SS9 Geography of the Earth

8/11/2019 SS9 Geography of the Earth

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Our Planet and Its GeographyEarth

Third planet from the sun Weight6 sextillions and 588 quintillion tons Size196,938,800 square miles Has day and nightThe Earths Geography

EratosthenesA Libyan-born librarian of Alexandria,wasthe first person to use the word geography.

gederived from the Greek word meaning the earth.

graphemeaning to describe

Geographymeans the study of the earths waterforms,landforms, natural and human environment and itsnatural resources.


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The WaterformsThese are made up of salt and fresh water. Oceanbiggest body of water that surrounds a continent.

Seabig body of salty water that is often connected to the ocean. Baya body of salty water is partly enclosed by land. Gulfa part of the ocean or sea surrounded by land, much larger

than a bay. Covea much smaller, horse-shoe shaped along the coast that is

surrounded by land formed of soft rock. Straitnarrow body of water connects two larger bodies of waterFresh water formations are often found on land. Lakelargest body of water surrounded by land. Riverlongest flowing body of water that usually empties into the

sea or ocean.

Glacierit is also a river, but instead of flowing water, it is a slowlymoving river of ice. Waterfallwhen a river falls off steeply from a mountain or any

natural elevated land formation. Estuary- where freshwater and saltwater would likely meet. It is a

haven for mangroves, school of small fishes and other crustaceans.


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The Landforms

Land features on our planet Continentsthe biggest landforms on the surface of our planet.

Mountains- land formations like those very tall and high naturalplaces. Valleysflat low lands found between mountains. Cavea large hole in the ground or on the side of the hill or

mountain. Volcanois a mountainous vent on our planets crust. Hillnaturally formed mound of land, lower than a mountain. Buttehill formation with a steep side and a flat top Mesaa land formation with a flat area on top and vertical steep

walls usually found in dry areas. Plateaua flat region of land that is higher than the surrounding

land. Plaina much larger area of flat land that has small changes on itsdistance from the ground.

Deserta very dry region of land where only handful of animals,plant life and people live.


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Land formations acquire a different name inrelation to the surrounding body of water.

Islandis a land formation surrounded by asea, an ocean or a lake. Atollis a ring-shaped or partial ring-shaped

land form made of corals that forms an island.

Archipelagois a group of islands. Capea small pointed land formation that sticks

out into a sea, ocean, lake or river.

Peninsulais a body of land much bigger than acape and surrounded by water on three sides.


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Butte Hill


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Mesa Plain


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Desert Valleys


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Atoll Cape


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Peninsula


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Our Natural EnvironmentOur planets environment defines the way we live.

Weather Systeminteracts with our land and water forms whichproduces different seasons. Atmospherecreated by natural process Evolving plant and animal life, continentsslowly by continuously

moving around through the natural geologic process. Glaciers and ice capsbuild up and melt and build up again in

continuous cycle.

Our Weather System

Weatherday-to-day condition of our atmosphere at any given timeand place.

Climatedescribing the average condition of weather over a longperiod of time.

Temperaturethe amount of heat in the airAir pressureweight of the air varies from place to place, depending

on the altitude or height of that place.


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Our Weather System Windalso know as moving air Humidityamount of water vapour present in the air

that continuously builds up over the land and waterforms of our planet.

Air masseshuge amount of air that builds up withthe same temperature.

1. Air masses that build up over landmasses have lessmoisture and normally dry.2. Air masses that build up over bodies of water

(ocean, seas etc.) have more moisture and generallywet.

Frontthe line when these two masses of air meet

Moistureliquid precipitation of rain or solidprecipitation of snow.


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THE CLIMATE REGIONS IN OUR PLANETThere are six major climate regions in our planet Tropical Climateswhere the temperature is warm all year

round and the air is dam and humid.

The Dry Climateswhere the weather is dry. The Mild Climateswinter season in this climate is mild. The Continental Climates- winters are severe and longer, heavy

snow storms.Permafrost - known as permanent frozen land brought about bycontinuous falling of snow over a long period of time.

During summer, the land can be very hot (short summer). The Polar Climatesice cap climates, temperature is 0C. Snow

falls regularly until it forms a solid sheet of ice (continentalglacier).During summer, the snow melts and the ground defrost to a depthof few inches.

Tundra - a vegetation of mosses, lichen, bushes and flowerscovers the land.

The High Altitude Climateslocated inhigh altitude places,climate varies according to the prevailing wind, altitudeheat andhumidity are seldom.Highlandareas are located in mountains (people live in valleys)

Uplandlocated in high elevated areas above sea level,


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THE CONTINENTS OF OUR PLANET Asialargest of all 7 continents, located in the Northern

Hemisphere. Africa2ndlargest continent, Rift Valleyis a known feature of the

African landscape. Lake Victoria is the largest water form in Africa. North America3rdlargest continent, located in the Northern

Hemisphere USA, Canada and Mexico occupy the mainland of NorthAmerican continent. Mississippi Riverknown as North Americasgreatest river.

South America4thlargest continent, located in the SouthernHemisphere. The Andes chain of mountains with its highest peak atMount Aconcagua in Argentina.

Antarcticasmallest inhabitant of all the continents, covered by icethe whole year round. It is also known as cold desert. It lies southof the Antarctic Circle.

Europe continent located in the Northern Hemisphere

Australiasmallest continent the land down under. Located in theSouthern hemisphere very close to the equator.


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THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

The human environment is a man-made environment co-existing with the natural environment of our planettofacilitate life in a society.

UNITED NATIONSone major world organization of statesor independent countries that exists. As of the last

count, there are 192 members of the UN.

Stateis a self-governing and internationally recognizedindependent political body.

Countryis a geographic term indicating the physicalterritory of a nation.

Nationlarge group of people sharing a common culturalcharacteristics, history and ethnic background and unitedby common political institutions.

C OSS O


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P R I M E N U M B E R SP Y I Q Y E L L A V D X

E E Q W E R T Y U T I G

T T J H M K L D P F O L

S O U T H A M E R I C A

T M H G I S D S A R L C

A E C V G B N E Z C I I

T R U E H E A R T R M EE L A N D M D T H K A R

C O N T I N E N T O T Y

H I G H L A N D E L E Z

SS9 Geography of the Earth

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