Source-Receptor and Source-Receptor and Exposure Studies using Exposure Studies using

CRUISERCRUISER

Air quality research related to the Border Air Quality Strategy

Great Lakes Pilot GTA SW Ontario Windsor

Western Pilot Interior BC Lower Fraser Valley WISE Zone

BAQS Objectives of BAQS Objectives of MSC/AQRBMSC/AQRB

Linkages between emissions, and fine particle (PM2.5) and

ozone (O3) concentrations in the atmosphere and subsequent

human exposure levels.

Determination of the emission sources, in both Canada and

the U.S., that contribute most to population exposure and

environmental impacts.

Quantification of trans-boundary and regional transport and

deposition of PM2.5, O3 and their precursors as well as of PM2.5

constituents.

Air quality modeling for investigation of source-receptor

relationships, environmental prediction and evaluation of the

risks and benefits of air quality management strategies.

WallaceburgNW: Regional BackgroundSW: Metro Detroit Influence

HarrowNNW: Detroit+Windsor Influenceother: Regional Background

Mobile Measurements with the

╬ Canadian Regional & Urban Investigation System for Environmental Research Particles

AMS Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Composition/sizing info at 5 min data rate or

faster Species of Org, NO3, SO4, NH4 etc from ~0.1

g/m3

Aerosols with size ranging 40 nm–1 um

TEOM R&P Tapered Elements Oscillation Microbalance

Model 1400ab for PM2.5 Mass loading data (g/m3) @ 5 min rolling

average

CPC TSI Condensation Particle Counter 3010 Model 3010 counting aerosols 10 nm ->3 um Continuous data output for 0-10e5 p/cc

SMPS GRIMM Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Model 5.403 particle counter with one of

two classifiers 5 nm-340 nm or 10 nm-1100 nm with max

250 size bins Able to handle 0-10e7 p/cc

Aethalometer Magee Scientific Model AE-21 with dual channels (UV+VIS) Black carbon data @ 5 min rate Sensitivity better than 0.1 g/m3

Others TSI Aerodynamic particle sizer GRIMM optical dust counters for PM2.5 Laser induced incandescence for BC

Specific Measurements Gases and MeteorologyPTR-MS Ionicon Proton Transfer Reaction-MS

Analyzing VOCs in the air with 1 hz data rate

Scanning through 30-150 m/z species/fragments

Capable of 1 pptv sensitivity

Other gas instruments TECO NOy, modified models 42C and CTL Carbon Monoxide, modified model 48C

Sulfur Dioxide, model 42C TL Ozone, model 49C

Met Station Climatronics Model TECMAT II sonic met station Information of WS, WD, T, P, RH with

compass Co-mounted with a radiation sensor Continuous output through RS232 Mounted on a motor-driven telescoping

tower At height of ~9.5 m from ground

CRUISER Research Objectives

Human exposure:Detailed characterization of ‘hot-spots’ in order to gain insight into the

population’s exposure and into the emissions from selected sources. Improvement of land-use regression models for quantification of spatial

patterns in chronic exposure.

Air quality:Receptor models based upon high time resolution measurements.Spatial and temporal (4D) characterization and evolution of air masses as

they move from urban to rural areas and cross political boundaries.

"Ground-truthing" of satellite observations of air pollutants (e.g., NO2, PM).

In-situ (roadside) measurements of motor vehicle emissions and their dispersion and chemical and physical processes within the spatial scale of model grids.

Tracking of marine vessel emissions (ships) in the Pacific NW and Great Lakes.

2004-05 CRUISER and RASCAL:Rural Measurements (SW ONT)

ONTARIO

UNITED STATES

Toronto

QUEBEC

0 100

Kilometers

200

Met

ro D

etro

it

RegionalAir Pollutants

Contribution to

Regional background

Airshed & Exposure Characterization Airshed & Exposure Characterization TimelinesTimelines

Fixed sites for PM speciation Essex - 2003 Windsor (College&South) - early 2004 Wallaceburg - Fall 2004 Harrow - early 2005 (?)

Chronic exposure/saturation monitoring W, Sp, Su - passive sampling complete in Windsor W, Su - passive sampling complete in outlying

areas Personal exposure and indoor/outdoor

January 2005 Summer 2005

CRUISER & RASCAL Oct. 2004-Feb. 2005 (1st CRUISE was last week) 2006 Intensive with multiple universities

Aerosol Mass SpectrometerData from MSC location

May 11-15, episode. Throughout the time, there was a SW wind.Initially SO4 rose later than Org. Later they tracked each other. NO3 rose at night and disappeared by midday.

A sharp rise in SO4 after a clean morning. What is happening?

Aerosol Mass SpectrometerData from MSC location

Note m/z 44 tends to correlate with SO4 while 43,55,57,69 track organic mass

Aerosol Mass SpectrometerData from Resources Rd- 401 study

From August 03-10 MOE (Resources Rd) and Bay View area Collect data for the on going exposure

study Investigate how CRUISER instruments suits

performing Compare out PTR-MS to MOE’s TAGA CRUISER parked along TAGA for a few days

and did 4 survey by road CRUISER did well

Resources Rd. Pilot Study

Distance Decay Profile Downwind of 401 Resources Rd

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30

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Distance to Expressway (meters)

Po

lluti

on

Lev

el

PM2.5 (mg/m3)

NO2 ppb

NO ppb (x10)

O3 ppb

Average Conditions in Period

Average Conditions in Period

Resources Road Ultrafines- Aug 5

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10000

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50000

60000

70000

80000

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0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0

Distance to Expressway (meters)

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nce

ntr

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ltra

fin

es (

pt/

cc)

Downwind 1

Downwind 2

Aerosol Mass SpectrometerData from one road survey at Resources Rd

AB

C

D

Wind Direction on Aug. 5

August 5th - 'CRUISE'

[VO

C] (ppb

v)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

BenzeneTolueneXylenesC3-BenzenesC4-Benzenes

Highway

Upwind Downwind

VOCs

0.01

0.1

1

10Org ug/ m3 S O4 ug/ m3 NO3 ug/ m3 NH4 ug/ m3

Highway

Upwind Downwind

AMS Particles

1

10

100

1000

10000

SO2 ppb BC ng/m3 CO ppb

O3 ppb NOx ppb NO ppb

Highway

Upwind Downwind

Gases & BC

Estimated Exposure to Traffic-Estimated Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution (nitrogen Related Air Pollution (nitrogen dioxide) in the GTAdioxide) in the GTA

KANAROGLOU et al. (2004)

Closing RemarksClosing Remarks New ambient and exposure measurements in SW

Ontario, including the MOE sites, will lead to improved understanding of the sources and impacts of air pollutants, as well as opportunities to test and improve models Comparable measurements in Michigan would be

advantageous Detailed emissions within the airshed are required Analysis of all the existing and new measurement data

presents a challenge all itself and should involve specific model applications

Other funding (e.g., NSERC, CFCAS) needed to ensure/enhance university involvement.

Aerosol Mass SpectrometerData from MSC location

Rising of SO4 while Org remain unchanged. Noticed the rise of small size SO4 and later it disappeared. May 17 1300 to 1600

Aerosol Mass SpectrometerData from one road survey at Resources Rd

A

B

C

D

Details of organic fragments. As expected, the more small size material noticed the closer to highway. Little material noticed up wind from highway