Solar Thermal R&D and Education - Indian Institute of ... MBM Engineering college NISRAF: National...
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Transcript of Solar Thermal R&D and Education - Indian Institute of ... MBM Engineering college NISRAF: National...
Solar Thermal R&D and Education @
Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur
Funded by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy
Govt. of India
Collaboration • Asian Development Bank
– ICASET
• STEAG India – Static & dynamic modelling & HRD
• IOCL-BHEL-IITJ – Experimental CSP test beds (National facility)
• NISRAF (IITK + IITB + CMMAC) – Solar resource forecasting
• ABSTL – Solar convective furnace
• MBM Engineering college
Presenter
Presentation Notes
NISRAF: National Initiative for Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting CMMAC: Centre for mathematical modelling and computer simulation, Bengaluru (CSIR)
Energy HRD@IITJ • PhD
– Current: 13 – Collaborative: 1
• M. Tech. – Graduated: 8 – Current: 11
• B. Tech. Projects • UGRI
UG/PG Training
Research
Product development
System Integration and Design
HRD
Research Outcome • PhD 1. Design and characterization of volumetric air receiver. 2. Design of convective solar furnace. 3. Development of solar selective coatings.
4. Design and implementation of DC smart grid.
• M. Tech. 1. Design and development of glass-metal joints and their
characterization for solar receiver tubes. 2. Design and analysis of recirculating air system in an open
volumetric air receiver. 3. High heat flux characterisation and power balance of non-
transfer plasma jet (with NFTDC, Hyderabad).
4. Design and Evaluation of experimental thermal energy storage.
5. High heat flux mapping of electrothermal plasma jet using semi infinite solid conduction (with NFTDC, Hyderabad).
6. Modelling of Lithium ion Cells/Battery and developing a charge controller to verify the Model.
7. Developing a programmable Emulator for the Photovoltaic Source.
B.Tech. Projects (IITJ + MBM) – Intelligent dual axes tracking – Dust deposition – Receiver testing – VARS – Air-water compact heat exchanger
STEAG: Solar Thermal Plant Simulator
Training : 6 IITJ Faculty, 10 External faculties or researchers, 18 IITJ Students are trained, 6 industry representatives are trained in
association with GIZ
ICASET • Training workshops
1. Smart grid. 2. Solar resource assessment and modelling (with NREL). 3. Solar thermal technology: current status, technology
gaps, and R&D opportunities (with PDPU in December 2013).
SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH
Solar Resource Prediction • Time, Day and Year as input . • Predict global and direct radiationI. • Use Adaptive Recurrent Neural Network
(ARNN) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). • Research carried out at IIT Kanpur.
Daily and Mean Monthly Global Solar Radiation at 11-12am [Wh/m2]
Mean daily global solar radiation using ARNN
Mean Monthly global solar radiation using ARNN
Daily and Mean Monthly Direct Normal Irradiation at 11-12am [Wh/m2]
Daily Direct Normal Irradiation using ARNN
Mean Monthly Direct Normal Irradiation using ARNN
Hourly irradiations of all days of January 2012
Hourly irradiations of all days of January 2012 obtained using ARNN (a)DNI, (b)GHI, (c)DIF and (d) Irradiations of a random day of the month, all desired values are shown in solid lines and actual values via dashed line.
Thermal Research @ IITJ Solar air tower simulator
o Indigenization o Open volumetric air receiver o Thermal Energy Storage o Air-water heat exchanger
Dust deposition on heliostat o Mitigation of dust deposition
High heat flux measurement (with NFTDC)
Solar convective furnace design (application)
Solar air tower simulator (4kWth)
Thermal Energy Storage (pebble bed)
Open air volumetri receiver
76 T/C are employed for detailed thermal characterization of set-up and sub-systems
Electrically heated
Circular (porosity 50%) Square (porosity ~ 75%) Hexagonal (porosity ~ 55%)
Designed open air volumetric receiver at IIT Jodhpur
Radiation Radiation Radiation
Cold atm air inlet
Hot air outlet
Re-circulating air injection
Receiver components
Target: Air temperature at the outlet = 400C;
Heat flux= 600 suns
Open volumetric air receiver
Receiver: Electrically heated Simulation: Surface temperature
(6 re-circulation inlet)
Experiment @ IITJ- Target: 400C
Mixer Design for receiver
LDV Measurement
Simulation (contour of velocity magnitude)
Thermal Energy Storage
Thermal energy storage
Pebble ( from Rajasthan) Simulation: Temperature contour
Hot air inlet: Charging
Measurement Cold air outlet: Discharge)
Dust deposition on flat mirror (heliostat)
Non-uniform deposition
a
Wind
Wind tunnel @ IIT J
a
1st 2nd
h h
B
C
R R
U U
Uniform deposition Uniform deposition
Estimated threshold velocity for initiating
removal of dust
High heat flux measurement
Experiment @ NFTDC Measurement of temperature
Heat flux at the inlet of cylinder is estimated for the measured
temperature
Measured temperature
DC Micro-Grids Motivation: Sync PV output with DC loads. Reduced overall losses due to elimination of multiple (AC/DC/AC)
conversions. DC micro-grids under constant power loads show severe oscillations in
voltage and current. Tightly re
Schematic of proposed solar PV based DC micro-grid at IIT jodhpur
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Boost converter: It is a power electronic device which produces DC output voltage higher than input DC voltage. Buck Converter : output DC voltage is lower than input voltage Function of buck-boost converter interfacing battery bank is to facilitate charging and discharging of battery bank as and when required for maintaining power balance (supply=load). Resistive load directly connected to the DC bus indicates lighting and heating load etc. Resistive load connected through point of load converter (green box) represents constant power loads which in practical life are most of the sensitive power electronics loads such as desktop computer, mobile, TV monitor, notebooks, tablet PCs, constant speed AC/DC drives in process industry etc. All such loads are considered to be sensitive loads and require tightly regulated voltage for their proper operation and accompanied by separate or inbuit adopters and exhibit constant power behavior. Voltage source converter (VSC): It is a power electronic device that converters DC voltage into AC voltage and vice-versa for two-way power flow between DC microgrid and AC utility grid.
Constant input voltage to boost converter = 200 V
Capa
cito
r Vol
tage
(V)
Oscillations in voltage and current in supply converter of DC micro-grid under constant power loads
• Control algorithm for boost converter developed. • Damps V-I oscillations • Validated with experiments: Input 20 V, Output 30, 40, 50 V. • Controller can also handle variable voltage input.
Simulation results
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Voltage regulation: voltage regulation is a process to maintain constant voltage at DC bus (DC line to which all supply boost converter, loads and VSC and battery bank are connected) under variation in solar power input from sun or amount of load connected to the system. Stability: stability of DC micrrogrid here means that in case of change in solar radiation, failure of some boost converter unit, change in load, loss of utility connection; micro-grid system should be able to maintain power balance and ensure availability of specified voltage. Power sharing: suppose two boost converters supplied from PV modules are connected in parallel having capacity of 2kW and 5kW, proper sharing means in any case share of each converter in total supplies power should be proportional to their capacity. Situation of one converter is loaded near to its maximum limit (say 95%) while second is only supplying 10% of its maximum capacity should not occur.
Milestones achieved Milestones achieved Modeling, design and fabrication of Boost converters. Development and testing of robust sliding mode for Boost
converters that ensure desired voltage regulation and stability under constant power loads.
Modeling, design and fabrication of Voltage source converter (VSC) to facilitate bidirectional power exchange with utility grid at 3 phase 440V.
Work in Progress Development and testing of controller for grid-connecting VSC. Development of average current sharing droop controllers for
boost converters that ensures proportional power sharing among parallel connected converters.
Modeling, design and fabrication of Buck-Boost converter for interfacing battery bank and its controller.
Glass-to-metal seal development
Why?
To maintain vacuum around the receiver tube in PTC To mitigate the degradation of solar selective coating Breaking of this seal is a pertinent issue
Existing concept
Multiple joint is employed to ensure thermal expansion from steel to borosilicate tube. Patented technology!
New approach: Compress seal
Kovar-Kodial: 10-10 to 10-11 mbar l/s SS-Borosilicate: 8 x 10-10 mbar l/s
Applying for a patent
Development phase
Solar selective receiver coatings
• Objective – Coatings for temperatures up to 500 C and higher. – High absorptivity, low emissivity.
• Tools – Electrodeposition. – Sputtering.
• Black chrome with graphite encapsulated Fe-Co nano particles – Properties of black chrome degrade > 350 C. – Electrodeposit composite. – Cr deposits on SS. – Reduction in corrosion (3.5 wt.% NaCl). – Stable in nitrogen till 500 C. – Applied for patent
• Zirconium carbonitride/Alumina – Work in progress. – Deposit sputtered. – Alumina is nitrogen diffusion barrier. – Expected to be stable till 700 C or more in vacuum.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Black chrome: Cr-Cr2O3 Optical properties degrade due to oxidation Solution: Cro3, NaF, Na2CO3. Cathode: SS substrate, Anode: Pb
Pilot & Demonstration Plants
BARC: SOLTOP-2
IITJ-IOCL-BHEL Experimental CSP Plant
Publications & workshop
Publications: 1 Journal (published) 6 Journal articles (submitted) 2 Invited Lectures 4 Int. Conf. Proceedings (IEEEXplore, ICORE) 1 Patent (applied); 1 to be applied Workshop : Smart Grid Resource Assessment Solar Thermal Technologies (planned with PDPU)
Team from IITJ, IITK, NFTDC Faculty members: Dr. Laltu Chandra, IITJ Dr. K. Balasubraminium, NFTDC Dr. Deepak Fulwani, IITJ Dr. S. Harinipriya, IITJ Dr. V. Narayanan Dr. B. Pratihar Dr. A. Dixit, IITJ Dr. Ravindra Arora, IITJ Prof. Laxmidhar Behera, IIT K Dr. Rahul Chibbar, IITJ Dr. Prodyut Chakraborty, IITJ Prof. P. S. Ghoshdastidar, IIT K Dr. P. K. Jayakumar, NFTDC Dr. Neeraj Gupta, IITJ Prof. Rajiv Shekhar, IITJ
Students: • - Ph.D.: Mr. Suresh Kumar, Mr. Piyush K. Sharma (with
IITK), Mr. Deepesh Patidar (IITJ), Mr. Belal Usmani; • - M. Tech: Rakesh, Nupur, Priyanka, Subhi, Digpal,
Ayyaz, Ramniwas; • - B. Tech: Navneet, Darshan (SVNIT), Dheeraj, Sandip (NITD),
Harshit, Tanmay, 4 students of MBM, Ankit,
Project/Staff: • Mr. Vinod Kumar, Mr. Ashish Tiwari, Mr. Ritesh Patel, Mr.
Anurag Gupta
Contact
• Dr. Laltu Chandra E-mail: [email protected]
• Prof. Rajiv Shekhar E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Thank You!!!
