SpeakingSpeaking

Speaking in Another Speaking in Another LanguageLanguage

VocabularyGrammar

InteractionStrategies

Body language

RegisterAppropriacy

Functions

Genre Knowledge

SocioculturalKnowledge

CommunicativeCompetence

Communicative TasksCommunicative Tasks

VideoVideo

Communicative Language Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)Teaching (CLT)

Authentic, real-world, Authentic, real-world, functional, functional, contextualizedcontextualized

UnpredictableUnpredictable Task-based, collaborationTask-based, collaboration Involves critical thinking Involves critical thinking

and problem-solving and problem-solving skillsskills

Focus on PRODUCTION: Focus on PRODUCTION: Gets students Gets students talking!talking!

Balance between fluency Balance between fluency & accuracy& accuracy

A Grab Bag of A Grab Bag of Communicative Techniques:Communicative Techniques:

BrainstormingBrainstorming InterviewsInterviews Field TripsField Trips Role Plays / Skits Role Plays / Skits Discussions / Discussions /

Debates / GamesDebates / Games Small-Group WorkSmall-Group Work Telephone Telephone

ConversationsConversations Oral presentationsOral presentations

Videos / FilmVideos / Film Team Problem-Team Problem-

Solving Solving Information GapsInformation Gaps Giving AdviceGiving Advice Jigsaw ActivitiesJigsaw Activities CommercialsCommercials Surveys / Surveys /

QuestionnairesQuestionnaires Guessing gamesGuessing games

Think about rearranging Think about rearranging your classroom.your classroom.

Guessing gameGuessing game

Are you alive?Are you alive? Are you a man?Are you a man? Are you younger than 40?Are you younger than 40? Are you from the U.S.?Are you from the U.S.? Do you live in Europe?Do you live in Europe? Are you an athlete?Are you an athlete? Are you an actor?Are you an actor? Are you a politician?Are you a politician? Are you married?Are you married? Do you speak English?Do you speak English?

DrillingDrilling Drilling:Drilling: imitating and repeating imitating and repeating

words and phraseswords and phrases

Gain articulatory control over Gain articulatory control over languagelanguage

Useful for gaining control of short, Useful for gaining control of short, functional functional chunkschunks::

by the way that

reminds me

before I forget

as I was saying

DrillsDrillsSentence starters:Sentence starters:

By memorizing these chunks and By memorizing these chunks and gaining control over them, learners gaining control over them, learners increase their fluency.increase their fluency.

Do you mind if I…? Do you think you could…?

Would it be OK if….?

Do you happen to…?

Practice Drill with partner or Practice Drill with partner or gamegame

Do you happen to…? know the time? know the date? know what the homework is for tonight? have your cell phone? know her name? have change for $200? have your car today? have your book? ___________________? ___________________?

Mingling ActivitiesMingling Activities

Find someone who….Find someone who….

Would you ever…Would you ever…

eat snake?eat snake? go scuba diving?go scuba diving? parachute out of an airplane?parachute out of an airplane?

Role Plays andRole Plays and DialoguesDialogues

Dialogue: HotelDialogue: Hotel

Guest:Guest: Excuse me.Excuse me. Housekeeper:Housekeeper: Yes, how may I help Yes, how may I help

you?you? Guest:Guest: Could I have some Could I have some

extra extra towels?towels? Housekeeper:Housekeeper: Absolutely. Here you Absolutely. Here you

are.are. Guest:Guest: Thank you.Thank you. Housekeeper:Housekeeper: You’re welcome. Have You’re welcome. Have

a a nice day!nice day!

Disappearing DialogueDisappearing Dialogue

Guest:Guest: ExcuseExcuse Housekeeper:Housekeeper: Yes, howYes, how Guest:Guest: Could I have some Could I have some

extra extra towels?towels? Housekeeper:Housekeeper: Absolutely. Absolutely. Guest:Guest: Thank you.Thank you. Housekeeper:Housekeeper: You’re You’re

Have aHave a

me.me.may I help you?may I help you?

Here you are.Here you are.

welcome.welcome.nice day!nice day!

Role PlaysRole PlaysStudent AStudent A

You are booking into a hotel.You are booking into a hotel.You have a reservation.You have a reservation.

ComplicationsComplicationsYou are on your own.You are on your own.You want a shower.You want a shower.You want breakfast in the You want breakfast in the morning.morning.You have an early meeting and You have an early meeting and must not be late.must not be late.

Student B Student B You are a hotel receptionist.You are a hotel receptionist.Welcome the guest.Welcome the guest.Find them a room. Find them a room.

ComplicationsComplicationsYou can't find their You can't find their reservation.reservation.You only have a double room You only have a double room with bath available.with bath available.

How can you prepare your students for this role play?

Other role play ideas?Other role play ideas? Restaurant: customer Restaurant: customer

and waiterand waiter

Two friends who Two friends who haven’t seen each other haven’t seen each other for a long timefor a long time

Leaving a telephone Leaving a telephone message with a message with a secretarysecretary

Doctor and patientDoctor and patient

Host and guest at a Host and guest at a partyparty

Guests making small Guests making small talk at a partytalk at a party

DialoguesDialogues

Memorizing scriptsMemorizing scripts

1. Put in order the jumbled dialogue:1. Put in order the jumbled dialogue:Yes, it’s the first on the right, after the lights.Yes, it’s the first on the right, after the lights.Yes?Yes?Thanks very much.Thanks very much.Excuse meExcuse meYou’re welcomeYou’re welcomeCan you tell me where Hills Road is, please?Can you tell me where Hills Road is, please?

2. Then practice the dialogue in pairs; 2. Then practice the dialogue in pairs; practice variants and substitutionspractice variants and substitutions

DialoguesDialogues

Picture and word cuesPicture and word cues

To ease the memorizing, the script of To ease the memorizing, the script of the dialogue can be represented on the dialogue can be represented on the board as drawings or word the board as drawings or word promptsprompts

Hills Road?

Right--lights

Can you tell me…?

DialoguesDialogues Dialogue buildingDialogue building

Ask questions to elicit the situationAsk questions to elicit the situation Construct a dialogue together and drill Construct a dialogue together and drill

with sswith ss Teacher can practice with one student Teacher can practice with one student

firstfirst Do in pairs, then in front of class—make Do in pairs, then in front of class—make

variationsvariations

Dialogue BuildingDialogue Building

Where are Where are there?there?

Who are they?Who are they?

Do they know Do they know each other?each other?

What are What are they talking they talking about?about?

Reading aloudReading aloud Reading is the natural “next step” Reading is the natural “next step”

between writing and speakingbetween writing and speaking Like actors reading their lines before Like actors reading their lines before

speakingspeaking Reading aloud is a form of Reading aloud is a form of

scaffoldingscaffolding Reader´s theatorReader´s theator

Discussions and debatesDiscussions and debates Balloon debate: Balloon debate:

Who should be sacrificed?Who should be sacrificed?

Elvis Presley

Albert Einstein

Frida Kahlo

Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Pancho Villa

Mother Teresa

Panel DiscussionsPanel Discussions

Like television debateLike television debate Each student takes on part of the Each student takes on part of the

debate with different opiniondebate with different opinion Audience can ask questionsAudience can ask questions

Master of ceremonies

Useful expressions for Useful expressions for discussions:discussions:Expressing an Expressing an

opinion:opinion:If you ask me…If you ask me…

Personally, I think…Personally, I think…

If you want my opinion…If you want my opinion…

Conceding an Conceding an argument:argument:Perhaps you’re right.Perhaps you’re right.

OK, you win.OK, you win.

You’ve convinced me.You’ve convinced me.

Strong agreement:Strong agreement:Absolutely.Absolutely.

I couldn’t agree more.I couldn’t agree more.

I totally agree.I totally agree.

I agree.I agree.

Hedging:Hedging:I get your point, but…I get your point, but…

Yes, but…Yes, but…

Qualified Qualified agreement:agreement:That’s partly true.That’s partly true.

On the whole, yes.On the whole, yes.

I’d go along with that.I’d go along with that.

Strong Strong disagreement:disagreement:I don’t agree.I don’t agree.

On the contrary,…On the contrary,…

I totally disagree.I totally disagree.