Solutions for Urban Traffic Congestionhonolulutraffic.com/MStone2.pdf · Solutions for Urban...

Solutions for UrbanTraffic Congestion

Martin Stone, Ph.D., AICPDirector of Planning

Tampa-Hillsborough Expressway Authority

Tampa, Florida

Solutions for UrbanSolutions for UrbanTraffic CongestionTraffic Congestion



Tampa, Florida

Presentation1.1. Summary of Tampa Elevated Reversible Summary of Tampa Elevated Reversible

Express Lanes (Toll Highway)Express Lanes (Toll Highway)

2.2. Florida Fixed Rail ProjectsFlorida Fixed Rail Projects- Metro Rail (Miami-Dade)- Tri-Rail (Dade, Broward & Palm Beach Co.)

3.3. HonoluluHonolulu’’s Congestion Solution?s Congestion Solution?- Fixed Rail?- Elevated Hot Lanes?- Where does the money come from?

• Tampa• Orlando

•Miami

Tallahassee• •

Jacksonville•Pensacola

• LOS F (Forced Flow)

•75/25 Directional Split

• 15% Peak Hour

• 98% Repeat Users

Problems1.1. Severe AM/PM Peak Traffic CongestionSevere AM/PM Peak Traffic Congestion

- Long-term Need for 10 Lanes

2.2. Physical ConsiderationsPhysical Considerations- Narrow ROW - Constrained

3.3. Fixed Rail Not FeasibleFixed Rail Not Feasible- Population (Approx 1,000,000)- Land Use & Density Not Suitable- No Complimentary Infrastructure- Ridership NOT Large Enough to

Positively Affect Traffic Congestion- No Local Capital or O&M Subsidies- BRT a More Flexible Transit Solution

1.1. Design (3) reversible express lanesDesign (3) reversible express lanesDivert >50% of daily commuter trafficDivert >50% of daily commuter trafficfrom existing lanes to express lanesfrom existing lanes to express lanes

2. Install Open Road Tolling (ORT)Electronic and videoElectronic and video--based toll collectionbased toll collection

3. Build most of project as a concrete 3. Build most of project as a concrete segmental bridge in the mediansegmental bridge in the median““6 lanes on 6 feet6 lanes on 6 feet”” –– to save valuable to save valuable ROW for future transportation needsROW for future transportation needs

Crosstown PeakCrosstown Peak--Hour SolutionHour Solution

Selmon Crosstown Expressway Typical SectionExisting 4 LanesExisting 4 Lanes

Selmon Crosstown Expressway Typical SectionExisting 4 Lanes with 3 Express LanesExisting 4 Lanes with 3 Express Lanes

Selmon Crosstown Expressway Typical SectionExpand to 6 Lanes with 3 Express LanesExpand to 6 Lanes with 3 Express Lanes

Selmon Crosstown Expressway Typical SectionAdd Transit with 3 Express LanesAdd Transit with 3 Express Lanes

January, 2003January, 2003

March, 2004March, 2004

April, 2004April, 2004

January, 2006January, 2006

InterimInterimOperationsOperations

Open to TrafficOpen to TrafficWB WB -- 7/067/06EB EB -- 8/068/06

Express LaneExpress LaneTraffic @ ForecastTraffic @ Forecast

ApproximatelyApproximately11,000 ADT11,000 ADT

(Peak(Peak--Hour Only)Hour Only)

Total TrafficTotal Traffic+2,000 ADT+2,000 ADT

(Diversions from(Diversions fromLocal parallelLocal parallel

NonNon--tolled roads)tolled roads)

Total Project Cost = $300 MillionTotal Project Cost = $300 Million-- Planning & Planning & EnvEnv Studies = $2MStudies = $2M-- Design = $4MDesign = $4M-- Segmental Bridge (5.5 miles) = $120MSegmental Bridge (5.5 miles) = $120M-- Gateway Entrances = $30MGateway Entrances = $30M-- AtAt--Grade Sections (4.5 miles) = $64MGrade Sections (4.5 miles) = $64M-- All ITS Controls & TMC = $17MAll ITS Controls & TMC = $17M-- ROW (ponds) = $5MROW (ponds) = $5M-- ROW (downtown gateway) = $28MROW (downtown gateway) = $28M-- CM/CEI = $20MCM/CEI = $20M-- Contingency & Overage = $10MContingency & Overage = $10M

Project Costs & BenefitsProject Costs & Benefits

Total Project Cost = $300 MillionTotal Project Cost = $300 Million+ $120 Million Foundation Reinforcement+ $120 Million Foundation Reinforcement

= $420 Million Final Cost= $420 Million Final Cost




Express Lanes = 27 Lane MilesExpress Lanes = 27 Lane MilesBrandon Parkway = 12 Lane MilesBrandon Parkway = 12 Lane MilesMeridian Gateway = 6 Lane MilesMeridian Gateway = 6 Lane Miles

Project Total = 45 Lane MilesProject Total = 45 Lane Miles





Project Total = 45 Lane MilesProject Total = 45 Lane Miles

Cost Per Lane Mile = $8.5 MillionCost Per Lane Mile = $8.5 Million





Functional Project Total = 72 Lane MilesFunctional Project Total = 72 Lane Miles

Cost Per Lane Mile = $5.8 MillionCost Per Lane Mile = $5.8 Million


Segmental Bridge Cost = $120 MillionSegmental Bridge Cost = $120 Million+ $120 Million Foundation Reinforcement+ $120 Million Foundation Reinforcement


Segmental Bridge = 17.5 Lane MilesSegmental Bridge = 17.5 Lane MilesCost Per Lane Mile = $14 MillionCost Per Lane Mile = $14 Million

Reversible Bridge = 35 Lane MilesReversible Bridge = 35 Lane MilesCost Per Lane Mile = $7 MillionCost Per Lane Mile = $7 Million


Express Lanes Cost to Local TaxpayersExpress Lanes Cost to Local Taxpayers

$0$0100% Funding based on100% Funding based on

Revenue Bonds and LoansRevenue Bonds and LoansRepaid from $1.00 TollRepaid from $1.00 Toll

(Toll increase to $1.50 in 2007)(Toll increase to $1.50 in 2007)


Express Lanes Transportation BenefitsExpress Lanes Transportation BenefitsBeforeBefore -- Total Traffic = 115,000 ADTTotal Traffic = 115,000 ADT

-- East End Traffic = 75,000 ADTEast End Traffic = 75,000 ADT-- LOS F in AM & PM PeakLOS F in AM & PM Peak-- AM Peak Trip Time = 30AM Peak Trip Time = 30--40 Minutes40 Minutes


Express Lanes Transportation BenefitsExpress Lanes Transportation BenefitsBeforeBefore -- Total Traffic = 115,000 ADTTotal Traffic = 115,000 ADT

-- East End Traffic = 75,000 ADTEast End Traffic = 75,000 ADT-- LOS F in AM & PM PeakLOS F in AM & PM Peak-- AM Peak Trip Time = 30AM Peak Trip Time = 30--40 Minutes40 Minutes

AfterAfter -- 150% Increase in Capacity150% Increase in Capacity-- Divert 2,000 Trips from Local RoadsDivert 2,000 Trips from Local Roads-- LOS B for East End of ExpresswayLOS B for East End of Expressway-- AM Peak Trip time = 10 MinutesAM Peak Trip time = 10 Minutes-- Four New Express Bus RoutesFour New Express Bus Routes


Fixed Rail Transit in FloridaFixed Rail Transit in Florida


•Miami

Tallahassee•

Metro Rail (MiamiMetro Rail (Miami--Dade County)Dade County)



Population: 2.4 MillionPopulation: 2.4 Million1984 1984 –– Light Rail Light Rail –– 22.4 Miles 22.4 Miles –– 50,000 ADB50,000 ADBConstruction Cost: >$1 BillionConstruction Cost: >$1 Billion



Population: 2.4 MillionPopulation: 2.4 Million1984 1984 –– Light Rail Light Rail –– 22.4 Miles 22.4 Miles –– 50,000 ADB50,000 ADBConstruction Cost: >$1 BillionConstruction Cost: >$1 Billion


Fare Box Collections vs. Operating Cost

2nd Worst in US @ $.17out of $1

Fare Box Fare Box Collections vs. Collections vs. Operating CostOperating Cost

22ndnd Worst in US @ Worst in US @ $.17out of $1$.17out of $1



•Miami

Tallahassee•

TriTri--Rail (Dade, Broward & Palm Beach Co.)Rail (Dade, Broward & Palm Beach Co.)



Population: 5.5 MillionPopulation: 5.5 Million1994 1994 -- Commuter Rail Commuter Rail –– 72 Miles72 MilesCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSXCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSX



Population: 5.5 MillionPopulation: 5.5 Million1994 1994 -- Commuter Rail Commuter Rail –– 72 Miles72 MilesCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSXCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSX


12 Diesel12 Diesel--Electric Electric LocomotivesLocomotives

26 Bi26 Bi--Level Coaches Level Coaches ((AvgAvg 150 seats)150 seats)

Trains = 4 Coaches Trains = 4 Coaches ((AvgAvg 600 Seats)600 Seats)


Population: 5.5 MillionPopulation: 5.5 Million1994 1994 -- Commuter Rail Commuter Rail –– 72 Miles72 MilesCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSXCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSX2.9 M Annual Trips2.9 M Annual Trips61,000 61,000 VehVeh Rev HrsRev Hrs2.5 M 2.5 M VehVeh Rev MilesRev Miles97 M Passenger Miles97 M Passenger Miles


12 Diesel12 Diesel--Electric Electric LocomotivesLocomotives

26 Bi26 Bi--Level Coaches Level Coaches ((AvgAvg 150 seats)150 seats)

Trains = 4 Coaches Trains = 4 Coaches ((AvgAvg 600 Seats)600 Seats)


Population: 5.5 MillionPopulation: 5.5 Million1994 1994 -- Commuter Rail Commuter Rail –– 72 Miles72 MilesCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSXCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSX2.9 M Annual Trips 2.9 M Annual Trips = >8,000 Trips Per Day= >8,000 Trips Per Day61,000 61,000 VehVeh Rev Hrs Rev Hrs = = AvgAvg 48 Passengers/Hr48 Passengers/Hr2.5 M 2.5 M VehVeh Rev Miles Rev Miles = 1.4 Passengers/Mile= 1.4 Passengers/Mile97 M Passenger Miles 97 M Passenger Miles = 33 Mile = 33 Mile AvgAvg TripTrip



Population: 5.5 MillionPopulation: 5.5 Million1994 1994 -- Commuter Rail Commuter Rail –– 72 Miles72 MilesCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSXCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSX2.9 M Annual Trips 2.9 M Annual Trips = >8,000 Trips Per Day= >8,000 Trips Per Day61,000 61,000 VehVeh Rev Hrs Rev Hrs = = AvgAvg 48 Passengers/Hr48 Passengers/Hr2.5 M 2.5 M VehVeh Rev Miles Rev Miles = 1.4 Passengers/Mile= 1.4 Passengers/Mile97 M Passenger Miles 97 M Passenger Miles = 33 Mile = 33 Mile AvgAvg TripTrip$20 M Annual Cost$20 M Annual Cost



Population: 5.5 MillionPopulation: 5.5 Million1994 1994 -- Commuter Rail Commuter Rail –– 72 Miles72 MilesCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSXCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSX2.9 M Annual Trips2.9 M Annual Trips61,000 61,000 VehVeh Rev HrsRev Hrs2.5 M 2.5 M VehVeh Rev MilesRev Miles97 M Passenger Miles97 M Passenger Miles$20 M Annual Cost$20 M Annual Cost



Worst in US @ $.11out of $1


Worst in US @ Worst in US @ $.11out of $1$.11out of $1


Population: 5.5 MillionPopulation: 5.5 Million1994 1994 -- Commuter Rail Commuter Rail –– 72 Miles72 MilesCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSXCost: >$1 Billion + ROW Amtrak & CSX2.9 M Annual Trips2.9 M Annual Trips61,000 61,000 VehVeh Rev HrsRev Hrs2.5 M 2.5 M VehVeh Rev MilesRev Miles97 M Passenger Miles97 M Passenger Miles$20 M Annual Cost$20 M Annual CostAdd $400 M Double TrackAdd $400 M Double Track



Worst in US @ $.11out of $1


Worst in US @ Worst in US @ $.11out of $1$.11out of $1

Why do communityWhy do community’’s spend sos spend somuch money on projects withmuch money on projects withso little transportation value?so little transportation value?

Transportation ResourcesTransportation Resources

Honolulu Rail ProjectHonolulu Rail Project



How Much?How Much?

Who Pays?Who Pays?

What Benefits?What Benefits?



How Much?How Much? To BuildTo Build ---------- >$4 Billion>$4 BillionTo OperateTo Operate ---------- $50 Million$50 Million

Who Pays?Who Pays?





Who Pays?Who Pays? From FedsFrom Feds ---------- $400 Million$400 MillionLocal Taxes Local Taxes ---------- >$3.6 Billion>$3.6 BillionOperationsOperations ---------- More TaxesMore Taxes





Who Pays?Who Pays? From FedsFrom Feds ---------- $400 Million$400 MillionLocal TaxesLocal Taxes ---------- >$3.6 Billion>$3.6 BillionOperationsOperations ---------- More TaxesMore Taxes

What Benefits?What Benefits? Transit UseTransit Use ---------- 1% of Pop1% of PopH1 Congestion H1 Congestion ---- No ReliefNo Relief



How Much?How Much?

Who Pays?Who Pays?


Transportation ResourcesTransportation ResourcesHOT LanesHOT Lanes


How Much?How Much? To BuildTo Build ---------- <$1 Billion<$1 BillionTo OperateTo Operate ---------- XX MillionsXX Millions

Who Pays?Who Pays?



Below $1 BillionBelow $1 Billion$5$5--10 Million10 Million



Who Pays?Who Pays? From FedsFrom Feds ---------- $400 Million$400 MillionFrom PrivateFrom Private ---------- <$.6 Billion<$.6 BillionOperationsOperations ---------- Toll RevenueToll Revenue



Below $1 BillionBelow $1 Billion

Below $.6 BillionBelow $.6 BillionToll RevenueToll Revenue

$5$5--10 Million10 Million



Who Pays?Who Pays? From FedsFrom Feds ---------- $400 Million$400 MillionFrom PrivateFrom Private ---------- <$.6 Billion<$.6 BillionOperationsOperations ---------- Toll RevenueToll Revenue

What Benefits?What Benefits? Transit UseTransit Use ---------- Express BusExpress BusH1 Congestion H1 Congestion ----


Below $1 BillionBelow $1 Billion

Below $.6 BillionBelow $.6 Billion

ReducedReduced

$5$5--10 Million10 Million

Toll RevenueToll Revenue

PayPay--AsAs--YouYou--Go (Fuel Tax): Go (Fuel Tax):

PayPay--AsAs--YouYou--Use (Tolls): Use (Tolls):


PayPay--AsAs--YouYou--Go (Fuel Tax): Go (Fuel Tax): 100% for100% formaintenance, resurfacing andmaintenance, resurfacing andwidening (no new construction)widening (no new construction)

PayPay--AsAs--YouYou--Use (Tolls): Use (Tolls):



PayPay--AsAs--YouYou--Use (Tolls): Use (Tolls): Most new highwaysMost new highwaysbuilt with a form of debt financing built with a form of debt financing --bonds, loans, infrastructure banks,bonds, loans, infrastructure banks,publicpublic--private partnerships, leasesprivate partnerships, leases(50(50--100 year useful life assets) 100 year useful life assets)



PayPay--AsAs--YouYou--Use (Tolls): Use (Tolls): Most new highwaysMost new highwaysbuilt with a form of debt financing built with a form of debt financing --bonds, loans, infrastructure banks,bonds, loans, infrastructure banks,publicpublic--private partnerships, leasesprivate partnerships, leases(50(50--100 year useful life assets) 100 year useful life assets) repay debt over time (like a mortgage)repay debt over time (like a mortgage)


Possible Cost to Honolulu TaxpayersPossible Cost to Honolulu Taxpayersfor an Elevatedfor an Elevated

HHigh igh OOccupancy ccupancy TToll Highwayoll Highway

$0$0100% Funding based on a100% Funding based on a

$400 Million Contribution from FTA$400 Million Contribution from FTAand Revenue from Tollsand Revenue from Tolls


References/Documenation1.1. HNTB (GEC & Construction Manager)HNTB (GEC & Construction Manager)

2.2. URS Corporation (Design & CM)URS Corporation (Design & CM)

3.3. FiggFigg BridgfeBridgfe Engineers (Structural Design)Engineers (Structural Design)

4.4. Parsons Brinkerhoff (Roadway Design)Parsons Brinkerhoff (Roadway Design)

5.5. Wilbur Smith & Assoc. (Traffic & Revenue)Wilbur Smith & Assoc. (Traffic & Revenue)

6.6. PCL (General Contractor)PCL (General Contractor)

Solutions for UrbanTraffic Congestion



Tampa, Florida

Solutions for UrbanSolutions for UrbanTraffic CongestionTraffic Congestion



Tampa, Florida

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