South African National Energy Development Institute - Sustainable … Mobility/images... ·...
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Transcript of South African National Energy Development Institute - Sustainable … Mobility/images... ·...
What’s up with this global warming stuff?
• Why the sudden interest in CO2 and global warming?
• What’s it got to do with me?
• I didn't cause it. (Did I??)
• Why does it matter to me?
• Surely it will take forever to make a difference to our lives.
• What difference can I make? I mean really? Me?
• When did global warming begin?
(NASA Global Climate Change)
(Carbon Countdown, Data from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report 2014)
(Data from Differential climate impacts for policy-relevant limits to global warming: the case of 1.5 ◦C and 2 ◦C)
Why me?
How does this affect me?
How is this my problem?
We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors
We borrow it from our children.
– Old Indian proverb
How should we respond?
How should I respond?
Elon Musk, Bibop Gresta, Dirk Albohn
Hyperloop
1200 km/h in a vacuum tunnel powered by solar
Nikola One
Hydrogen fuel cell powered zero emissions truck
Lohr Industrie (France)
Cristal
Fully electric modular semi-autonomous “Road Train”
Isn’t this all too new, too futuristic ??
Are we ready for it?
Electric trucks charging in London (1917)
Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems in road transport vehicles. Is it a viable retrofit option for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions reduction?
Abdool [email protected]
Sustainable Transport & Mobility for Cities (Durban-March 2017)
KERS 101
KERS 101
What is a Kinetic Energy Recovery System?
(Otherwise known as a KERS system)
KERS 101
What is a Kinetic Energy Recovery System?
It is a system that absorbs the energy normally wasted in braking a
vehicle, and then releases the energy when the vehicle needs to
accelerate.
KERS 101
KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEMS
In 2009, Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) rose to prominence
due to use into Formula One motor racing. These systems captured
and stored braking energy to provide an extra 60 kW of power on
demand to the driver. This paved the way for a whole new source of
automotive efficiency.
KERS 101
There are a number of different types of KERS systems with the more
popular being:
• Electric regenerative systems
• Hydraulic systems
• Pneumatic systems
• Flywheel systems
Gyrobus (Switzerland 1950s)
60 km/h, up to 6 km range, 1,5t flywheel speed 3000 rpm
Recharge in 2 to 6 minutes depending on charge voltage
Volvo has employed this technology in the “Flybrid” system in the Volvo
S60 and claims fuel efficiency improvements of up to 25%.
THE ADGERO SYSTEM
Adgero, a start up based in Strasbourg, France, has developed a
KERS system for medium and heavy goods vehicles that is based on a
YASA motor and Skeleton Ultra Capacitors. This system uses a
proprietary control system and is designed as a retrofit package to an
existing diesel engine vehicle, or as fitment to a semi-trailer.
THE ADGERO SYSTEM
Layout diagram of Adgero KERS system
THE ADGERO SYSTEM
THE ADGERO SYSTEM
Underside of KERS semi trailer
THE ADGERO SYSTEM
Iveco 12t urban delivery vehicle
THE ADGERO SYSTEM
Layout diagram of Adgero KERS system in IVECO 12 ton rigid truck
THE ADGERO SYSTEMSKELETON ULTRACAPACITOR ENERGY STORAGE MODULE
Benefits of Skeleton ultracapacitors:
Lifespan of over 1 000 000 charge/discharge cycles
Operating temperature range of -40 °C to +70 °C
30% more efficient than batteries
60 times the power density of batteries
No harmful chemicals or toxic metals
Low maintenance requirements
THE ADGERO SYSTEM
YASA MOTOR
INITIAL TRIALS
Test vehicle: Iveco EUROCARGO 12 ton Urban delivery vehicle
Mission Profile: Urban Delivery
Route: City centre Tallin, Estonia
Adgero KERS system in IVECO 12t rigid truck
RESULTS
Energy Storage system data
Power of Electric Motor 80kW Size of Ultracapacitor Stack 150 Wh 540 kWs
Electrical characteristics of Adgero KERS system in IVECO 12t rigid truck
Total time Distance Ave speed Ave speed w/out
stops Max
Speed Max
acceleration Max
deceleration
s km km/h km/h km/h m/s^2 m/s^2
2281,00 8,97 14,15 20,55 48,75 1,50 -2,23
Results Conventional Diesel Hybrid Savings Regeneration Savings
Fuel consumed (L) 3,43 2,88 0,55 0,55
Average consump (L/100km) 38,26 32,16 6,10 6,10
Costs (EUR) 3,63 3,05 0,58 0,58
% fuel savings 15,94%
Results of trials in urban delivery cycle for Adgero KERS
system in IVECO 12t rigid truck
Urban delivery test cycle with full load
RESULTS
Adgero KERS system in IVECO 12t rigid truck
RESULTS
• The initial trials show a 15,9% improvement in fuel consumption.
• The data logs show further potential for energy regeneration through
application of a larger Ultracapacitor stack.
• Further trials are being conducted in April 2017 with a target fuel
efficiency improvement of 20-22%.
• The ideal solution would be a compromise between system
optimization and economic viability
Return on Investment
• The system installed cost at commercialisation (mid 2018) is estimated at GBP 17 000.
• The Rate of Exchange GBP/Rand on 25 March 2017 is R15,51/GBP. This is R263 670.
• With an estimated 150km a day, fuel consumption is 38.26/100x150 = 57.39 L per day
• Annual fuel consumption is 20 947 L.
• With a 15.9% fuel consumption saving, this would be a reduction of 3 331 L.
• The March 2017 diesel price at the coast is R 11,22 (AA, 2017)
• This results in an annual saving of R 37 374 which yields a 14,2 % return on
investment.
• CO2 reduction would be 8 860 kg per year.
• There is potential for further system optimization aimed at a 20% fuel consumption
savings. This would improve the annual fuel savings to R 47 005 which would yield a
return of 17.8% on the cost of the KERS system. (The 2018 estimated price includes an
additional capacitor bank)
NEXT STEPS
• Sainsbury and Howden’s in the UK have placed orders for 20 KERS
fitments. These units will be built between May 2018 and July 2018
• This project is sponsored in part through a grant by the UK government
OLEV
• Dr. Marc Stettler from Imperial College (London) is supervising the
operational trials and will be monitoring the fuel consumption and
emissions performance
• Commercial production and sales of the Adgero KERS solution will
commence mid 2018
CONCLUSIONS
• Ultracapacitor based KERS systems are reaching maturity and are
now economically viable.
• At current system efficiencies, the fuel savings alone yield a 14,2%
return on investment, with potential to reach approx 18%.
• Fleet operators may begin to consider KERS systems as a retrofit
strategy to reduce GHG emissions in the medium term rather than
wait for fleet end-of-life replacement cycles for EV substitution
Continual Improvement Strategies
• Some organisations choose to remain the way they are.
Static and predictable
• Other organisations choose to make incremental
improvements to the business
• The start up eco-system is dominated by radical innovation
• At KDG Logistics we choose parallel strategies of
incremental improvement as well as radical innovation
• As a result, each year we tweak the specification of our
Volvo trucks ( approx 15 new trucks per year), and we look
for improvements in tyres, operational performance, etc
• This has already achieved a better than 20% improvement
in fuel consumption and emissions
• We also have a radical innovation program where we are
targeting a 38,6% improvement in emissions and fuel
economy in 20% of our fleet by end 2018
We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors
We borrow it from our children.
A special thank you to
Abdool [email protected]
