Some aspects of windpower supply into electrical grid Prof. Dr. Rainer Haller
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Some aspects of windpower supply into electrical grid
Prof. Dr. Rainer Haller
ZCU Pilsen/ HS Regensburg
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Reliability of electrical energy supply in Germany
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Störung mit VU Störung mit VU Störung mit VU
199419951996
110 kV
220 kV
380 kV
Anzahl der Störungen
VU = break of supply
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Wind energy supply into electrical grid
1 x 200 kW
50 x 2.000 kW
realization of state rules (EEG)
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Offshore-Projects in the North Sea (final status)
Amrumbank West 1760 MW
Nordsee-Ost 400 MW
Borkum West 1040 MWBorkum Riffgrund West 2290 MW Borkum Riffgrund 625 MWHochsee WP Nordsee 2900 MW
Dan Tysk 1500 MW
Bürgerwindpark Butendiek 240 MW
Nordergründe 240 MW
Meerwind 1020 MW
North Sea Windpower 1430 MW
Sandbank 2600 MW
OWP Nordsee ? MW
Nördlicher Grund 2100 MW
Schl.-Holst. Nordsee 500 MW
Kraftwerke 6.500 MW
Kraftwerke 6.500 MW
DK
Nordsee
8285 8285 MWMW
3680 3680 MWMW
4340 4340 MWMW
NL
UW Dollern
UW Brunsbüttel
UW Flensburg
UW Audorf
1200 MW
UWEmden
UW Conneforde
UWWilhemshaven
UW Diele3200 MW
380-kV-UW 220-kV-UW Kraftwerk
Offshore-WP 16.000 MW
Offshore-WP 16.000 MW
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Increasing of Windpower supply z.B. E.ON Netz
2001 2006 2011
2016
3.800
6.400
12.800
15.700
Summe
3.800
5.6006.800
8.200
Onshore
800
6.000
7.500
Offshore
(Angaben in MW)
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Increasing of grid facilities z.B. E.ON Netz
(Angaben in MW)
2001 2006 2011
2016
3.800
6.400
12.800
15.700
Summe
Onshore
Offshore
350 km(110 Mio. €)
700 km(400 Mio. €)
1.000 km
kumuliertezusätzlichwind-bedingteTrassen-kilometer110/380 kV
(550 Mio. €)
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Power flow and Windpower supply
without Wind
Verteilnetz
G
110 kV
380/220 kV
20 kV
Netz
Netz
Last
Netz
additional windpower
Sammelnetz
G
110 kV
380/220 kV
20 kV
Netz
Netz
Last
Netz
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Erheblicher Ausbaubedarf des Höchst- und Hochspannungsnetzesfür den Anschluss von großen Windenergieanlagen
Erheblicher Ausbaubedarf des Höchst- und Hochspannungsnetzesfür den Anschluss von großen Windenergieanlagen
Consequences of WP supply for grid facilities and structure
Bisherige Dimensionierung entsprechend der maximalen Verbraucherleistung
Bisherige Dimensionierung entsprechend der maximalen Verbraucherleistung
Zukünftige Dimensionierung entsprechend dem Abtransport der eingespeisten Windleistung
Zukünftige Dimensionierung entsprechend dem Abtransport der eingespeisten Windleistung
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Problems of „power steps“
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UhrzeitL
eis
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W
07.11.1994
08.11.1994
09.11.1994
10.11.1994
ohne Windenergieim November 1994
mit Windenergieim Januar 2000
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Uhrzeit
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MW
17.01.2000
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21.01.2000
Dispatcher
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power steps during one day
stochastical change during one week
400 MW in 15 min
Increasing demand of regulating energy
Varianz1700 MW
dispatcher
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increased overload of transmission capacity
problems at voltage tolerances (missing reactive power)
problems at short circuit failures for grid stability
increased overload of transmission capacity
problems at voltage tolerances (missing reactive power)
problems at short circuit failures for grid stability
Increasing problems at grid operations
problems for grid operation
demands to the Wind GeneratorsRegulation of active power (rated value and gradient)
additional reactive power by WG in a large range of cos
reducing of active power by WG over 51,5 Hz
no switching of WG at grid short circuits
Regulation of active power (rated value and gradient)
additional reactive power by WG in a large range of cos
reducing of active power by WG over 51,5 Hz
no switching of WG at grid short circuits
dispatcher
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Technical realization of WG
ASGGe-
triebe
Asynchrongenerator (AG)
Leistungs-regelung
Blind-leistung
NichtTrennen
KS-Beitrag
Mit Pitchmöglich
stufbareKonden-satorbank
sehrschwierig
4-7 x INenn
Mit Pitchmöglich
Variablercos
ja 1,1 x INenn
Ja Variablercos
ja 1,1 x INenn
~
ASGGe-
triebe
~Umrichter
Doppelt gespeister ASG (DG)
SG ~– –~DC
Umrichter
Synchrongenerator (SG)
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Voltage profil after a three phase short circuit
Short circuit simulation in real grid (E.ON)
Wind power will be
switched off at short
circuit
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WWind (outage) power versus UCTE- primary regulating power
installed power
outage power Converter DG/SG
outage power Mix AG/DG/SG
max permissible outage power accord. UCTE
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Problems of three phase short circuit in transmission grid
Voltage significant under 90 %
large area outage of wind power
primary regulating power no sufficient (UCTE max. 3000 MW) decreasing of frequency under 50 Hz
switching off for large power consumers (DVG 5-Stufenplan possible outage into UCTE grid
at short circuit the switching off for WG under 0,8 U/UN *) cannot be allowed
at short circuit the switching off for WG under 0,8 U/UN *) cannot be allowed
*) VDEW Richtlinie "Eigenerzeugungsanlagen am Mittelspannungsnetz"
grid code for WG e.g. for E.ON Netz [ Quelle: www.eon-netz.com]
grid code for WG e.g. for E.ON Netz [ Quelle: www.eon-netz.com]
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increasing regulation power and higher demands for regulation
possibilities of power units (esp. basic load power plants)
Increasing taking into account of wind power for dispatching of
planning power plants (nighty at large wind only KKW and WG on grid)
changing of power flow in the UHV- and HV- grid (problems of power trading)
increasing regulation power and higher demands for regulation
possibilities of power units (esp. basic load power plants)
Increasing taking into account of wind power for dispatching of
planning power plants (nighty at large wind only KKW and WG on grid)
changing of power flow in the UHV- and HV- grid (problems of power trading)
problems for power plants and grids
increasing problems of transmission capacities of important power
connection lines (bottleneck problems)
increasing problems in additional generating of reactive power
increasing problems for grid stability at short circuit failures
increasing problems of transmission capacities of important power
connection lines (bottleneck problems)
increasing problems in additional generating of reactive power
increasing problems for grid stability at short circuit failures
grids
power plants
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Conclusions and outlook
large wind
power plants
political rules and energy laws
increasing of regulating power (conv. pp)
repowering and optimization of grids and pp
modification of WG (no separation at short circuit)
increasing of planned wind power plants and their connection into the transmission grid requests significant technical and
economical efforts
increasing of planned wind power plants and their connection into the transmission grid requests significant technical and
economical efforts
grid operation
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Realization of the project „BorWin1“
(connection of windpower plant „BARD“)
Outlook
technical data: length ca. 200 km
transmission line (2 x 200 MW, HVDC)
2 converter units (HVDC- HVAC,
HVDC – HVAC)
www.eon-netz.com
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problems of on- shore grid
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principle for on- shore grid:
grid optimization (repowering, monitoring, ..)
additional lines
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influence of climate conditions for current load capacity
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principle of overhead- line- monitoring
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introduction of monitoring system requests the repowering of all components of grid
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on- site testing of monitoring [E.ON- Netz]
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Increased transmission capacity by using of monitoring
www.eon-netz.comone week
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advantages by using of monitoring system