SOURCES OF SOCIAL EXPERIENCE Agents of Socialization.
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Transcript of SOURCES OF SOCIAL EXPERIENCE Agents of Socialization.
Locus – placement in society
Meaning of each w/in cultural context
Source of cultural capital Way one sees the world and place in
it Factors/”locators”
SES – Kohn Race Ethnicity Gender religion
Socialization
Orientation Learn norms &
valuesLanguages and
symbols“tools” and “Lens”Material culture
Development of the SELF
Affection – “Specialness”
Love – unconditional – you are special and unique - irreplaceable Brofenbrenner
Support Decisions Growth Successes failures
School – benefit to societyGracey – Kgartern = bootcamp
NOT SPECIALFormal
Skills and Knowledge – replacement parts
Sort & Select What opportunities are open
Social interaction –new peeps & encounters
Intellectual growth – new ideasPersonal development – new
experiencesCultural transmission –
values,history, normsSocial control – hidden curriculum
Peer Groups – continues through life
Key focus time = Autonomy – sense of independence Belongingness – sense of worth &
acceptance – “earned”Knowledge and conformity necessary
for membership“peer pressure”
Mass Media Cultural transmission – reinforces
values“Meaning” – social reality is created
SES,race,ethnicity,gender,religion,ageMaterialism- stuff we should wantVicarious living/entertainmentInformation/interpretation of key
eventsCan create change/can reflect status
quo
Public Opinion
Ideas on major issuesReflects the culture at a given time Indicates areas of culture strain and
change
Shaping ideas
Gender socialization – ideas, messages about being male or female in specific groups
SES – differing values, goals, normsRacial socialization – ideas, messages
about race/ethnicity in specific groups Personal & group identity Intergroup and interpersonal relationships Position within the social
structure/hierarchy
Gender
Socially and culturally constructed differences between males and females
Found in the meanings, beliefs & practices associated w/
FemininityMasculinity
“Gender is a human invention, like language, kinship, religion, and technology; like them, gender organizes human social life in culturally patterned ways. Gender organizes social relations in everyday life as well as in the major social structures, such as social class and the hierarchies of bureaucratic organizations.” Lorber
Gender Roles
Attitudes and activities that society defines as appropriate for each sex
Learned through the socialization process
Gender Identity
Person’s perception of him or herself as female or male
Evaluation Body consciousness
Gendered belief systems
All ideas regarding masculine and feminine attributes held to be valid by the society
Reinforces ideas of appropriate behaviors, choices, norms, etc.
Gendered institution
Embedded ideas of gender – images, language, ideas
Divides power, resources, tasks, rewards
Equity
Different is merely different – not one better than the other
Social perceptionsMeta analysis
Social Construct of Reality
“To be a woman means to inhabit from early infancy to the last day of life, a psychological world which differs from the world of a man.” Mirra Komarovsky
We occupy intersecting, but different realities.
Role of culture
DP---DE----DT----DBDifferential perceptionsDifferential expectationsDifferential treatmentDifferential behaviorsGender-appropriate behavior is
learned through the socialization process
Self Concept: A Social Construction-develops and changes
throughout life
Total of all our beliefs and feelings about ourselves
Foundation of our communication w/other
Physical self Active self Social self Psychological self
Self Concept: Two Parts
Self identityWho am I?Define through
relationship to others
Self esteemWhat am I worth?Interpretation of
messages we receive about ourselves from others
Developmental ist v. Interactionist
DevelopmentalistStage theoristsbiological emphasis maturation process
Individual = passive
Childhood emphasis
InteractionistNo fixed stagesSocial experience
& interaction basis – socially defined
Individual = active; uniqueness
Continuous process-life long – feedback loop