries the less mobile
the soldier becomes
Observation 14. Different sensors from different companies
Part of the problem is that different sensors come from different companies, each
with their own IP, which limits full integration
Need to define good interface standard
Need to find ways enabling all the different sensors to work together
Observation 15. Accessibility of sensors
Sensors are only good if the soldier can reach them and use them
Optimal sensors location is critical
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Weight/volume
Load carriage
Mobility vs Protection
Power
Consumption
Nature
Anthropometrics
Soldier – Vehicle Interoperability
Communications
Target Detect-Discriminate-Inform-Prosecute
Soldier Demo – Key Integration Challenges
Weight/volume
Load carriage
Mobility vs Protection
Power
Consumption
Nature
Anthropometrics
Soldier – Vehicle Interoperability
Communications
Target Detect-Discriminate-Inform-Prosecute
Soldier Demo – Key Integration Challenges
Observation 16. Kudos for including a vehicle in the demonstration
Kudos for including a vehicle in the demonstration, so that it was more realistic
Vehicles are used well in support of the soldier—e.g., for power and other
functions—and need to be considered with the soldier system. They are not just
for loading and carrying, but provide support in many ways
What additional ways could the vehicle be used to support the soldiers once they
had exited?
Conclusions
The feedback received from
the participants during the
plenary session is coherent
with the integration challenges
identified by the Army:
weight/volume; power;
anthropomentrics; soldier-
vehicle interoperability; and
target detection,
discrimination, information,
and prosecution. In addition,
workshop participants went beyond these basic challenges to describe other points and
challenges during the plenary.
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Chapter 2. Exploring Functional Space: Related H&SI Challenges
This chapter provides abstracts of workshop presentations that focused on Human and
Systems Integration challenges. It also describes Breakout Session 1. Key Challenges
for Human and Systems Integration Themes.
Presentation Abstracts
2.1 Introduction to Workshop Themes and Physical Ergonomics and
Integration Challenges, Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto)
Defines the multidisciplinary field of Human and Systems Integration (HSI). Presents a
model for considering the
soldier as a system. Introduces
the workshop HSI themes:
Physical Integration on
the soldier
Perceptual/Cognitive
Integration on the
soldier
System Architecture and
Interoperability.
Outlines the physical
ergonomics and integration
challenges faced.
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Page 27 of 122
2.2 Soldier Equipment/Vehicle/Communications Integration
Requirements, Mr. M. A. Rochon (DSSPM-10-4-4)
Provides an overview of the
Soldier Modernization Program
and integration requirements.
Describes key goals for C4I,
power, communications,
position generation, and battle
management. Describes
current and future solutions for
a rifleman personal network.
Emphasizes the need to
enhance all aspects of soldier
capabilities, reduce cognitive
load, minimize user
intervention, and minimize
weight and volume.
2.3 USMC Approach to Soldier Burden, Mr. D. Tack (Humansystems Inc.
Rep. USMC MERS Project)
Describes the Marine
Expeditionary Rifle Squad
(MERS) mission. Outlines MC-
LEAP, the Marine Corps Load
Effects Assessment Program.
Discusses the marine burden,
program aims, and the LEAP
data cloud, which includes
dimensions of weight, stiffness,
and bulk. Describes the "design
light" initiative. Provides
overview of sensor integration
and hearing protection.
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2.4 Luncheon Speaker: Dr. E. S. Redden (ARL), Advanced Interfaces for
Dismounted Warfighters
Describes the ways that
displays are used. Provides
examples of advanced displays,
including multifunction displays
(MFDs). Describes displays
currently used, and lessons
learned from them.
Introduces helmet-mounted
displays, and potential
problems with them. Discusses
fused night-vision goggles,
including urban enhanced night
vision goggles (UENVG).
Discusses conformational displays, including flexible displays and tactile displays.
Introduces see-through displays, including augmented reality displays.
Notes that civilian technology offers examples to learn from and leverage. Concludes
that:
the dismounted warfighter is the most difficult customer for displays
as technology advances, today's failures may be tomorrow's successes
displays should be chosen based on mission requirements, echelon level, and
environmental considerations
human factors considerations and experimentation are critical for effective
display design
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2.5 Challenges of Soldier Protection Integration, Mr. S. Boyne
(DRDC Toronto)
Provides an overview of the
challenges associated with
soldier equipment integration,
weapon integration, equipment
integration (including packs,
helmets, and other items), and
vehicle integration. Makes the
case for a modular approach to
integrating all elements of the
soldier system. Provides
example of a modular approach
to integrating protection and
sensors in the soldier helmet.
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2.6 Requirements for Enhancing Soldier Perception, Situation
Awareness and Cognition, Mr. D. Tack (Humansystems Inc.)
Explains what situation
awareness is, and why it is
important. Provides a picture of
the anticipated future
battlespace, with net-enabled
weapons, netted fires, adaptive
dispersed operation, a
dismounted role, and night
operations.
Describes the forms that
situation awareness can take,
and how situation awareness
needs can vary.
Explains why human and
system integration is important
for situation awareness
systems. Describes ways to
enhance visual, auditory, and
tactual senses. Emphasizes
that effective situation aware is
very complex.
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2.7 Soldier System Integration Challenges and Issues: An Industry
Perspective, Mr. W. Downing (Industry Rep, TSC Speech)
Provides an overview of the future
soldier. Describes challenges facing
the soldier, including rapidly changing
technologies, the need for integrated
systems, and the need to manage the
equipment lifecycle. Outlines the
needs, including integrated/modular
systems, power, information, weight
management, training, and life cycle
and supply chain management.
Proposes a development paradigm to
follow and proposed roles for industry
and the Government (Department of
National Defence).
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2.8 ICee-Wiki Update, Mrs. M. Huard (IC-DND)
Describes the Innovation,
Collaboration and Exchange
Environment (ICee), a web-
based application for capturing,
organizing and sharing
information on future
capabilities, technologies,
projects, products and other
items relevant to the Canadian
Forces Modernization Effort
used to feed the Soldier
Systems Technology
Roadmap. Outlines recent
enhancements. Makes the case
for exploring and using the ICee to stay up to date with, and contribute to, the technology
roadmap. Notes that there are currently over 400 users of the ICee-Wiki.
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Breakaway Session 1. Key Challenges for Human and Systems Integration Themes
The goal of the first breakaway session was to have workshop participants discuss their
understanding of key human and
systems integrations issues based on
the preceding presentations and on
their own areas of expertise, and to
provide oral and written feedback on
those discussions.
The breakout session addressed the
second of the four steps in the
workshop process: exploring functional
space and identifying related human
and systems integration functional and
technical challenges for internal,
physical/cognitive, and system
architecture and interoperability
(external integration).
Themes for Breakaway Session 1
To ensure that all areas of integration received attention, that participants were able to
focus on their areas of interest and expertise, and that each of the approximately twenty
tables had participants from different sectors, the participants were asked to follow a
seating plan and to focus on one of three themes that had been defined based on input
from the Human and Systems Integration Technical Sub-Committee:
1. Physical Integration on the soldier
2. Perceptual/Cognitive Integration on the soldier
3. System Architecture and Interoperability
For more detail about the scope of each theme, see Figure 3.
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Figure 3. The Human and Systems Integration Themes
Theme 1 – Physical Integration on the Soldier
Soldier system Characterization (e.g., physical environment, task analyses, user characteristics)
Soldier Burden (physiology, load and volume/bulk, biomechanics)
Usability/ergonomy
Fit/form/Anthropometry
Demographics
Compatibility/Interfaces
Display and Controls Hardware
Tools and Processes
Theme 2—Perceptual/Cognitive Integration on the Soldier
Soldier Burden (workload, information)
Situation Awareness
Soldier Interfaces to Enhance Perception and Cognition (from displays to decision-making tools on soldier computers)
Displays and Controls Software (GUI)
Tools and Processes
Usability
Decision aids
Theme 3—System Architecture & Interoperability (External Integration)
Integration/Interoperability with Other Platforms
o Vehicles
o Weapon Systems
o C4I Systems
o Autonomous Sensors (UXV)
System Architecture
o Modularity/Configurability
o Adaptability
o Scalability
o Hardware Integration/Optimization
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Seating Plan for Breakaway Session 1
Each table in the room was
labelled with one of the three
themes that had been defined,
and participants were asked to
sit at a table with the theme of
their choice.
Participants were also asked to
follow the Table Seating Rules
outlined in the slide shown here.
Instructions for Breakaway Session 1
Participants were given the following question to discuss at each table:
What are the 5 most important functional challenges related to your Human and
Systems Integration theme? What's the problem? (You can express it as a
technical challenge too.)
1. E.g., Critical parameter (e.g., Balance, bandwidth)
2. What should it be (setting the bar for 2020 & 2025)?
They were asked to record their answers on flipcharts, and to follow these rules:
Sit with people from other organizations
Fill the tables
Choose a leader and recorder
Write clearly
Focus on the questions
Ask facilitators for clarifications, if necessary
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Plenary Report Back for Breakaway Session 1
When the participants had
completed the Breakaway
Session 1 task, a report back
(plenary) session was held to
give them the opportunity to
share their results verbally with
the other workshop participants.
The slide shown here provided
guidelines for the session.
What follows, in Figure 4,
Breakout Session 1 Plenary
Report Back, is a summary of
the points made during the
report back.
Figure 4. Breakaway Session 1 Plenary Report Back
Theme 1—Physical Integration on the Soldier (4 Tables Reporting)
1. Setting standards
Setting standards is a complex process requiring coordination
Interoperability is difficult when there is a proprietary mindset
2. Complexity and uncertainty of trade-offs
Same issue, but key label is "Complexity and uncertainty of various trade-offs"
Looked at performance vs. options—there must be a "sweet zone" where you want to find yourself
Could be balancing anything from cost, to system performance, to the complexity of the system .
No self-evident road to go down—it's a multi-dimensional problem based on complex systems
The challenge is to define overall system requirements precisely, to decide on overall trade offs
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Figure 4. Breakaway Session 1 Plenary Report Back
3. Soldier burden
One of the challenges is related the procurement process
Technology is moving extremely quickly, and there is a need for a more evolutionary approach to the acquisition process
Need to ensure an acquisition cycle that fits with rapidly evolving technology
4. Encumbrance: a psychological tolerance to carrying load
Challenge is resisting homeostatis—i.e., you could do all the work you want to reduce the weight of items, but the soldier will still load himself up with more stuff
Need to encourage the soldier not to overload himself.
Theme 2—Perceptual/Cognitive Integration on the Soldier (2 Tables Reporting)
1. Don't forget the "human" in human factors
DND representatives at the table were treated as the customers, and asked what their issues are
The human must be in control of the information, because that is the nature of who we are
Anything we do moving forward should recognize we are humans, and the system must adapt to the human rather than the other way around
Looking forward, in 25 years, imagine having a laser on a rifle that enables you to laser anything in range; you push a button and you are given all necessary information about the target
2. Information overload
The real issue is that soldiers today are getting too much information, a lot of it contradictory, missing, or wrong, and they are overwhelmed by data and unable to glean the necessary information
Need complete information, but not overloaded
Situational awareness, eyes forward, moving ahead
The soldier can't choose what information is delivered
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Figure 6. Technical-Functional Challenges Identified by Workshop Participants During Breakout Session 1
Theme 1—Physical Integration
1. Improving system characterization (physical) 13. Improving socio/psychological readiness
2. Improving tools & processes (physical) 14. Enhancing/augmenting soldier perception
3. Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload)
15. Reducing cognitive burden (information load)
4. Improving physical usability 16. Improving situation awareness/understanding
5. Improving modularity/configurability 17. Improving decision making
6. Improving fit, form, anthropometry 18. Enhancing displays/GUI
7. Improving interfaces compatibility 19. Improving human computer interaction
8. Improving body-worn equipment/sensors integration Theme 3—External Integration
9. Improving display/control hardware design 20. Improving integration with weapons
Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration 21. Improving integration with C4I systems
10. Improving system characterization (psychological) 22. Improving integration with combat vehicles
11. Improving tools & processes (psychological) 23. Improving integration with autonomous vehicle/sensors
12. Reducing the effects of stressors 24. Enabling future capability growth
Detailed Results of Breakaway Session 1
Following the breakaway session, the flipcharts on which participants had written their
responses were collected and compiled. The results are provided in Appendix C,
Breakaway Session 1 Participant Input: Key Challenges by Theme.
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Homework Instructions
After Breakaway Session 1, before ending the first day of the workshop, participants
were given a homework assignment that would get them started working on potential
solutions to the challenges previously identified. That involved:
1. Getting 3 stickies from the facilitators.
2. Picking 3 of the challenges already discussed.
3. Filling in the blanks on the stickies to describe proposed solution, development
timeframe, related technologies, technology readiness level (TRL), and key
players in the area.
4. Bringing the stickies to Day 2 of the workshop.
Figure 5. Example of Technology Roadmap Brainstorming Sticky
To help participants fill in their 3 stickies, they were given this example of a completed sticky.
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3. Exploring Solution Space: Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools
This chapter describes the "stickies on the wall" exercise, which was conducted at the
start of the second day of the workshop. It also provides abstracts of the presentations
preceding the second breakaway session, and describes Breakaway Session 2: The
Technical Challenges
Stickies on the Wall Exercise
Between the first and second day of the workshop, the SSTRM team identified a list of
technical-functional challenges based on participant input during the first day.
Before the start of
the second day,
staff constructed a
grid on two walls of
the meeting room
(as shown here),
with the challenges
listed across the top,
grouped by the three integration themes of physical, psychological/cognitive, and system
architecture and interoperability.
At the start of the second day, and during the first coffee break, workshop participants
copied the stickies they had filled in as homework, and posted them on the grid to be
used during the second breakaway session described later in this chapter.
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Presentation Abstracts
3.1 Challenges and Tools for Effective Soldier System Integration,
Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto)
Describes the Human-System
Integration (HSI) process.
Outlines a process for ensuring
that HSI is considered in soldier
systems. Describes the Army
Combat Clothing and
Equipment Survey System
(ACCESS) and the 1997 Land
Forces Anthropometric Survey.
Introduces BoSS XXI Body
Scanning system, explains how
it works, and compares results
with the 1997 survey.
Outlines the way ahead,
including challenges associated
with clothed anthro for
workspace modelling and other
anthropometry challenges,
such as workspace modeling
and analysis, an Advanced
Personal Load Carriage
System (APLCS),
biomechanical modeling tools,
an integrated performance
modelling environment, virtual
reality tools. Describes the key
challenge as developing a
measurement of effective soldier system integration. Discussed "A Soldier's Day Multi-
media Database," designed to inform all stakeholders in R&D, materiel development,
acquisition and life cycle management about the actual Canadian soldier system.
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3.2. The Role of Biomechanics in Effective Soldier System Integration, Dr.
J. Stevenson (Queen's University)
Defines and explains the
importance of biomechanics for
the soldier system. Describes
tools for measuring
biomechanics, including direct
and indirect internal forces,
effects at the human-object
interface, motion, line of sight,
and sound. Explains
ergonomics. Describes using
the military or Caesar (Civilian
American and European
Anthropometric Resource)
database to aid in design.
Discusses soldier system integration. Describes the ERG mission, objectives and
process.
3.3 Virtual Simulations for Soldiers: Concepts and Applications,
Dr. F. Bernier (DRDC Valcartier)
Defines immersive virtual
simulation. Describes the
Virtual Immersion Laboratory
(VIL), and the Gaming and
Emerging Technology
Laboratory (GETL). Outlines
DRDC defence and security
activities. Describes
approaches to creating a
Stressful Virtual Environment
(SVE). Provides the example of
medic training in a combat
environment.
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3.4 Decision Aids for Soldiers, Dr. D. Bryant and Dr. J. Hollands (DRDC
Toronto)
Defines combat identity (CID).
Explains decision support
concepts. Outlines IMMERSIVE
(Instrumented Military Modeling
Engine for Research using
Simulation and Virtual
Environments). Describes
immersive bots (robotic
compute controlled entities),
simulated rifle-mounted IFF.
Discusses testing done, and
resulting hit rates and false
alarm rates. Describes current
BFT (Blue Force Tracking)
systems and studies.
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3.5 Soldier-Vehicle Integration: A TTCP Approach, Dr. M. Ducharme
(DRDC Valcartier)
Provides an overview of TTCP
(The Technical Cooperation
Program) Land TP-2.
Discusses land-systems
integration, and the system-of-
systems approach. Describes
the vehicle integration study,
focusing on the integrated
soldier and vehicle protection,
and the networked soldier and
vehicle integration. Describes
the Land Systems Integration
Laboratory (SIL), and the TP-2
vision in development. The 3
TTCP reports will be posted on the ICee too whenever the final versions are completed.
Page 45 of 122
Breakaway Session 2. System Optimization: Solutions, Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools
The second breakaway
session addressed the third
part of the four-step workshop
process: exploring the solution
space and identifying potential
solutions/technologies for
system optimization.
The goal of the session was to
brainstorm solutions and their
related technologies (S&T) for
an overall system
optimization. For the session,
participants were asked to
change the lens through which
overall soldier system capability optimization was viewed—that is, to shift the
perspective from the vertical orientation to a horizontal view that integrated solutions
across silos (figure 7).
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Figure 7. The Shift to a Horizontal View of Capability Optimization
Instructions for Breakaway Session 2
The workshop participants were given the following instructions :
1. Review the challenge list (distributed on each table) (5 minutes)
(See Figure 8).
2. Share your proposed solutions (homework stickies) (15 to 20 minutes).
3. Identify 3 to 5 new potential horizontal solutions and related technologies.
4. Summarize your answers on the table provided
(See Figure 9).
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Figure 8. The Challenge List for Step 1 of Breakaway Session 2
Figure 9. The Table for Step 4 of Breakaway Session 2
Page 48 of 122
Plenary Report Back for Breakaway Session 2
When the participants had
completed the Breakaway
Session 2 task, a plenary
session was held to give them
an opportunity to share their
results verbally with the other
workshop participants. The
slide shown here provided
guidelines for the session.
What follows, in Figure 10, is a
summary of the points made
during the report back and
later collected from each table
of participants.
Figure 10. Breakaway Session 2 Plenary Report Back—Potential Solutions and Related Enabling Technologies
Table 1
1. Wearable power.
Use of newer technologies to allow recharge at the platoon level
Technical/functional challenges 8, 2, 5
2. Device proliferation
How to militarize existing integrated consumer applications
Technology challenges 3, 5, 16
3. Difficulty of gathering and applying field feedback.
Need to get immediate small groups of soldiers returning from deployment, specifically infantry, engineers, medics, armoured and gunners
Technology challenges 20, 21, and 22
Table 2
1. Reducing burden.
Need to save weight and integrate with fibre optical and other textile technology
Technology challenges 3, 6, and 11
2. Sensor Integration
Need standards for defining standards and minimum interoperability requirements
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Figure 10. Breakaway Session 2 Plenary Report Back—Potential Solutions and Related Enabling Technologies
Table 3
1. Improving body worn sensors integration
Technology challenge 8
The backbone of the system will have to be a "smart skin" that will provide a physical backbone for connectivity
2. Reducing the effects of stressors
Technology challenge 12
The skin will have to provide environmental controls (e.g., for heat and cold)
3. Improving integration with C4I Systems
Technology challenge 21
The skin must be wired to a PAN (Personal Area Network)
Table 4
1. Improve modularity/configurability
The vest becomes a modular system on which the soldier can connect components
The weapon is also modular, and components can connect to it
2. Improve interface compatibility
This becomes a mission-specific issue
Software should use all available information and provide details for each soldier and soldier group as to what they need for the mission
The vest and weapons must be modular enough to attach what they need for the mission
Table 5
1. Need a mandated requirement for Human/Systems integration program
Best way to address all integration needs
HSI must be mandated as a key component of all projects—cuts across all processes and programs
It was done in the States, and can be done here
2. Multiple functional and technical challenges (physical)
Cut across many challenges on the physical interface, sensor integration and C4I integration
Key is to use multi-functional materials and devices
3. Multiple functional and technical challenges (optimized Human/Machine interface)
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Figure 10. Breakaway Session 2 Plenary Report Back—Potential Solutions and Related Enabling Technologies
Need a common, tailored, optimized soldier system human/machine interface
Would enable cutting across an enormous number of challenges
Table 6
1. Improving integration with everything
Challenges 20-23--Define an integration process and project management process that gets applied to all design problems—an integration process
Integration with weapons, C4I, vehicles, sensors, and so on—a system of systems
Integrating a text bed that includes actual soldiers in the testing
From a physiological and psychological perspective, the soldier is not going to change noticeable over the next 100 years
Define those boundaries, which are independent of technology, as the start point for integration
2. Integrating HSI into the acquisition process
Need to legislate human systems integration into the acquisition process
DRDC taking the lead to develop a Human/Systems Integration lab where industry can come to get info and try out solutions with real soldiers
Table 7
Smart textiles
Regroup as much as possible to think in terms of system of systems
Breathable textiles; drug-dispensing textiles; self-cleaning textiles; conductive fibres; energy-harvesting textiles; harvesting water textiles
For C4I—smart visors
Table 8
Battle space situational awareness
Looked at challenges 7, 16, and 21, with a few others thrown in
Focus was on battle space, and situational awareness between the top and front line
Ability to use comms type system with filtering capability dealing with audio, text, symbols
Table 9
1. Displays
Challenges 4, 5 and 7: improving physical usability, modularity, configurability and system compatibility—all intertwined
Looked at displays, and having only one display per soldier
2. User Interfaces
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Figure 10. Breakaway Session 2 Plenary Report Back—Potential Solutions and Related Enabling Technologies
Need to focus on user interfaces and basing them on background knowledge of how commercial companies use them.
Must be high-impact—don't need all small improvements, must be important
Table 10
1. Improving interface capability
Important to be able to connect all components of system with common power source
Need unlimited connectivity
Hope military will continue to describe needs
Need to focus on connectors and standard for small, light-weight connectors
2. Reducing physical burden
Smart textiles in garments
Integration of systems
3. Improving fit/form and anthropometry
SkeletBone skin that does not lose user capabilities
Table 11
Sensor integration
Need to enable modularity—to make equipment from different suppliers available
Need an industry/government standards ecosystem that would be responsible for defining standards and minimum requirements
Need to modify the procurement process –go through the process, select a short list of vendors who come close, and then choose a supplier
Related to the procurement process, need to look at a minimum threshold and some kind of point system beyond that
Detailed Results of Breakaway Session 2
Following the breakaway session, the stickies and the completed tables were collected
and compiled. The results are provided in Appendix D, Breakaway Session 2 Participant
Input: System Optimization. Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools.
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4. Exploring R&D Space: Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations
This chapter provides abstracts of the luncheon presentation and ICee contest winner
presentations that preceded the third breakaway session. It also describes Breakaway
Session 3: Focus Areas and Collaborations.
Luncheon Speaker
4.1 Luncheon Speaker: Overview of the Strategic Aerospace and
Defence Industrial Program (SADI), Mr. M. A. Blais (IC-ITO)
Provides an overview of the
Strategic Aerospace and
Defence Initiative (SADI), which
was launched in April 2007 as a
replacement for Technology
Partnerships Canada (TPC).
Describes SADI objectives,
eligibility requirements, proposal
assessment criteria, benefits
monitoring, and repayment
plans. Provides contact
information.
Industrial Technology Office - Overview
3
SADI Objectives
Encourage strategic R&D that will result in innovation and
excellence in new products and services;
Enhance the competitiveness of Canadian aerospace, defence,
space and security companies; and,
Foster collaboration between research institutes, universities,
colleges, and the private sector.
Industrial Technology Office - Overview
3
SADI Objectives
Encourage strategic R&D that will result in innovation and
excellence in new products and services;
Enhance the competitiveness of Canadian aerospace, defence,
space and security companies; and,
Foster collaboration between research institutes, universities,
colleges, and the private sector.
Page 53 of 122
ICee Contest Winner Presentation Abstracts
Following are abstracts of presentations made by workshop participants who won the
ICee contest associated with the Soldier Systems and Human Integration workshop.
These participants, or their organizations, posted relevant information on the ICee, were
entered in a draw as a results, and won the opportunity to present at the workshop.
4.2 Infantryman Communication Interface (ICI), Mr. A. Poirier,
Rheinmetall Defence
Describes the need for tailored
C4I solutions with a minimal set
of features to address specific
soldier missions. Outlines
design constraints. Proposes a
solution: the Soldier
Communication Interface (ICI),
which acts as an intelligent link
between the customer GPS and
radio to provide improved
soldier capabilities.
Describes the radio interface,
solution GPS interface, power
considerations, and system
integration and human factor considerations.
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4.3 Software Solutions for NVG ENVG Integration, Mr. G. Martin,
Robotics and Computer Vision System Integration
Points out that no automation
system is more accurate than
its instrument. Describes
problems associated with image
fusion and night vision. Explains
the high-accuracy camera
calibration, software image
correction, and sub-pixel edge
analysis solution offered by
Robotics and Computer Vision
System Integration. Describes
calibration performance criteria,
and presents calibration results.
4.4 Human Performance Centered Engineering, Mr. J. Johnson,
SantosHuman
Describes the synthetic
environment created by
SantosHuman using soldier-
centered engineering. Explains
the human digital modeling
used to build a unique virtual
human, and the advantages of
using the virtual human in a
variety of testing situations.
Describes VTOS, the Virtual
Try-Out Space, its applications
and advantages for developing
a range of predictive
capabilities to help improve
human performance, provide crew safety, and evaluate designs.
Page 55 of 122
4.5 Knee Stress Release Device (K-SRD™), Mr. M. Rittenhouse,
B-TEMIA
Provides a corporate overview
of B-TEMIA. Describes the
issue of overload bearing, and
the cost in terms of injury,
reduced operational efficiency,
and therapy and rehabilitation.
Introduces the knee stress
release device design to
provide active support to the
lower extremities, assists in gait
activities, and provides
additional power to the knee.
Describes performance
evaluation of the proof-of-
concept prototype, including video of outdoor trials.
Page 56 of 122
Breakaway Session 3: R&D Focus Areas and Potential Collaborations
The third breakaway session
addressed the final stage in the
workshop process: exploring the
Research and Development space
and identifying R&D focus areas and
potential collaborations.
It's goal was to have participants
identify enabling technologies having
the potential to address the
challenges presented earlier,
describe the necessary R&D efforts
and identify the key players in the
domain.
Instructions for Breakaway Session 3
The workshop participants were given the following objective and instructions:
1. Select 2 or 3 most enabling technologies (S&T)
(right column on your summary sheet from session 2)
2. Explain briefly why you chose them
3. Describe the R&D efforts that should be pursued for each enabling
technology
4. Identify collaborators that could be involved in these R&D efforts
They were provided with output forms on which to organize their results for the
breakaway session (See Figure 11. Sample Breakaway Session 3 Output Form.)
Page 57 of 122
Figure 11. Sample Breakaway Session 3 Output Form
Page 58 of 122
Plenary Report Back from Breakaway Session 3
When the participants had
completed the Breakaway Session 3
task, a plenary session was held to
give them an opportunity to share
their results verbally with the other
workshop participants. The slide
shown here provided guidelines for
the session, which consisted of
describing the R&D areas of focus
and the collaborators identified.
Results of Breakaway
Session 3
The following tables describe horizontal, cross-cutting R&D efforts that participants at
the workshop suggested would contribute to human/system integration for the soldier.
Each of the following R&D focus area section includes:
A description of the R & D Area
The relevant R&D requirements
Potential collaborators/experts in the domain that were identified
Page 59 of 122
R&D Focus Area 1. Smart Clothing/Uniform
Description System connectivity/intelligent textiles/conformal connectors/"intelligent skin" project
Tables 21, 23, 18
Relevant R&D
Ergonomics, "thermo mechanical, physiological properties"
System architecture, technical specifications
Integration with fabric, nanotechnologies, textile technologies
Methods of transferring signal, data/interface/open architecture/local TCPIP/"nervous systems"
Adaptable connector and physical interface
Advanced fibre optics for personal networks
Self-sensing data/bus type and data format
Flexible transport implementation
location of connectors/wires
Potential Collaborators
Fabric
Foster Miller
Intelligent Textiles
Lincoln Textiles
CTT Group
Corcan Textiles
Design (soft goods)
Pacific Safety Products
Mustang Survival
Allen Vanguard
Power supply/integrators/electronics
Rockwell Collins International
Rheinmetall
Intel
AMD
NRC
Canadian Space Agency
Vetra Electronics
Teraxion
TR Labs
Wiring and connectors
Tyco
Precision Interconnectors
Raytheon
Glenair
Physical Optics Corporation
Human factors, HSI:
HUMANsystems,
Shumac
NRC
Universities: Queens, Alberta, Carleton
University of Alberta
Page 60 of 122
R&D Focus Area 2. Improved Situation Awareness
Description Information management and distribution for improved situational awareness
Tables 22
Relevant R&D
Bandwidth management using PRR's
Prioritizing, categorizing information
Dynamic communications system
Potential Collaborators
Communications Research Centre
Communications Security Establishment
General Dynamics
Raytheon
HUMANsystems Inc.
Rheinmetall
Northrop Grumman Mission Systems Europe
Shumac
LTi Software and Engineering
Page 61 of 122
R&D Focus Area 3. Smart Vest Concept
Description A modular vest with a better interface.
Tables 19
Relevant R&D
Mechanical joints between rigid and flexible support (cloth)
Adding sensors, radios, computers, displays, input devices, etc. into vest
Centralized power sources/batteries
Potential Collaborators
Human Factors
HUMANsystems Inc.
Protective materials, fabrics
Pacific Safety Products Ltd.
Lincoln Fabrics
NRC - IAR, materials and analysis
Intelligent Textiles
Corcan textiles
Allen Vanguard
Devices/integrators/battery companies
Raytheon
Page 62 of 122
R&D Focus Area 4. Multifunctional materials
Description Materials that can perform a range of functions (e.g., power conduction, communications, temperature control
Tables 6
Relevant R&D
"Disciplines to mash-up"
Smart fabrics
Low temperature semiconductor deposition
Nanotechnology
Ballistic materials science
Potential Collaborators
Intelligent Textiles Ltd
IPE Stuttgart
MIT
Carleton University
NRC - IAR & IMI
BAE Systems
Allen Vanguard
Armorworks Inc.
Pacific Safety Products
Page 63 of 122
R&D Focus Area 5. A common, cross-platform, human/machine interface
Description A common, cross-platform, human/machine interface
Tables 6, 3
Relevant R&D
Cognitive human factors - HMI design
Display technology
Displays for all tasks and environments
Gaming engineers
Defence system integrators
Potential Collaborators
Universities: Waterloo, Toronto, Carleton
Therefore Design
Kent Displays
Liteye Systems
Philips
EA Games
Nintendo
Advanced Human Factors Inc.
HUMANsystems Inc.
Rheinmetall
Raytheon
Corcan Textiles
Vetronics (General Dynamics)
WAMCO ?
ASU
Apple
Dell
Sony Panasonic
Sharp
Hunting gear designers
Page 64 of 122
R&D Focus Area 6. Anthropometric data collection
Description Anthropometric data collection capability—CAD tool
Tables 3
Relevant R&D
Blue screen technology
Automation of 3D CAD models (data capture and store)
Defining "proper sample"
Development of more detailed and capable models - feet vs. hands vs. head
Biometrics - full range - behavioural task analysis
Potential Collaborators
Human Santos
Universities: Queen's, Toronto
Page 65 of 122
R&D Focus Area 7. Virtual simulators
Description Virtual simulators
Tables
Relevant R&D
Ability to link up multiple people with the same scenario
Potential Collaborators
Canadian Electronic Consortium
Film and special effects industry
Communications Research Centre
Gaming industry
Digital media companies
Carleton University HotLab
Tyco Electronics
LTi Software and Engineering
Page 66 of 122
R&D Focus Area 8. Exoskeleton
Description Exoskeleton
Tables
Relevant R&D
Resolve power portability - power to exceed 72 hours
Potential Collaborators
NRC Energy Lab
Ballard Power
Rockwell Collins
Ultralife
Lockheed Martin
B-Temia
Universities: Queen's, Simon Fraser
Page 67 of 122
R&D Focus Area 9. A business ecosystem
Description A business ecosystem to create standards and enable integration and interoperability. Integrate Human/Systems Integration into system engineering processes.
Tables 16, 20
Relevant R&D
Define and integration process
Create/identify key standards in areas by program/by nation
Develop/establish standing evaluation groups
ID and enable selection tools
Develop neutral standards body (IEEE-like)
Potential Collaborators
Universities: Queen's, Waterloo, Carleton , universities known for systems engineering - HSI/HFE/applied psychology
Create a "Soldier Systems Integration Centre
Rowanwood
International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)
NRC
NSERC
Industry members with strong HSI capabilities, such as automotive and electronic gaming
Page 68 of 122
5. Soldier Systems TRM Next Steps
This chapter provides an abstract of the closing presentation by LCol. Bodner, describes
how the roadmap will be developed further with a Capstone Report and Action Plan, and
outlines ongoing roadmap activities on the ICee database and wiki
SSTRM Next Steps and Workshop Closure, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)
Reviews the objectives and
outcomes of the current
development phase of the
Soldier Systems TRM.
Describes overall TRM phases.
Discusses the objectives of the
upcoming implementation
phase, its approach and
governance. Introduces the
Soldier Systems Technology
Hub, which will be at the core
of the implementation phase,
and the hub participants.
Outlines the ways in which the upcoming Capstone Report and Action Plan will be used
to guide the next phase. The functions of the proposed Soldier systems Center are
described.
Outlines potential funding programs that might assist future R&D projects. Provides an
example of how the SSTRM findings can be applied to solving soldier requirements.
Show coherence of TRM process to DRDC's four interrelated roles. Describes short and
long-term measures of success for the SSTRM. Outlines remaining Development Phase
activities. Reiterates soldier systems challenges, and encourages workshop participants
to stay engaged in the TRM process.
Page 69 of 122
Developing the Roadmap
The content of the workshop, the briefings and input from the Human and Systems
Integration Technical Steering Committee and the SSTRM Project Management Office,
will be used to write a Soldier Systems TRM Capstone Report and Action Plan.
Sharing Knowledge with the ICee Database and Wiki
Knowledge will continue to be shared using the Soldier Systems TRM Innovation,
Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee), which provides an online database
and Wiki that can be used to collaborate with others who are interested in soldier
systems. This password-protected tool includes sections for communicating restricted,
sensitive information meant for a selected audience.
The ICee is open to all who wish to participate in the Soldier Systems Technology
Roadmap. Participants can contribute to both the database and the Wiki. For more
information about the ICee tool visit
http://www.soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca
Page 70 of 122
A. Workshop Agenda
Soldier Human and Systems Integration Workshop
Tuesday, September 21
7h30 – 8h00 Registration - Continental breakfast
8h00 – 8h10 Welcome and Opening Remarks, Mr. T. Elliot, DG IC, Dr. D. Reding, DG DRDC Toronto and Mr. L. Garland (TFC CO-CHAIR)
8h10 – 8h20 Workshop Program and TRM Background, Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)
8h20 – 8h30 Workshop Process, Mr. P. Carr (StrategicReviewGroup.ca)
8h30 – 8h40 Soldier Systems TRM Update, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)
8h40 – 8h50 Future Soldier System Capability Areas, H&SI Requirements and Challenges—Part 1 Maj. J. Herbert (DLR5-6)
8h50 – 09h50 Outdoor Demo of Soldier Equipment/Usage
09h50 – 10h00 Future Soldier System Capability Areas, H&SI Requirements and Challenges—Part 2 Maj. Bruce Gilchrist (DBRT 5-5)
10h00 – 10h30 Coffee Break (ICee Registration & Networking)
10h30 – 11h00 Demo Debrief (Plenary), Mr. P. Carr
11h00 – 11h20 Introduction to Themes and Physical Ergonomics and Integration Challenges, Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto)
11h20 – 11h40 Soldier Equipment/Vehicle/Communications Integration Requirements, Mr. M. A. Rochon (DSSPM-10-4-4)
11h40 – 12h00 USMC Approach to Soldier Burden, Mr. D. Tack (HSI Inc. Rep. USMCMERS Project)
12h00 – 13h30 Lunch (no host) – ICee Individual Training and Registration
13h00 – 13h30 Guest Speaker: Dr. Elizabeth S. Redden (ARL), Advanced Interfaces for Dismounted Warfighters
17h00 – 18h00 ICee Registration/Individual Training Sessions
17h00 – 18h00 Cash Bar Reception - Networking
13h30 – 13h50 Challenges of Soldier Protection Integration, Mr. S. Boyne (DRDC Toronto)
13h50 – 14h10 Requirements for Enhancing Soldier Perception, Situation Awareness and Cognition, Mr. D. Tack (HSI Inc.)
14h10 – 14h30 Soldier System Integration Challenges and Issues: An Industry Perspective, Mr.W. Downing, (Industry Rep TSC speech)
Page 71 of 122
14h30 – 14h40 Breakaway Session (1) Instructions, Mr. P. Carr
14h40 – 15h00 Coffee Break
15h00 – 16h00 Breakaway (1): Key Challenges for Each Theme (roundtable)
16h00 – 16h40 Report Back, Mr. P. Carr
16h40 – 16h45 Sticky Homework Instructions, Mr. P. Carr
16h45 – 17h00 ICee-Wiki Update, Mrs. M. Huard (IC-DND)
Wednesday, September 22
7h30 – 8h00 Registration - Continental breakfast
8h00 – 8h05 Program of Day 2,Mr. G. Nimmo (IC)
8h05 – 8h25 Challenges and Tools for Effective Soldier System Integration, Mrs. L. Bossi (DRDC Toronto)
8h25 – 8h45 The Role of Biomechanics in Effective Soldier System Integration, Dr. J. Stevenson (Queens University)
8h45 – 9h05 Virtual Simulations for Soldiers : Concepts and Applications, Dr. F. Bernier (DRDC Valcartier)
9h05 – 9h25 Decision Aids for Soldiers, Dr. D. Bryant and Dr. J. Hollands (DRDC Toronto)
9h25 – 9h45 Soldier - Vehicle Integration: A TTCP Approach, Dr. M. Ducharme (DRDC Valcartier)
9h45 – 10h15 Coffee Break
10h15 – 10h25 Breakaway Session (2) Instructions, Mr. P. Carr
10h25 – 11h25 Breakaway (2): System Optimization: Solutions, Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools
11h25 – 12h15 Report Back, M. P. Carr
12h15 – 13h30 Lunch (no host) Guest speaker: Mr. M.A. Blais (IC-ITO), Overview of the Strategic Aerospace and Defence Industrial Program (SADI)
13h30 – 14h30 ICee Contest Session, G. Nimmo (4 Industry/Academia Briefings)
14h30 – 14h40 Breakaway Session (3) Instructions, Mr. P. Carr
14h40 – 15h50 Breakaway (3): R&D Focus Areas & Potential Collaborations
15h00 – 15h30 Coffee Available
15h50 – 16h20 Report Back, Mr. P. Carr
16h20 – 16h30 SSTRM Next Steps and Workshop Closure, LCol. M.A. Bodner (DRDC)
Page 72 of 122
B. List of Participants
Last Name First Name Title Company
1 Beaudoin R. (Bob) Vanguard Magazine
2 Boone Paul Combat Networks
3 Brusin Brankica Senior Investment
Analyst, ITO
IC
4 Campbell Ross Industry Canada
5 Cao Linli BM Technology Inc
6 Cochran Bruce Textile Technology consultant
7 Compton David Colt Canada
8 Cote Denis NRC
9 Culligan Iain Esterline | CMC Electronics
10 Darling Marie Rockwell Collins
11 Dec Albert BAE Systems
12 Della Vedova Ron Fellfab Inc.
13 Desbiens André Université Laval
14 Detombe John ADGA Group
15 Dolez Patricia Chercheure Ecole de Technologie Supérieure
16 Dontigny Sherrie Pacific Safety Products Inc.
17 Duheme Yvon Monterey Textiles 1996 Inc
18 Dyck Walter DND
19 Eastaugh Graham NRC
20 El Tassi Albert Director of Peerless
Garments LP
Peerless Garments LP
21 Espenant Mark DRDC
22 Farsi Fred Pikala Systems
23 Fiset Robert Levitt Safety Ltd
24 Frim John DND
25 Gagnon Michel Acolam inc
Page 73 of 122
Last Name First Name Title Company
26 Galasso Robert S. Prospice Consulting
27 Gaumond Claude Groupe medical gaumond
28 Goldenberg Andrew Engineering Services Inc. (ESI)
29 Goss Ben BAE Systems
30 Gregg Stewart Phirelight E Business Solutions
31 Hart Ken Industry Canada
32 Hatashita Kris DND
33 Hayes Kevin NRC
34 Haynes Justin W.L. Gore and Associates
35 Hofford Suzanne Martintek USA
36 Hosein Charlene Director,
Professional
Services Group
Phirelight E-Business Solutions Inc.
37 Hulme Andrew Principal Consultant Hulme Consulting
38 Intwala Zarina DND
39 Jain Rajesh DND
40 Kan Adir Elbit Systems
41 Key Brent Combat Networks
42 King Philippa Ontario Centres of Excellence
43 Kirkpatrick Doug Phirelight E Business Solutions
44 Ko Frank University of British Colombia
45 Kondratova Irena NRC
46 Labbe Paul DRDC
47 Lacasse Pierre B-TEMIA Inc.
48 Lefebvre Vivier DRDC
49 Lopez Damian Thales Systems Canada
50 Lundahl Sonny AMITA Corporation
51 Mack Charles Department of National Defence
52 Maclean Iain Difco Performance Fabrics Inc
Page 74 of 122
Last Name First Name Title Company
53 Manuel Christopher Sierra Nevada Corporation
54 Masse Marc DRS Technologies
55 Matthews Rob L-3 Electronic Systems
56 McKoy Rocky Cantec Systems
57 McNiven Nancy DFAIT
58 Meloche John DRDC
59 Minduik Andrew NORLEANS Technologies Inc
60 Minduik Fred NORLEANS Technologies Inc
61 Mitchell Lyndon NRC
62 Mlynarek Jacek Groupe CTT
63 Mohan Dave Directorate Technical Airworthiness and
Engineering Support
64 Nammour Georges DND
65 Nussbaum Doron Carleton University
66 O'Neill Laurence General Dynamics Canada
67 Parolin T.E.(Ernie) DND
68 Pawliw Carmen KERMEL
69 Playfoot Bruce Agile Manufacturing
70 Quinlan Kevin Apption Corporation
71 Rancourt Etienne Canada Economic Development for the
Quebec Regions
72 Regush Murray DND
73 Reilly Tara DGPFSS
74 Sayeur Mathieu DND
75 Shewchenko Nicholas Biokinetics and Associates Ltd
76 Smith Fern DND
77 Srinivas Vijay SRCTec, Inc
78 Stroup Adam US Army RDECOM International
Technology Center
Page 75 of 122
Last Name First Name Title Company
79 Tchagang Alain NRC
80 Tchaplia Ilya ITS Electronics
81 Trask Brett MDA
82 Tremblay Roger DND
83 Valeri Hon. Tony Special Advisor,
Research
Partnerships &
Internationalization
McMaster University
84 Van Den
Hoeven
Arnold NGRAIN - Vancouver
85 Van Ham Claude L-3 Electronic Systems
86 Vandeweerd Helena Tulmar Safety Systems INC
87 Webb James NRC
88 Webster Bill C4N Divn - Sierra Nevada Corporation
89 Wheat-Bain Becky General Dynamics Canada
90 Winship John GENTEX
91 Zavarella Jordan First UPS
92 Zhang Chris University of Saskatchewan
Page 76 of 122
C. Breakaway Session 1 Participant Input: Key Challenges by Theme
This appendix contains the detailed participant input from Breakaway Session 1,
described in Chapter 1 Exploring Operational Space: Challenges, Deficiencies, and
Priorities, including:
1. Flipchart content from the workshop participants
2. Stickies content from the workshop participants
The input themes and challenges are:
Theme 1—Physical Integration
1. Improving system characterization (physical) 13. Improving socio/psychological readiness
2. Improving tools & processes (physical) 14. Enhancing/augmenting soldier perception
3. Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload)
15. Reducing cognitive burden (information load)
4. Improving physical usability 16. Improving situation awareness/understanding
5. Improving modularity/configurability 17. Improving decision making
6. Improving fit, form, anthropometry 18. Enhancing displays/GUI
7. Improving interfaces compatibility 19. Improving human computer interaction
8. Improving body-worn equipment/sensors integration Theme 3—External Integration
9. Improving display/control hardware design 20. Improving integration with weapons
Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration 21. Improving integration with C4I systems
10. Improving system characterization (psychological) 22. Improving integration with combat vehicles
11. Improving tools & processes (psychological) 23. Improving integration with autonomous vehicle/sensors
12. Reducing the effects of stressors 24. Enabling future capability growth
Page 77 of 122
1. Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants
What follows is a compilation of the contents of the workshop participants' flipcharts from
Breakaway Session 1, organized by table. Due to the consolidation of many tables into
fewer tables before Breakaway Session 1, the table numbers are not sequential from 1-
20.
Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants (Breakaway Session 1)
Table 3, Theme 1—Physical Integration
Issue Problems Solution
Soldier Burden and Fit Varying Soldier Sizes
Capacity to carry
Equipment does not ―scale‖
Each soldier trade/duty maintains different requirements
Proper metrics (i.e. when is equipment ‗on‘)
Procurement cycle is not ―flexible‖ (i.e. now vs. tomorrow is obsolete)
In-theatre supply and support
Mission ―fit‖ of personnel
Vehicles can accommodate person for mission(s)
Commercial-off-the-shelf solutions
Better requirement(s) definition (for ex: technology insertion, gating delivery, interactive capability enhancement)
R&D partnership incentives for industry/PWGSC/end-users
Evolutionary procurement process (i.e. user trials to be conducted in system development) to save money
Exploit tools which we already have (for ex: anthro of ‗naked‘ body vs. person with different types of army kit on
Access to timely and recent intelligence/feedback from users
Page 78 of 122
Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants (Breakaway Session 1)
Table 6, Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration
Issue Problems Solution
Weight Burden (weight, inertia, balance)
Orders of magnitude are too high
Reduced mobility
Reduces operational effectiveness
Psychological tolerance to carry (homeostasis)
50% weight reduction (2020)
32% weight reduction (2025)
Improved balance by 50% (2020)
Improved inertia by 50% (2020)
Thermal Burden (retained heat, ventilation, hydration/ core temperature/skin temperature)
Physiologically limiting for performance and safety
Psychological effects (i.e. decrease in perception, cognition, focussing)
Increased need to carry water weight
Improve thermal management by passive means (2025)
Improved thermal management by active means (2020)
Encumbrance Burden (Rom measures, accessibility time, task completion time, total soldier system bulk/volume)
Decreased mobility and range of motion
Decreased accessibility to pockets, areas of the body, pouches
Increased energy used for motion(s)
Inelastic to human motion
Increased dependence on others
Increased soldier bulk
Increased Range of Motion by 50% (2020)
Decreased bulk / volume by 50% (2020)
Increased Range of Motion by 75% (2025)
Decreased bulk / volume by 75% (2025)
Page 79 of 122
Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants (Breakaway Session 1)
Table 7, Theme 3—External Integration
Issue Problems Solution
Human Systems Integration in DND acquisition and system engineering
Lack of expertise
No legislated mandate
DRDC expertise by insufficient capacity
Human Systems Integration targets in Canada
ADM MAT Human System Integration section (2020)
Consortia of Human System Integration contracts available) (2020)
Canadian military standard 1472 (2020)
DRDC developed tools (2020)
Government legislation to implement change in DND acquisition practices (2025)
Adaptability of system architecture
Acquisition process is slow
Requirements change / evolve
Technology evolves / changes quickly
Customer thinks they always know what they want
Requirement for legacy compatibility
Open architecture (hardware and software) (2020)
Spiral development (2020)
Give financial incentives to industry (2020)
Exploit CAPDEM – evolving requirements capturing system (2020)
Systems of systems architecture
Vehicle integration We do not know the anthropometry / clothes of current soldier population
Vehicle and soldier equipment procured separately
Vehicle – Commercial-off-the-shelf (limited design influence)
Politically – one cannot select soldiers based on size
Extra blast protection
Increased fit
Advancement in electronic and communications systems
Power charging capabilities
Maintaining SA with inside
Page 80 of 122
Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants (Breakaway Session 1)
Table 8, Theme 1—Physical Integration
Issue Problems Solution
Clothing Weight; not garments themselves but add-ons are the problem
Fire retardant
Longevity / replacement levels / cleaning of material
Look outside the box for new and meaningful ways to bring about improvements
Self-cleaning and long lasting fabrics
Cooling / Heating wearable fabrics for extreme weather
Garment recharge batteries, health monitors, camouflage
Technology to negate heat signatures
Passive / Active identity in garments (i.e. determining friend vs. foe)
Self assembling personal protective equipment
Built-in protection garments (i.e. Velcro adjustments) that allow replacement as well.
Fabric intended for multi-task use and provides more than basic cover (2020)(2025)
Personal Protective Equipment ‗Rat‘ and not ‗Panda‘ (i.e. generic and multi-use not the hope for a ‗perfect‘ tool for a single job)
Compressibility
N/A N/A N/A
Page 81 of 122
Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants (Breakaway Session 1)
Table 10, Theme 3—External Integration
Issue Problems Solution
System architecture and integration : Integration with processes – Targets and Procurement
Users need to understand design features and design trade off decisions
Percieved equipment performance
Understand equipment limitation during procurement to feed training
Return of lesions learned into training and procurement processes including long term impacts
Make equipment performance limitations more obvious – less training
Earlier and better integration of training and acquisition processes
Qualitative data for commanders to make better trade-off decisions.
Systems architecture The degree of modifications/ configuration/ adaptability will remain limited / sub-optimal until such time as there is a basic infrastructure/backbone on the soldier
Common power and database interface standards
N/A N/A N/A
Page 82 of 122
Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants (Breakaway Session 1)
Table 16, Theme 1—Physical Integration
Issue Problems Solution
Tools and processes Too many choices
Trade-offs exist and a need to prioritize (risks, cost, safety, usability, complexity)
Client needs to understand decision processes/rationale
Entrench Human Factors design standards in acquisition process (i.e. embed Human Factors experts to work with industry in the creation of SOR)
Develop Human Factors tools, models surveys, decision aids, best practices, lessons learned.
Personal weapons Integration of sensors (e.g. laser / flash) with reduced weight
Added weight equates to a change in range of motion
Added weight raises fatigue and decreases accuracy
Handedness
Eye relief
Laser collimation
Accidental ejection of magazine
Personal Protective Equipment and its effect on reach
Cold weather and need for added padding/warmth needed on/for hands
Potential issues of changing one area while creating a new problem in another
Understand human performance and design guidelines
Minimize change in mass through integration
Adjustable
N/A N/A N/A
Page 83 of 122
Flipchart Content from Workshop Participants (Breakaway Session 1)
Table 18, Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration
Issue Problems Solution
Device and displays Need for greater human consideration in Human Factors
Providing the right information at the right time
More studies needed to define the information at the right time
Soldier should receive ‗formatted/filtered‘ data
Information must be available to the soldier when he/she requires it (2015)
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
Table 20, Theme 1—Physical Integration
Issue Problems Solution
Tools and processes used in acquisitions
Lack of standards / specifications
Lack of collaboration
Poor specifications
Collaboration between DND / PSGSC / Industry
Follow TRM process
Retool the procurement process with DND
Overall CADSI engagement with DND / PWGSC
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
Page 84 of 122
2. Stickies Content from Workshop Participants
Theme 1—Physical Integration
1. Improving system characterization (physical)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Requirements maturation Actual soldier systems will have to be tried for 5-10 years in the field before we see convergence of requirements
all 2015 5 End customer
user
industry
Structural applications of advanced composite materials
Capability of current composite materials has almost reached its limit. Nanotechnology provides a promising approach for materials with improved properties. Explore the application of this technology in two-scales: constituents level and lamina level of composites
advanced composite materials with CNT
enhancements of composite with CNT to reduce stress concentrations
2020 4
5
NRC
DRDC
Universities
Develop lightweight flexible fabrics to be used in PPE components face/arm protection
Fabrics and components would have to be FR, with stand wear and tear from soldier, adaptable helmet and vest. Should disperse blow from stop metal must be comfortable, as well, have the ―cool‖ factor
develop fabric/FR fabric
develop print process of FR fabric
develop and design new fastening system that can take the dust
2015 scientists
fabric designers
plastic suppliers, moulded products
Equipment standards that are unrealistic (i.e. helmet impact requirements of 14 feet/sec)
Determine and clearly present why such standards are necessary and the research behind them. Recognize that technology might take a while to catch up , be open to interim solutions
R&D helmet development
2015 industry
government
military
Page 85 of 122
2. Improving tools and processes (physical)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Tools and processes , acquisition and collaboration between stakeholders
Short term, TRM. Long term, overhaul procurement process, increase collaboration
ICee 0-5
10-15
9 government
industry
Physical ergonomics Exploit boss data sets and collect more to update/expand 97 anthro survey. Generate standard set of CAD models of range of sizes of soldiers and of soldier borne equipment to support integration/dev. studies
compile Boss data set
acquire/develop appropriate tools to use data to separate CAD of soldier and equipment
generate CAD data set and distribute
2015+
9
6
6
DSSPM
DRDC
NRC
Academia
Improve tool and process Acquire biodynamics/biomechanics tool to support product development
acquire tool
develop necessary models and apply tool
2011 8
6
DRDC
industry
Reduce size and mass of soldier system power
Incorporate fuel cells and energy harvesting on conjunction with lithium secondary batteries and smart power management eliminate double a batteries
battery
fuel cell
power electronics
2020 2
Soldier data and power system is pushed to devices
Develop and intergraded power and data management system which centralizes power source on soldier and which distributes power to devices (example: weapon sights) via connectors
power management software
power distribution via soldier clothing
centralized weapon sources to change/power external systems
2020 7
3
4
DRDC
Industry
academia
Page 86 of 122
3. Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Reducing Encumbrance Provide phase-change materials that are flexible at rest and then stiffen when impacted
shear thickening fluid
materials integration
2020 7
8
Reduce physical burden Treat the soldier and the section as a system
(similar paradigm to the marine corps where the squad is treated as a system)
doctrine and SOP
exoskeleton/endoskeleton
Mule(big dog)
2010 2015
7
6-7
DND
DRDC
BDI
Balancing the needs for power with weight constraints
Finding a middle where the power requirements, (battery, weight, charging) are not over-weighting the soldier and that technology is used vice left in place
energy efficiency
advanced power generation/storage
industry
academia
Reduce the weight Integrate multiple functions into single item – e.g. ballistic plate batteries
integrated efforts 2015- 2020
9
Soldier burden/fit: procurement process does not allow for easy intro of new up to date technology
Evolutionary procurement process info systems 2015- 2020
PWGSC
Industry
DND
Load carriage Human augmentation system called exoskeleton with attachments to lift and move loads. Powered by mini fuel cells that will have integrated body temperature controls and medical information, military information data linked.
Hulc Exo 2015 7 Lockheed Martin
Ballistic Protection Weight Nano
Textile
fibre
2015 6
5
6
industry
scientists
yarn industry
Page 87 of 122
3. Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload) (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Ballistic Protection Next generation nano based body armour that is flexible and light. Classified performance
nano technology 2020 3 Lockheed Martin
Encumbrance Burden Reduce weight, snags and improve soldier flexibility, range of motion, adaptability with intelligent vest
smart vest
textile black plane
subsystem inductive coupled charging and data
2015 7
6
5
Mystery Ranch
intelligent textiles
Weight burden Reduce battery weight load with fuel cell recharger and hybrid power mgm and system to
20 watt fuel cell
integrated power management system
integrated intelligent vest
2015 2
5
6
Lilliputian
Raytheon
intelligent textiles
Load reduction/limiting Education on risk assessment to improve kit selection for ops with metabolic and mobility costs included in risk assessment
providing risk data linked to choices
decision hierarchy and rules of exclusion
providing decision making assistance in usable form to section commander
2015
Reduction of weight Reduce weights of fibre and coatings, hardware and components by 25%
high tenacity fires (Next generation)
liquid proof nanotechnology
smart polymer coatings
2020 6
6
5
DuPont
3m
Stedfast
Page 88 of 122
3. Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload) (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Weight burden Psychological weight mentality will always carry more no matter how much redesign to reduce actually weight, human will carry and pack as much are they are willing to
leadership and training
education about weight management , safety and increasing efficiency without adding more weight
reduce outside pressure to carry more
2015
Break everything into main groups to be integrated. Should be three main parts, weapons, PPE and uniform
what can go on the weapon?
what can go on the plate, chest rig/helmet
what can go on the clothing
2015 DND
industry
Physical integration soldier burden reduction
Decrease protection level conduct trade off study. Integration of design/components
Smart textiles (integration of design/components)
doctrine and SOP (less protection)
distributed power, inductive power
2015 8
9
Asha and David
Raytheon
DND
Infantry school
Soldier Burden Combine components. Consider developing products too specific jobs, rather than one for all.
product design and development
logistics (how to get the right product to the soldier)
2015 scientists
DND
Page 89 of 122
3. Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload) (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Reduce physical burden Improve understanding of trade off of mass, bulk, etc. On soldier performance as a function of role.
biomechanics tools, instrumentation
performance comprehensive study
define impact on soldier system requirements
2015 5-6 Queens Univ.
DRDC
HSI
4. Improving physical usability
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Knowing what dimensional allowances to use for clothing when applying CK anthropometrics data to equipment, platform and systems design
Undertake a more comprehensive study of clothing delta factors for existing soldier clothing/equipment based on the work that was done in 2009 by the Land Forces Trials and Evaluation Unit
blast iteration seats
military vehicles
2011 industry
DRDC Toronto
DND
NRC
Reduction of clothing and equipment bulk
Eliminate redundant layers and webbings clothing systems integration
smart fabrics
2015 7
5
Mustang survival
DRDC Toronto
Pacific Safety
HSI
W.L. Gore
Univ. Of Alberta
Dupont
Page 90 of 122
4. Improving physical usability (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
C4I situation, too fast growing for too slow decision making
New procurement process with more holistic approach encouraging collaboration between all stakeholders
Field specific industry
DND
SYS does not support human modelling of soldier with kit on
Additional support and technology support to conduct modelling and data , and gathering relevant and up to date information
soldier availability and available kit
time and information systems
anthro databases
DND
industry
Making all components (weapon, lights, lazar, dazzler etc.) a single self contained unit
Massive integration on a large scale size of devices
mindset of soldier
a lot of power
2015 DND
industry
Physical compatibility of interfaces
Determine best methods of attaching equipment to vests, helmets, etc. Let industry know how this should be done so that more commonality exists between equipment from different suppliers
equipment developers
2020 DND
industry
Learning solutions Educate soldiers on the engineering science, development and effort that went into kit. Provide reasons for the design solutions
marketing strategists , learning consultants
Head and face protection: visibility
Modular/flexible plastic
fasteners/anchors
adhesives
2018 5
4
5
thermoforming/moulding industry
Page 91 of 122
4. Improving physical usability (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Thermal burden Active cooling to keep body temperature down and support longer hydration
active cooling system 4
Improved usability and utility of the existing CF/Anthropometric survey data
Produce an interactive data base using the network data, as per that produced for the data for the UK Anthropometrics survey of 2007
clothing design and manufacture
equipment design
platform design
2012 industry
DRDC Toronto
NRC
DND
Non intrusive way to monitor the soldier. Physical, cognitive and emotional state
Intelligent clothing. Integrate a computer into the clothing, no additional weight. Collect information on the soldier
bio-physical sensors: EEG, EMG, EOG
intelligent, smart clothing
2010 9
8
Helmet needs more ―stuff‖ on it Soldiers need a helmet that feels as light as if they were not wearing one.
helmet weight transferred to another body part
motion of soldier is not met with resistance. Helmet grips soldiers heads with perfect amount of pressure
Page 92 of 122
5. Improving modularity/configurability
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Power/Data connector Magnetically guided snap connector, integrated with smart textiles
connector, smart textiles, power management
2015 2
6. Improving fit, form anthropometry
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Improving integration on the soldier
Adjustable materials (helmets, gloves etc.)
Reaction with skin temperature, to stick less or more to the skin wearer
shape memory materials
lamination and coating of specific materials
textile modeling (building models)
2020 5
7
5
IMI
CTT Group
Stedfast
Queens Univ.
Royal Military College
Integration of hardware components
Create consortium of industry, end user, legislation to build together the required solution
radio, scopes, guns etc.
hardware, system integrators
IP network design
2015 industry
General Dynamics
DRDC
CISCO and SME‘s
Page 93 of 122
6. Improving fit, form anthropometry (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Physical Ergonomics Detailed real-time anthro data used in equipment development
integration of boss into acquisitions
models of relation between anthro and performance
2020 8
4
DRDC
academia
industry
Human factors of wearing arctic or cold weather clothing under combat load
Load carriage to be worn specialized for climate consideration
HF studies
promotion
4
4
industry
DRDC Toronto
Soldier dexterity is limited by gear requirements
Soldier gear that allows soldiers to be flexible, effective and safe
textiles that adapt to soldiers needs
integrated communications
balance bit modularity and standardization
2015 textile industry
DND
Page 94 of 122
6. Improving fit, form anthropometry (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Physical ergonomics and physical integration on the soldier (fit, form, anthropometry, human machine interface)
Use tools that are currently available Boss XX1 scanner
compile anthropometric data on all face personal to help with requirements, fit, form, human factors, layer of kit
Develop a system to scan soldiers in full equipment to assist with work in their trade and equipment fit/vehicle interface
2015 DSSPM
DRDC
Univ. of Toronto
Improving body worn sensors integration
Wireless connectivity of all soldier worn sensors (visual, IR, acoustic, geolocation)
Wimax
Bluetooth
2015 8
9
PPE – textiles currently only meet 2 or 3 requirements
Develop a multi-tasking textile that incorporates: FR, moisture management, anti-microbial, CB protection, ballistic protection, camouflage, etc.
ballistics
textiles
electronics
2020
Page 95 of 122
7. Improving interfaces compatibility
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
interfaces compatibility Data-centric – use metadata to express interfaces in terms of ―objects‖ to be exchanged and allow ―clients‖ to have ―renditions‖ of their data
2015
To integrate the CBRN protection on the existing/new helmet
siltration (CBRN)
composite materials
ergonomics
2020 3 Revision
Airboss defence
Integration of all components/functionalities on the soldier platform
Need for an industry integrator for the soldier platform project/program management
2015 9
Up to date anthropometric data Have the tools to build that data and make it available to procurement people and industry
computers
models
2015 +
9
7
DRDC
academia
Internal physical integration form, fit, anthropometry, human interface
Comprehensive anthropometry data representative of Canada‘s military tough to come by. (military could make 3D scans available to developers of all military equipment, need more scan data)
3D scanning 2011 DND
Soldiers on three different Comm. Nets
Radio interoperability options (example: new radio) Radio systems
radio patching
ROIP solutions
2015 Motorola
Harris
Raytheon
JPS
Inter-op Canada
Soldier system components interoperability
Establish open standard interfaces (HW, SW and MEC) technology is available (no commercial incentive)
2020 7 industry
Weigh load carriage Integrated system textiles
nano
knitting
2015 5
6
5
yarn/fibre Industry
industry
Page 96 of 122
8. Improving body-worn equipment/sensors integration
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Physical integration on the soldier PPE integration
Soft connections and textile non invasive sensor electronic printing
soft conductive materials
2020 5
5
Annabel Canada
Stedfast
CTT group
Lincoln fabric
IMI
Ubiquitous audio display Audio display that provides hearing protection good speech intelligibility, sound localisation and discrimination, but is also comfortable and easy to fit. Must also reduce cognitive load when man and radio nets are involved
in-ear materials
active and passive technologies for sound reproduction
training
2015 +
6
6
DRDC
academia
Power soldier (integration) Soldier wearable power via mew mini fuel cell operating off JP-8/diesel fuel offering 300 watts
mini fuel cell (the size of a book)
2015 5 Lockheed Martin
Protection and Mobility and Load
Exoskeleton personal protective ergonomic equipment (EPPE)
Exosketeton integration technology
mechanical levers integration
2015 6
6
Lockheed Martin
Mawashi
Bionic Power
Physical integration on the soldier PPE Thermo regulation
One uniform capable of adapting his environment level of insulation
phase changing materials
non invasive and non toxic microencapsulation
2025 5 CTT Group
Bermatix
IMI
Page 97 of 122
8. Improving body-worn equipment/sensors integration (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Provide heat/cold resistant clothing.
Clothing that adapts to the temperature. The fibre will be able to become cool or hot, depending on the environment
smart clothing 2020 9
Psychology of Change Trust! Rely on computer/robots in a soldier environment the way we trust and rely on them computers today in work/play
AKE individualized drones to accompany individuals into battle
rifle aim also aims drone. Riffle accepts fingerprint signature
only trustworthy back up will eventually lead to lighter loads
ballistics from further back could give coordinates
2015
Data transport Short range secure RF-optic link with encryption (apply via HW, or SW due to time dependent nature
near field RF link
logistics optic link option
2015- 2020
7-9
4-6
Sensor type and placement Compact contact-worn sensor set sensor set 2015 7-9 Zephyr
Hidalgo
Page 98 of 122
9. Improving display/control hardware design (no stickies)
Theme 2—Psychological/Cognitive Integration
10. Improving system characterization (psychological (no stickies)
11. Improving tools and processes (psychological)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
User perceived vs. real performance
Training, simulator exercise simulator 3D 2010 ―the cave‖ –Valcartier
-interactive system
Page 99 of 122
12. Reducing the effects of stressors
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Decrease stressors caused by excess extraneous information during times of peak stress such as a fire fight
Reduce information displayed during peak stress by focusing only on data such as blue, red, white force positions
Cognitive ergonomics Social networking – An operationally centred social networking system has the potential to help operators better to share expertise
CF platform
security framework
CF work culture
2015 6
5
2
DRDC
industry
CF
Thermal burden Active/passive cooling and/or heating systems passive cooling system
active microclimate cooling system
2010 8
8
Mawashi
Pacific Safety Clothing
Med-eng systems
Reducing the thermal burden in the heat
Active cooling system capable of removing 100w for 12 hours air fans/blowers
light weight power supply/battery
compression (higher) resistant 3D spacers
2025 8
5
8
Micronel
NRC
DND
Mueller
Heathcoat
Detect soldier stress level In order to provide tailored information to the soldier we need to determine the stress level of the soldier
medical sensors, pulse, temperature, respiration rate
2025 3 DRDC
medical/pharmaceutical firms
Page 100 of 122
13. Improving socio/psychological readiness
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Reducing the effects of stressors
Use Augmented Cognition to adjust/tailor displayed information to the must task relevant
Augmented Cognition 2020 2-3 Univ. Central Florida
Darpa
14. Enhancing/augmenting soldier perception
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Understanding what the soldier really requires
Research and development programs done with the army and civilian industry side by side
clothing
rifle scope
PPE
Information management Balance the needs of the soldier (i.e. what info is needed vs. everything available) and presenting it in a useful and easy manner. Avoid info overload
display technology
augmented reality
user interfaces
industry
government
There is a disconnect between what the academia is suggesting and what the troops are perceiving
Need to conduct more research on user acceptance with a focus on educating the end user
NVG
Fused
Thermal
DRDC
Page 101 of 122
15. Reducing cognitive burden (information load)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Information overload Provide the soldier with the means to filter information being presented.
IT
DBMS
2015 8 Thales
DRDC
Valcartier
Cognitive overload Multi-model interface (audio, visual, tactile) audio I/F (spatial 3D, VOX command)
visual I/F
tactile I/F
2015 7
7
7
Audiox
SRI Dynaspeak
RCI
Retina Point
Microvision
Page 102 of 122
16. Improving situation awareness/understanding
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Improving Situational Awareness/understanding
3-D aural localization of gunfire (sensors on soldier detect gunshot and send aural signal into soldiers headset identifying direction from which shot was fired. Enhanced systems analyses sound to determine calibre, estimate distance.
1) Gunshot detection and classification algorithms TRL 7, players DRDC/ARL/DSO NDA
2) Miniaturized acoustic sensors (low power) TRL 8 Ultra Electronics
2015 7
8
DRDC/ARL/DSO NDA
Ultra Electronics
Effects of stressors on Soldiers cognition
Study effects of stress on soldiers on ops. Correlate levels of stress to cognitive levels/cognitive tunnelling
1) stress Simulation/stress measurement
2) Develop multifunction displays
3) Correlate information levels to stress
2015 5
6
4
DRDC Valcartier
DRDC- Ottawa
Industry
DRDC
Complete but not overloaded SA Example Blue, Red,, White force ID and Tracking
Tran missive visor/eye wear display allowing
Improving Situational Awareness/understanding
Manage data supporting SA by context (e.g. personal space, section, platoon, FOB, NGO etc.) to allow simpler filtering of content delivered to soldier base on immediate needs.
5 yrs
Improving tools and Processes for psychological. Fear factor
1) Simulation in 3D pour ameliorer la reaction ainsi que dure de la concentration du soldat. Concentration = meilleur analyse de situation
now
Page 103 of 122
17. Improving decision making
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Cannot offer just in time information for specific roles and situations – Currently give all information which leads to cognitive workload
Have an expert system, sensors that can detect user-task-environ and then offer only the info the user needs. The info would be presented in the visor. And not raw data, but integrated, analyzed comprehensive info.
1) Expert System, knowledge base
2)High performance visor, easy to read, no bad effect
2015
6
Current
Psychological data collected on soldiers does not transfer directly to decision making – cannot provide customized solutions
Standard communication systems appropriate bandwidth 1) Soldier worn systems
2) Communications data interpretation
2020
Procurement Timelines Involve powerful procurement folks in the roadmap process – they need to help us come up with creative procurement solutions
Collaboration between companies is limited due to IP protection
A business ecosystem with a keystone company to lead standards, integration is necessary to create space where companies can communicate on common items. Ottawa is world leader in creating business ecosystems; IE CoralCEA, masters in technology innovation management, Big Blue Button
1) Masters of Technology Innovation Management graduates to lead business
2) Business ecosystem keystone company (open source based) leads ecosystem
2015 9
8
Carleton University
Tony Bailetti
Ottawa University, Carleton University
Page 104 of 122
18. Enhancing displays/GUI
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Theme 3 Night Operations Display
Have a display that does not reduce local SA, emits little light and usable in bright daylight and night
1) Long luminance, image polarity screens for dismounts
2) Specialized mission low luminance modes i.e. arrow for navigation
3)Augmented reality HMP that does not affect local SA
2015 7
5
3
Academia, Industry, DRDC
Academia, Industry, DRDC
Academia, Industry, DRDC
Provide secure lightweight, simultaneous voice and data networking to enable SA at the soldier
Multiple vendors offer I.E. over radio nets with meshing technology for voice, data, video etc. and include AES-256 encryption
1)SPR radios
2)Wave relay radios
3)Breadcrumbs
9
9
Harris
Persistent Systems
Rajent
Devices which display soldier position only show the soldiers position, not the direction they‘re facing
Instead of one device, have 2 or 3 left side. Right side, centre, this will let the soldiers position be represented by a chevron instead of . dot. This will allow for better information on what a soldier is looking at for purposes of threat detection co-ordination with other squads. Integrate with weapons?
1) GPS technology
2) Body positioning systems
2015
Crunch information so soldiers don‘t have to analyze too much
Develop ―Expert systems‖ that pre analyze data from various sensors and information sources which reduce soldier decision for action to simplest form i.e. red light: no go, green light: go
Expert System software
Reliable detectors
2020 7
8
Software writers, lawyers
Comers; UAV; microphones etc.
Page 105 of 122
19. Improving human computer interaction
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Create ―app store‖ style suite of man interfaces for information (visual, audio, etc) operations on a standard open source platform. Evolution of capability (software) + hardware is less accepted.
1) Develop/adopt development platform
2) Develop app suite with user input/validation
3) User evaluation and demos
5-6
3-4
iPhone/droid style platform with web connections (Industry, academia, DRDC)
Dev. tools exist but requirements for soldiers do not exist (source players)
Industry TBD
DRDC
HSI
Theme 2 Cognitive Ergonomics
Process Improvement: the fundamental solution for human factors/cognitive ergonomics is not a technology, but an improved procurement process (for the crown) and development process is (for industry) that properly integrate HF design elements.
1) Appropriate procurement process
2)Appropriate development process
2020 Industry Operators
Data filtering to prevent info only when needed and in a manner appropriate for the operator to take action
Advanced system monitoring and warning system including operator guidance and prognostic (i.e. pattern tracking and extrapolation) capability
Advanced Warning System
Tactile feedback
2015 Innovative systems
Academia
Tacton Systems
MIT, DRDC-Toronto
Identification of intuitive interfaces
ID target population demographics and likely familiar interfaces (e.g. soldier & Young & Garter & Social networking)
Windows style GUI
HTML
Texting, Twitter
2015 Microsoft
Web based stds authority OMG
RIM, Twitter, Motorola
Page 106 of 122
Theme 3—External Integration
20. Improving integration with weapons (no stickies)
21. Improving integration with C4I sensors
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Communications technology Improve the communications network throughout in order to improve the SA/COP provided to the soldier
modulation 2020 3 Thales
CMC
Harris
Rockwell-Collins
Overcoming timeline/timeframe pressures for integration/interoperability – system architectures
Data-centric Systems (a vendor independent, technology agnostic cloud infrastructure) uses metadata to de-couple content from technology allowing it to keep up with the pace of change without forcing/waiting for standards
electronic health records
2015 6-7 Mainsource software Corp.
Physical usability of soldier components
Integrate systems together (example: GPS and C4I package)
communications
GPS
SA technologies
industry
government
academia
System of systems architecture Capability based planning as a tool for force development Cap D.E.M
spiral development
modular architecture
2015 6
8
8
DRDC
Page 107 of 122
22. Improving integration with combat vehicles
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Secure communication between dismounted infantry and vehicle communication
Wireless radio contact between one or two members of the infantry , use existing radios DRR but allow LAV to be part of that communication system (no additional weight on the infantry)
engineering to integrate existing radios into LAV
2015 8 industry
DND
Vehicle/soldier system integration
develop modular digital vehicle architectures. Standardize internal vehicle communications systems with soldier systems. Example: USB style recharging and communications
internal vehicle architecture
standardized soldier PDA/communications datalinks
vehicle power generation/hybrid architecture
2020 6
5
5
DRDC
DDSPM
Provide end to end communications for tactical data (from soldier, to vehicle to FOB, to headquarters) and interoperable with allies
Northrop Grumman mission systems Europe offer products that meet this integration challenge
wolf (handheld SA)
C2PC Tactical (vehicle system)
ICS server
2011 3
9
9
Northrop Grumman mission systems Europe
System architecture Capability based planning system of systems engineer
capability design engineering and management
spiral development
2015 6
6
8
DRDC
Page 108 of 122
22. Improving integration with combat vehicles (continued)
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Communications between soldier and vehicle is challenged by policies for secure communication
Policy standard and technology have to be accepted in order to have information sent to soldier by vehicle
wireless communication
policy management
tempest requirements
2015 9
3
8
Software industry
PWGSC
DND
Standardizing power management and system of soldier equipment
Study to decide the type of system early in the project phase; battery vs. wired. Is soldier plugged into vehicle with power/database or is info transmitted wireless and batteries rechargeable?
rechargeable batteries: small pack + main powerpack, standardized
recharging station: vehicle mount, stand alone, excess rechargeable batteries
umbilical cord to connect in vehicle, standardize connectors
2013 7
6
2
battery manufacturers
electronic hardware manufacturers
rugged manufacturer
Page 109 of 122
23. Improving integration with autonomous vehicle sensors
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Application of advanced composite and hybrid materials against ballistic/blast loads
Composite and hybrid materials will provide a solution to reduce the weight of various components of a soldier‘s equipment. Engineering optimization of structural element under ballist/blast will support the design/application of the advanced materials
Impact testing of composite/hybrid structural elements
numerical simulation of structural elements under intensive dynamic loading
6
5
NRC
DRDC
industry
Integration Human and system integration methodologies institutionalization
system engineering
HF engineering
service oriented architecture
2015 9
8
8
academia
Page 110 of 122
24. Enabling future capability growth
Technical Challenge Solution description Related Technologies Time
Frame TRL (1-9) Key Players
Procurement system does not allow for collaboration
implementation of systems that reward/encourage collaboration between all stakeholders
online Wiki
online select
2015 industry
government
Identification of necessary interfaces to support customer modularity at system level
Leverage existing standards (USB, 1394, Stanag 4586, Juas, etc.) where possible and supportable define standards where needed (mechanical fitting of helmet to rifle butt to vest, etc.)
Stanag 4586
Jaus
Jpeg/Mpeg
2013 Innuvatze systems
SAE
Nato WG
enabling future capability growth
Implement incremental acquisition process to allow better integration. Allows all components to evolve rather than being stuck with 10+ year old legacy items which constrain options
2010
System Architecture Quantify operational trade-off decisions field data gathering tools
models of performance
2020
System Architecture and processes
HSI integral part of acquisition program Canadian education programs in HSI
Industry incorporation of HSI into system engineering
legislation requirement for HSI in acquisition
Page 111 of 122
D. Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization Solution: Enabling Technologies, Processes and Tools
This appendix contains the detailed workshop participant input from Breakaway Session
2.
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 1
1 Difficulty in gathering and applying field feedback
Immediate, small group qualitative debriefs of soldiers returning from deployment or modifications, and a self-powered kit
Infantry
Engineers
Armour
Gunner
Technology a) 20
Technology b) 21
Technology c) 22
2 Wearable Power Enables use of new technologies by allowing recharge at platform level and recharge all devices
Technology a) 8
Technology b) 2
Technology c) 5
3 Device Proliferation To look at how to militarize existing integrated consumer applications
Technology a) 3
Technology b) 5
Technology c) 16
Page 112 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 2
1 Reducing soldier physical burden
Improving fit, form, anthropometry
Improving interfaces capability
Enabling future capability growth
Need to standardize connectors for power, GUIs, etc…
If standardized, this can interchange technology
Need user involvement to determine need (current and future, unlimited connectivity, cost dependency)
Specify requirements for industry
Technology a)
Compatible with USB, Ethernet or other standardized connector
Technology b)
100 pin connector that‘s small and lightweight
Technology c)
Magnetic connectors that are easier to use
2 Reducing soldier physical burden
Enabling future capability growth
Minimize power that must be carried in additional to other equipment
Incorporate power generation and storage into clothing (for ex: energy from solar or movement)
Locations of storage on body must be moveable
Need multiple sources, wind, gun, energy
Energy storage must be lightweight
Technology a)
Textiles that generate solar power
Technology b)
Energy from the weapon, movement, wind
Technology c)
Light fuel cells
3 Sensor Integration Create industry and government standards responsible for defining standards and minimum interoperability requirements
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Page 113 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 3
1 Improving body-worm equipment/sensors integration
The ‗Skin‘ will have to provide the physical backbone for connectivity
Technology a)
Systems Engineering
Technology b)
Smart Materials (functional materials)
Technology c)
Nanotechnologies
2 Reducing the effects of stressors
The ‗Skin‘ will have to meet hot/cold/neutralization/camouflage requirements
Technology a)
Physiology
Technology b)
Textile Technology
Technology c)
Biomedical Engineering
3 Improving integration with C4I systems
The ‗Skin‘ will have to be ‗wired‘ to provide a ‗Personal Area Network‘
Technology a)
Communications Engineering
Technology b)
Human Systems Engineering
Technology c)
Network Sciences and local cloud computing
Page 114 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 4
1 Improve Modularity / Configurability
Vest and accessories
Weapon and accessories
Radio and sensor access
Technology a)
Clothing, weapon and sensors
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
2 Improving Interfaces Compatibility
Mission specific pre-selection software
Technology a)
Software ‗expert‘ system
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
3 N/A N/A Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Page 115 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 5
1 All Mandated requirement for an HIS program and process in all acquisition projects
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
2 Physical Burden
Interface Compatibility
Body-worn sensor integration
C4I integration
Multi-functional materials and devices
Single displays (field display)
Intelligent textiles
Phase-change materials
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
3 Near all Common tailored optimized soldier HMI cross platform
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Page 116 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 6
1 Improving Integration with Weapons
Improving Integration with C4I Systems
Improving Integration with Combat Vehicles
Improving Integration with Autonomous vehicle/sensors
Immediate, small group qualitative debriefs for soldiers
Technology a)
Incorporate into Systems Engineering Processes
Technology b)
Develop an Integration Test-bed with Troops
Technology c)
Boundaries (physiological) and other
2 Improving tools and processes (physical)
Improving tools and processes (psychological)
Enabling future capability growth
Integrating HIS into acquisition process
Technology a)
DRDC led soldier system lab
Technology b)
HIS value case for industry/government
Technology c)
Collaborate with universities to develop programs
3 N/A N/A Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Page 117 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 7
1 Improving System Characterization (Psychological)
Improving Tools and Processes (Psychological)
Reducing the Effects of Stressors
Improving Socio/Psychological Readiness
Enhancing / Augmenting Soldier Perception
Reducing Cognitive Burden (Information Load)
-Improving Situation Awareness / Understanding
Improving Decision Making
Artificial intelligence (AI) collecting / filtering / feeding critical information / data to the warfighter
Programming of rule for harvesting / analysing / presenting situational awareness information to the soldier
Visor see-through heads-up display and intuitive graphic and icon display
User friendly PDA usable with one hand with ergonomic motor-response of the hand
Holograms technology to display maps / blue-red force / terrain in 3D
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Continued ...
Page 118 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 7 (continued)
2 Reducing Physical Soldier Burden (Weight Overload)
Improving Interfaces Compatibility
Improving Body-Worn Equipment / Sensors Integration
Improving System Characterization (Psychological)
Improving Tools and Processes (Psychological)
Improving Situation Awareness / Understanding
Improving Decision Making
Enhancing Displays / GUI
Smart textiles
O.L.E.D. (Organic Light Emitting Display)
Highly Breathable Active Textiles (enhanced thermo-regulation)
Drug Dispensing Textiles (Biocide Enhanced Healing)
Self-Cleaning Textiles
Conductive Fibres (Electrical Connections)
Energy Harvesting Textiles (Thermal energy absorption and/or redistribution)
Water Harvesting / Filtering / Dispensing textiles / suit from perspiration and urine for personal cooling or hydration
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
3 N/A N/A Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Page 119 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 8
1 Improving Interfaces Compatibility
Battle space SA between top and front line
Ability to use a visual cams ability for situational awareness
Technology a)
Communications Research focusing on information collection and distribution
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
2 Improving Situation Awareness / Understanding
Dynamic communications system with filters capability
Technology a)
Computer / Communication Integration
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
3 Improved Integration with C4I Systems
Audio visual, text, symbols considerations or bio-constraints / stress
Technology a)
Display interaction GUI
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Page 120 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 9
1 N/A Use of anthropomorphic data availability – distribution standard set of bodies and equipment
compile information
enhance capability
create 3D CAD program to use to develop PPE integrated system
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
2 N/A Comprehensive study on the effects of mass and bulk (for example: PPE) on soldier performance and survivability
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
3 Improving interfaces compatibility
High impact technologies available
Low light emissions for dismounted soldier
One interactive display – simple
Follow intuitive cultural civilian knowledge
Allow users to adapt display to his /her required applications
Integration with weapon
Not needed for every soldier
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Page 121 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 10
1 Improving fit, form, anthropometry
SkeletBone Skin that does not loose user capabilities
Technology a) 3
Technology b) 6
Technology c) 11
2 Improving system characterization (psychological)
Change the mentality of training. Combat centres to test readiness
Enhanced reliability of testing tools
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
3 Reducing physical soldier burden (weight overload)
Save weight by:
Smart textiles lining in garments
Integration of systems (i.e. GPS, USB, baseline systems)
Development of models
Logistic distinction (i.e. learning, management, movement, education, life-cycle)
Overall management of applications of solution, education of soldiers
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A
Page 122 of 122
Breakaway Session 2 Participant Input: System Optimization
Technical/Functional Challenges
Description Related Technologies
(S&T)
Participant Table 11
1 Sensor Integration Create industry and government standards responsible for defining standards and minimum interoperability requirements
Technology a) N/A
Technology b) N/A
Technology c) N/A