SOURCES OF WATER

PRESENTESION MADE BY:YASH PATEL

IntroductionWater is a vital natural resource which

forms the basis of all life.It is one of the marvelous gift to us.About 70% of the human body is water.The bodies of all plants and animals

contain water.It has be estimated that the total water

contained on earth is about 1385.5×10^6.

About water97% of the water on the Earth is salt

water. However, only 3% percent is fresh water; slightly over 2/3 of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.

The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air.

On the surface of earth 71% is covered by seas and oceans and remaining 29% is occupied by land.

Fresh water is a renewable resource.

Distribution of water on earth

Sources Of WaterSource

s of water

Surface water Ground water

Lakes Ponds Streams Rivers Storage

reservoir

Open wells Tube wells Artesian wells Springs Infiltration

Surface waterSurface water is water on the surface of the planet

such as in a river, lake, wetland, or ocean. It can be contrasted with groundwater and atmospheric water.

Non-saline surface water is replenished by precipitation and by recruitment from ground-water. It is lost through evaporation, seepage into the ground where it becomes ground-water, used by plants for transpiration, extracted by mankind for agriculture, living, industry etc. or discharged to the sea where it becomes saline.

1) Lake

2) Ponds

3) Streams

4) Rivers

Ground waterGround water is the water present

beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

1)Open wells

2)Tube wells

3)Artesian well

4)Infiltration galleries

Uses of waterThe use of water may be broadly divided into

three categories: Uses of water

Consumptive use• Irrigation use

Partial consumptive use• Domestic use• Industrial use• Institutional

use• Public use• Fire demad

Non-consumptive use Navigational

use Recreational

use Hydro electric

power generation

Pollution control

Overuse of waterRapid population growth and increasing

water consumption for agriculture,industry and domestic have strained the world’s fresh water resources.

Water disputes between the Indian states are increasing as they have to meet the increase in water demand due to overuse of water.

Due to expanding human population, competition for water is growing such that many of the world’s aquifers are becoming depleted. this is due to overuse of water.

Conservation of waterExcessive and unplanned use of water has

depleted our water resources.Water conservation includes all the policies,

strategies and activities made to manage fresh water as a sustainable resource, to protect the water environment, and to meet current and future human demand.

Hence, there is immediate need for the conservation of water.

Domestic conservation

1. Verify your home is leak free.2. Close faucets while soaping and

rinsing clothes.3. Use waste water in flush.4. Keep overflow valve in the overhead

tank.5. Don’t over water your loans.6. Avoid flushing unnecessarily.7. Use sprinkle irrigation in your

garden.

Industrial conservation1. Install waste water treatment plant in the

factory.2. Reuse cooling water for gardening or

irrigation.3. Develop new plant processes which require

less water.4. Reuse water when it is discharged from

various processes.5. Check the efficiency of your water

equipment on regular basis.

Agricultural conservation1. Improved methods of irrigation like drip

irrigation and sprinkler irrigation must be used.

2. Conventional flooding methods of irrigation should be discouraged.

3. Avoiding excess irrigation.4. Reducing losses from canals.5. By constructing structures like: check

dames,khet talawadi,pala,gully plugging.

Rain water harvesting