Social Groups in Society[1]

8/2/2019 Social Groups in Society[1]

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Groups in society


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What different typesof groups can you think

of?


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HIPPIES

The hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that arose in the United

States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world.

The etymology of the term 'hippie' is from hipster,and was initially used to

describe beatniks (people on a spiritual quest) who had moved into San

Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district. Both the words "hip" and "hep" came from

African American culture and denote "awareness".T

he early hippies inheritedthe countercultural values of the Beat Generation, created their own

communities, listened to psychedelic rock, embraced the sexual revolution,and

some used drugs suchas cannabis,LSD and magic mushrooms to explore altered

states of consciousness.

Famous HippiesJohn LennonYoko Ono

Modern day Bohemian


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PunksThe punk subculture emerged in the United Kingdom, the United States,and Australia in the mid-1970s.

Early punk had an abundance ofantecedents and influences,and Jon Savagehas described the subculture as a"bricolage" ofalmost every previous youth culture that existed in the West since the Second World War "stuck

together with safety pins". Various philosophical,political,and artistic movements influenced the subculture. In

particular, punk drew inspiration from several strains ofmodern art. Various writers, books,and literary

movements were important to the formation of the punk aesthetic. Punk rock has a variety of musical origins,

both within the rock and roll genre and beyond.

The earliest form of punk rock, named protopunk in retrospect, started as agarage rock revival in the

northeastern United States in the late 1960s. The first ongoing music scene that was assigned the punk label

appeared in New York City between 1974 and 1976. At about the same time or shortly afterward,a punk scenedeveloped in London. Soon after, Los Angeles became home to the third major punk scene. These three cities

formed the backbone of the burgeoning movement, but there were also other scenes in a number of cities such

as Brisbane and Boston.

John Savage

Famous writer,

History of the Sex

Pistols


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Football FansIn many countries, football has ingrained itself into the national culture,and many

parts of life revolve around it. Many countries have daily football newspapers,as

well as football magazines. The mood of regions and countries has been seen to be

connected to football. Victory in a major tournament can bring happiness to the

local community or country. Conversely defeat can lower spirits,and has been seen

to be connected to mortality in the population.Withdrawal symptoms when the

football season finished have also been reported.The economy can also be seen to

be connected to major football tournaments,although the precise association is

disputed.


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How does the individual indentify witha group?

Social Catergarisation

Social Identification

Social Comparison

The first is categorisation. We categorise objects in order to understand them and identify

them. In a very similar way we categorise people (including ourselves) in order to

understand the social environment. We use social categories like black, white, Australian,

Christian, Muslim, student,and bus driver because they are useful.

In the second stage,social identification, we adopt the identity of the group we have categorisedourselves as belonging to. If for example you have categorised yourselfas a student, the chances are

you will adopt the identity ofa student and begin to act in the ways you believe students act (and

conform to the norms of the group). There will be an emotional significance to your identification

witha group,and your self-esteem will become bound up with group membership.

The final stage is social comparison. Once we have categorised ourselves as part ofa group and have identified

with that group we then tend to compare that group with other groups. If our self-esteem is to be maintained ourgroup needs to compare favourably with other groups. This is critical to understanding prejudice, because once two

groups identify themselves as rivals they are forced to compete in order for the members to maintain their self-

esteem. Competition and hostility between groups is thus not only a matter of competing for resources (like in

Sherifs Robbers Cave) like jobs but also the result of competing identities.


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The club's most distinct rivalry is with Celtic

F.C, the other major football club based in

Glasgow; the two clubs are collectively

known as the Old Firm. Rangers' traditional

support has largely come from theProtestant Unionist community, meanwhile

Celtic's traditional support has largely come

from the Catholic republican community.

During the late 19th century, many

immigrants came to Glasgow from Ireland

this was a time of considerable anti-

Catholic and anti-Irish sentiment in

Scotland. Even before the formation of

Celtic, in 1888, Rangers had close links to

the Orange Order and freemasonry. By the

early 20th century, Catholic players were

asked to leave the club.

The clubs have attracted the support of

opposing factions in the political difficulties

of Northern Ireland, which intensified the

rivalry inScotland. Anti-sectarian charity Nilby Mouth notes that some supporters use

songs, chants and banners on match days to

express abuse or support towards the

Protestant or Catholic faiths and proclaim

support for Northern Irish based

paramilitary groups suchas the IRA and

UVF. A study in 2008 by the University of

Strathclyde found that the Old Firm rivalry

was "strongly linked to the conflict in

Northern Ireland".

THE OLD FIRM RIVALRY


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STREET GANGS

There were at least 30,000 gangs and 800,000 gang members active across the USA in 2007,up from

731,500 in 2002 and 750,000 in 2004. By 1999, Hispanics accounted for 47% ofall gang

members, Blacks 34%, Whites 13%,and Asians 6%.

Gang-related organised crime in the United Kingdom according to the Serious Organised Crime

Agency is concentrated around the cities ofLondon, Manchester and Liverpool and regionally across

the West Midlands region, south coast and northern England.With regards to street gangs the citiesidentified as having the most serious gang problems, whichalso accounted for 65% of firearm

homicides in England and Wales, were London, Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool.

Glasgow in Scotland also has ahistorical gang culture with the city having 6 times as many teenage

gangs as London, whichhas ten times the population, per capita.

What kind ofactivities do you think street gangs engage in

and why?


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Groups that try and influence society in a positive way

There are groups in society who try and improve our quality of life and try and make a

positive influence on the world.

What do you know

about these groups?


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Gender

Political

Nationality Regionality

Religious

Can you think of examples in whichaffliations

with these groups has made you behave?

Are you living up to the sterotype or being

pressured?

LESS OBVIOUS GROUPTYPES


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What kind of groups can you put yourself in?

Nationality, gender, political, class?

How can these groups make you behave? Do they influence your behaviour?


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Write 170 200 words on:

How individuals identify as part ofa group andhow this impacts their self image and

behaviour

WRITE

Social Groups in Society[1]

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