Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

download Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

of 40

Transcript of Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    1/40

    ociftkef;jrif h uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf

    uRefawmfh0goemudkodaom ociftkef;jrifhrdom;pkuEdkifiHa&;ESifhywfoufaom "gwfyHk

    onfrSm ppfBudKacwfAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkYESifhtwlvGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rIwGifyg0ifcJ holwpfOD;jzpfonf/ Ad kvfcsKyfwdk YESif htwl d kuful;xm;aomyH krSm1939ckESpf?tdEd,EdkifiHRamgarh ConferenceodkYwufa&muf&efc&D;rxGufrDdkuful;xm;aomyHkjzpfonf/ 0JrS,m (1)rod? (2) ocifatmifqef;?(3)ocifA[def;? (4) ocifcifatmif? (5) ociftkef;jrifh? (6) ocifoef;xGef;/

    tajrmuftjrm; uRefawmfhudkay;onf/ ociftkef;jrifhqdk

    tcsyfydkpmrsufESm-(tcsyfydkpmrsufESm-(tcsyfydkpmrsufESm-(tcsyfydkpmrsufESm-(tcsyfydkpmrsufESm-(C)odk Y)odk Y)odk Y)odk Y)odk Y

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    2/40B

    r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;udk wnfaqmuf&efyDeefq&mawmfBuD;\rav;&Sm;?pifumyl?tar&duef?uae'gESifhMopaMw;vsEkdifiHwdkYwGif&Sdaomwynfh'g,um?'g,dumrwdkYu ay;ydkYaomaiGonf tar&duefa':vmig;odef;&Sdonf/ NrdKU&GmESifhtdk;tdrfzGHUNzdK;a&;OD;pD;Xme &efukefNrdKUawmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDwdkYrSvnf;yxrtBudrfvSL'gef;NyD;onfhaemuf

    vnf; TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfOD;tHhausmf?'kwd,NrdKUawmf0efAdkvfrSL;BuD;armifygwdkYu quf vSL'gef;Muonf/xdkvSL'gef;aiGjzifhOD;xGef;jrifhEdkif(Asia World)u oEdokcausmif;awmf

    BuD;udk1996 ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmv (27)&ufaeYwGifyEufwifr*Fvmydkifwdkifdkufxlpwifwnfaqmufonf/ pwifwnfaqmufonfrSoHk;ESpfcefYtMum1999ckESpfwGifaqmufvkyfNyD;pD;aomaMumifh,if;ESpf'DZifbmv(17)&ufaeYr[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;zGifhyGJudkausmif;awmfBuD;0if;twGif;yifusif;yonf/ xkdtcrf;tem;udk jrif;NcHudk;aqmifwdkufq&mawmfBuD;b'Eaombdw rauG;q&mawmfb'Eukrm&? oHCr[mem,utzGJU0ifq&mawmfBuD;rsm;?yDeefESifhpifumylq&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Hotjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g'Ak'omoemjyKwuodkvfESifhEkdifiHawmfy&d,wdwuodkvf(&efukef)wdkYrSq&mawmfrsm;?jynfwGif;jynfyrSzdwfMum;xm;aom q&mawmfrsm;?wdkif;rSL;AdkvfcsKyfcifarmifoef;? tpdk;&tzGJU0if0efBuD;rsm;?w&m;olBuD;csKyf?pm&if;ppfcsKyf?0efxrf;a&G;cs,favhusifha&;tzGJUOu|?NrdKUawmf0ef? 'kwd,0efBuD;rs;m? 'kwd,NrdKUawmf?jrefrmEkdifiHqdkif&moHwreftzGJUem,uvmtdkEkdifiHoHtrwfBuD; rpwmvDbGefcefESifhtjcm;oHwrefrsm;?ausmif;zGifhyGJOD;pD;

    aumfrwD0ifrsm;?ausmif;awmfBuD;Oy|mutzGJU0ifrsm;?tvSL&Sifrsm;? EkdifiHawmfrStjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wufa&mufMuonf/tcrf;tem;wGif tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpfjrefrmhtoHrSOD;vS0if;ESifha':oDwmaqGwdkYuaqmif&Gufonf/

    xkdaeYu eHeuf(11)em&D(25)rdepfwGif twGif;a&;rSL;(1)'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;cifGefY?tzGJU0ifrsm;u urnf;ausmufpmwdkufa&SUwGif ae&m,lonf/ xdkYaemuf q&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Ho ae&m,lonf/ yifhzdwfxm;aomq&mawmfrsm;ae&m,lNyD; pdefrsufjyL;r*Fvmqdkif;tzGJUu r*FvmajAmudkwD;onf/

    xdk Yaemuf tcgawmfay;jyu'deftBuHay;tzGJU0ifOD;ausmfuJuausmufpmwdkifwGifa&;xdk;xm;aom pmwrf;udk zwfMum;csdefwGifq&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Hou pufcvkyfudkESdyf pmwrf;udkzGifhvSpfay;csdefwGifatmifapydkifapwD;vHk;udk wD;cwfapcJhaomfvnf; yDeefq&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Hocrsm atmifvnf;ratmif? ydkifvnf;rydkifjzpf&onf/

    r[moEdokc Ak'omoemjyKausmif;awmfBuD;\r[mr*FvmarmfuGef;pmudkazmfjytyfygonf/ r[moEdokcr*FvmarmfuGef;pmwGifausmif;BuD;udk bmaMumifhaqmuf&onfudkyGifhvif;pGm a&;om;xm;ygonf/

    r[moEdokc Ak'omoemjyK ausmif;awmfBuD;r[moEdokc Ak'omoemjyK ausmif;awmfBuD;r[moEdokc Ak'omoemjyK ausmif;awmfBuD;r[moEdokc Ak'omoemjyK ausmif;awmfBuD;r[moEdokc Ak'omoemjyK ausmif;awmfBuD;r[mr*Fvm armfuGef;pmr[mr*Fvm armfuGef;pmr[mr*Fvm armfuGef;pmr[mr*Fvm armfuGef;pmr[mr*Fvm armfuGef;pm

    Z,Hwk? ausmif;awmfBuD;onfwnfaqmuf&jcif;\&nfrSef;csufrSm]]&[ef;wdkYrsm;pGmaomvlyk*dKvfwdkY\tpD;tyGm;jzpfjcif;iSm ...? csrf;omjcif;iSm

    ...a'opm&DvSnfhvnfMuukefavmh/ c&D;wpfaMumif;vQifESpfyg;roGm;Muukefvifh}}[laom Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\ qHk;rvrf;TefjycJhonfESifhtnDjynfwGif;rSmomru jynfyEkdifiHtoD;oD;wdkYoGm;a&mufomoemjyKMurnfh

    &[ef;awmfrsm;ay:aygufvmap&ef jyKpkysKd;axmifay;&efESifh omoemjyKyifrtajcpdkufpcef;wnfaxmifzGifhvSpfay;a&;yifjzpfayonf/

    ,if; &nfrSef;csufESifhtnDr[moE dokcAk'omoemjyKausmif;awmfBuD;udkurmhomoemjyKt*r[my@dw?b'Eynm0Horax&fjrwfESifhwnfaqmufa&;OD;aqmifem,uBuD;twGif;a&;rSL;(1)'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;

    cifGefYu&efukefwdkif;? wmarGNrdKUe,f? ewfacsmif;&yfuGufEkdifiHawmftpdk;&uqufuyfvSL'gef;onfhomoemjyK0wKuajrr*FvmtvDvD?qifhqifhpDaeaom jrefrmESpf1358 ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf(2)&uf? c&pfESpf1996ckESpf?Ekd0ifbmv(27)&uf?Ak'[l;aeYeHeufaewufjrefrmpHawmfcsdefpuf(6)em&D(45)rdepf(12)puefY?oD;oefYwdwd?tnDa&mufvm?r[mr*FvmtcsdefawmfwGif Olwdkiftajc yEufawmfwif&wemydkifwdkifawmfudkpdkufxlcJhMuavonf/

    xdkYaemuf EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u zGJUpnf;ay;cJhaom(1) twGif;a&;rSL;(1) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;cifGefYudk,fwkdifyg0ifaom

    wnfaqmufa&;OD;aqmifem,utzGJU(2) aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;AdkvfcsKyfapmxGef; aumfrwD

    Ou|ESifhNrdKU&GmESifhtdk;tdrfzGHUNzdK;a&;OD;pD;TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfOD;tHHausmftwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfyg0ifaomwnfaqmufa&;aumfrwD

    (3) 'kwd,NrdKUawmf0efAdkvfrSL;BuD;armifygu Ou|tjzpfaqmif&Gufonfhb@maiG&SmazGa&;aumfrwDESifh

    (4) r[mo'raZmwdu"Zoa&pnfolOD;apmjrif hOu|tjzpf

    aqmif&Gufaom Oy|mutvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwdkYudkvnf; zGJUpnf;ay;vdkufavonf/

    ,if;odkYjzifhOD;aqmifem,uBuD;\tcgrvyfMuyfrwfppfaq; vrf;TefuGyfuJay;rI? azmfjyygtzGJUrsm;\ rqkwfrepfBudK;yrf;rI? jynfwGif;? jynfyrSapwemo'gw&m;xufoefvSaomtvSL&Sifrsm;\vSL'gef;rI?EkdifiHawmftpdk;&XmetoD;oD;wdkY\yHhydk;ulnDrIESifhwm0ef,laqmufvkyfay;aomOD;xGef;jrifhEkdifOD;pD;onfAsia World Co., Ltd Adokumpdkif;&Dvdwf? jrefrmrIynm&SifOD;tkef;wifwdkY\tbufbufrSwm0ef,lausyGefpGm BudK;pm;rIwdkYaMumifhowfrSwfcsdeftwGif; aqmufvkyfNyD;pD;oGm;&ayonf/

    odkYjzpf&m r*Fvm&ufjrwfjzpfaomjrefrmESpf1361ckESpf?ewfawmfvqef;(10)&uf?c&pfESpf 1999 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (17)&ufaomMumaeYeHeufaewufjrefrmpHawmfcsdef(10)em&D?(17)rdepf? (45)puefYr*FvmtcsdefawmfwGifOy|mutzGJU\Mo0g'gp&d,t*r[my@dw? t*r[mo'aZmwdu"Zb'Eynm0Horax&fjrwfESifhEkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDtwGif;a&;rSL;(1)Oy|muOD;aqmifem,uBuD; 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;cifGefYwdkYuAk'jrwfpGmomoema&mif0gxGef;vifhpdrfhaomiSm atmifjrifpGmjzifhzGifhvSpfay;vdkufavonf/

    ,if;uJhodk Y o'gtm;?"etm;?um,tm;?mPtm;wdkYjzifh yg0ifukodkvfjyKMuaomausmif;'g,um?ausmif;'g,dumrrsm;\ausmif; aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;&aomukodkvf?omoemjyK&m yg0ifvSL'gef;&aomxl;jcm;onfhukodkvftpkpkudkow0gtm;vHk;tm; trQay;a0ygukef\/ tzdkYbm*udk&&SdcH,lum om"ktEkarm'emac:qdkEdkifMuygapaom0f/

    Ak'jrwfpGmomoemawmfBuD;onf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf

    twGif;omru urmhEkdifiHrsm;txd ESpfaygif;Mum&SnfuyfurmqHk;onfhwdkifatmifpnfyifwnfwHhjyefYyGm;ygapownf;/

    ,if;tcrf;tem;wGiftwGif;a&;rSL; (1) 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;cifGefYuajymMum;&mwGif-

    ,cktcg urmt&yf&yf&Sd zGifhvSpfNyD; zGifhvSpfqJ ax&0g'jre frm,cktcg urmt&yf&yf&Sd zGifhvSpfNyD; zGifhvSpfqJ ax&0g'jrefrm,cktcg urmt&yf&yf&Sd zGifhvSpfNyD; zGifhvSpfqJ ax&0g'jre frm,cktcg urmt&yf&yf&Sd zGifhvSpfNyD; zGifhvSpfqJ ax&0g'jrefrm,cktcg urmt&yf&yf&Sd zGifhvSpfNyD; zGifhvSpfqJ ax&0g'jre frmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm;yifhwifudk;uG,fEkdif&ef awmif;qdkvQuf&SdMuygaMumif;? xdkuJhodkY topfyifhwifudk;uG,fEkdif&ef awmif;qdkvQuf&SdMuygaMumif;? xdkuJhodkY topfyifhwifudk;uG,fEkdif&ef awmif;qdkvQuf&SdMuygaMumif;? xdkuJhodkY topfyifhwifudk;uG,fEkdif&ef awmif;qdkvQuf&SdMuygaMumif;? xdkuJhodkY topfyifhwifudk;uG,fEkdif&ef awmif;qdkvQuf&SdMuygaMumif;? xdkuJhodkY topf

    topfjzpfay:vmaom jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'topfjzpfay:vmaom jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'topfjzpfay:vmaom jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'topfjzpfay:vmaom jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'topfjzpfay:vmaom jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rsm; ax&0g'bmom?t*Fvdyfbmompum;?jyifopfbmompum;?*smref bmombmom?t*Fvdyfbmompum;?jyifopfbmompum;?*smref bmombmom?t*Fvdyfbmompum;?jyifopfbmompum;?*smref bmombmom?t*Fvdyfbmompum;?jyifopfbmompum;?*smref bmombmom?t*Fvdyfbmompum;?jyifopfbmompum;?*smref bmompum;?wkwfbmompum;rsm;?*syefbmompum;ponfjzifh urmoHk;pum;?wkwfbmompum;rsm;?*syefbmompum;ponfjzifh urmoHk;pum;?wkwfbmompum;rsm;?*syefbmompum;ponfjzifh urmoHk;pum;?wkwfbmompum;rsm;?*syefbmompum;ponfjzifh urmoHk;pum;?wkwfbmompum;rsm;?*syefbmompum;ponfjzifh urmoHk;bmompum;rsm;jzifh a[mMum;EkdifaomomoemjyK&[ef;awmftrsm;bmompum;rsm;jzifh a[mMum;EkdifaomomoemjyK&[ef;awmftrsm;bmompum;rsm;jzifh a[mMum;EkdifaomomoemjyK&[ef;awmftrsm;bmompum;rsm;jzifh a[mMum;EkdifaomomoemjyK&[ef;awmftrsm;bmompum;rsm;jzifh a[mMum;EkdifaomomoemjyK&[ef;awmftrsm;tjym;vdktyfvQuf&SdygaMumif;?tjym;vdktyfvQuf&SdygaMumif;?tjym;vdktyfvQuf&SdygaMumif;?tjym;vdktyfvQuf&SdygaMumif;?tjym;vdktyfvQuf&SdygaMumif;?

    ,if;vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;&eftwGuf r[moEdokcausmif;,if;vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;&eftwGuf r[moEdokcausmif;,if;vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;&eftwGuf r[moEdokcausmif;,if;vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;&eftwGuf r[moEdokcausmif;,if;vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;&eftwGuf r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD; "rmp&d, atmifjrifNyD;aom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; t*FvdyfawmfBuD; "rmp&d, atmifjrifNyD;aom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; t*FvdyfawmfBuD; "rmp&d, atmifjrifNyD;aom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; t*FvdyfawmfBuD; "rmp&d, atmifjrifNyD;aom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; t*FvdyfawmfBuD; "rmp&d, atmifjrifNyD;aom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; t*Fvdyfbmom? wkwfbmom? *syefbmom tp&Sdaom bmompum;trsKd;bmom? wkwfbmom? *syefbmom tp&Sdaom bmompum;trsKd;bmom? wkwfbmom? *syefbmom tp&Sdaom bmompum;trsKd;bmom? wkwfbmom? *syefbmom tp&Sdaom bmompum;trsKd;bmom? wkwfbmom? *syefbmom tp&Sdaom bmompum;trsKd;rsKd;udk oifMum;ydk Ycsay; a'otvdkuf? ,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm;rsKd;udk oifMum;ydk Ycsay; a'otvdkuf? ,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm;rsKd;udk oifMum;ydk Ycsay; a'otvdkuf? ,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm;rsKd;udk oifMum;ydk Ycsay; a'otvdkuf? ,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm;rsKd;udk oifMum;ydk Ycsay; a'otvdkuf? ,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm;tvdkuf oifMum;ydk Ycsay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ponfjzifh ajymMum;tvdkuf oifMum;ydk Ycsay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ponfjzifh ajymMum;tvdkuf oifMum;ydk Ycsay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ponfjzifh ajymMum;tvdkuf oifMum;ydk Ycsay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ponfjzifh ajymMum;tvdkuf oifMum;ydk Ycsay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ponfjzifh ajymMum;oGm;onf/oGm;onf/oGm;onf/oGm;onf/oGm;onf/

    odkYaomfvufawGUwGifomoema&;0efBuD;XmerSzGJUpnf;ay;aomr[moEdokcapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJUu r*FvmaqmifyGJiSm;pm;jcif;? kyf&Sifdkuful;&efae&mxkdifcif;iSm;jcif;? ausmif;xJwGifw&m;Hk;twk? tokbcs&efacgif;ponfwdkYxm;&Sdjcif;? taemufwdkif;tuoifwef;zGifhjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfcJhMuonfudkrD'D,mtoD;oD;uvnf; a&;om;cJhMuNyD; jzpfygonf/

    r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;a&pufcstvSLawmfr*Fvmtcrf;tem;a&pufcstvSLawmfr*Fvmtcrf;tem;a&pufcstvSLawmfr*Fvmtcrf;tem;a&pufcstvSLawmfr*Fvmtcrf;tem;a&pufcstvSLawmfr*Fvmtcrf;tem;

    r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;udkzGifhvSpfcJhNyD;onfhaemufwpfaeY1999ckESpf 'DZifbmv(18)&ufaeY eHeufydkif;wGif usif;y&mtcrf;tem;odkYudk;aqmifwdkufq&mawmf? jrefrmoD&dvuFm&mrausmif;q&mawmf? rauG;q&mawmfESifhoHCr[mem,utzGJU0ifq&mawmfrsm;ESifh q&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0HoESifhzdwfMum;xm;aomurmt&yf&yfrS q&mawmfrsm; wufa&mufonf/

    tcrf;tem;odkY EkdifiHawmfydkif;rSEkdifiHawmftBuD;tuJAdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;oef;a&T?AdkvfcsKyfBuD;armifat;?'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;cifGefY?'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;wifOD;?'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;0if;jrifh?Munf;a&avumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfrsm;?wdkif;rSL;AdkvfcsKyfcifarmifoef; tp&Sdaom EkdifiHawmfydkif;rStBuD;tuJrsm; pHkpHknDnDwufa&mufonf/

    tcrf;tem;wGif yDeefq&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Hou tEkarm'emw&m;csD;jrifhNyD; rauG;q&mawmfb'Eukr&xHrSa&pufcsw&m;em,lNyD;

    vSL'gef;rItpkpktwGuf a&pufoGef;cstrQay;a0onf/r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;zGifhyGJtcrf;tem;ESifha&pufoGef;cs tvSLawmfr*Fvmtcrf;tem;rsm;taMumif ;udkaemufwpfaeYowif;pmrsm;wGiftwdtvif;azmfjyxm;onf/ xdkaeYu a&pufoGef;csvSL'gef;jcif;onfq&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Ho jynfyomoemjyK&[ef;awmfrsm; jyKpk&efwnfaqmufvSL'gef;cJhjcif;rSxdkpOfu,if;tcrf;tem;odkYwufa&mufcJhaom&[ef;y&dowf?&Sifvly&dowftm;vHk;todoufaoyifjzpfygonf/

    oifwef;trSwfpOf (1)oifwef;trSwfpOf (1)oifwef;trSwfpOf (1)oifwef;trSwfpOf (1)oifwef;trSwfpOf (1)r[moEdokcausmif;awmfBuD;zGifhyGJESifha&pufcsyGJNyD;pD;aomtcg

    q&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Ho\rlv&nf&G,fcsuftwdkif; jynfyomoemjyKjrefrm&[ef;awmfrsm; jyKpkysKd;axmifa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(1)udk1999 ckESpf'DZifbmvwGifpwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ q&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Ho udk,fwdkifoifcef;pmrsm;udkydkYcscJhygonf/

    oifwef;ydkYcsa&;tzGJU\ em,uq&mawmfBuD;rsm;rSm -1/ t*r[my@dw t*r[mo'raZmwdu

    b'Eynm0Ho (yDeef;ESifhpifumylq&mawmfBuD;)

    2/ t*r[my@dw t*r[m*E0gpu y@dwb'Ey@dwmbd0Ho(em,ucsKyfq&mawmf)(y&d,wdomoemhwuodkvf)

    3/ t*r[m*E0gpu y@dwb'EmyPdw('kwd,em,ucsKyfq&mawmfy&d,wdomoemwuodkvf)

    4/ t*r[m*E0gpuy@dwa'gufwmaerdEd'kwd,ygarmucsKyf?ax&m0g' Ak'omoemjyKwuodkvf

    5/ t*r[m*E0gpu y@dw b'Eukrm&armfuGef;xdef; y&d,wdomoemwuodkvfwdkYjzpfonf/oifwef;q&mq&mrwdkYrSm -1/ a'gufwmwifatmifat; B.Sc,B.L, Dipl.Jur.(LL.M)

    Dr.Jur(LL.D)

    2/ OD;armfoef; B.Com, B.L, CPA, ACM (Lond), MBA,M Phil, (Aston) Dip, GEP (Turin) PGDIM (New

    Delhi), Dip French.

    3/ OD;wifhvGifM.A(Pali) (Ygn), M.A (Indo-Aryan)

    (London)4/ "rmp&d,-OD;aX;vdIif ("rmp&d,)5/ O D;aomif;vGifB.A ("rmp&d,) (0#Houm)6/ O D;jrwfausmf (oD&dy0&"rmp&d,)7/ OD;tkef; B.Sc (Ygn;), B.Sc (For) Hons. (U.K)8/ a'gufwmrif;wifrGef B.Sc Hons. (Ygn); M.Sc.Ph (Illi

    Nois-U.S.A)

    9/ A dkvfrSL;BuD;tkef;cif (Nidrf;) B.Sc (Eng), Dip;B.Dh,

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    3/403

    twGJ? 4 ? trSwf? 100 ? 22 .9 .2014 (wevFm)www.snapshot-news .com

    1

    ar;cGef;

    jyKjyif&efcufa&tdrfysufukdqufvufonfwkdif;xm;rnfavm / /

    ref;wifharmfref;wifharmfref;wifharmfref;wifharmfref;wifharmf

    jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD;&JxG#fe,fowif;orm;rsm;ESifUawGYqHk

    &efukef pufwifbm 19&efukef pufwifbm 19&efukef pufwifbm 19&efukef pufwifbm 19&efukef pufwifbm 19&efukef? A[ef;? zdk;pdefvrf;&Sd csufx&D,rf[dkw,fwGif 2014 pufwifbm 19 &ufaeYnaeydkif;u

    jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0e fBuD; OD ;&JxG#fESifhe,fowif;orm;rsm;ESifhawGUqHkcJhonf/ xdkodkYawGUqHk&mwGif jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD ;&JxG#frS

    'DuGefz&ifhvkyfr,fqdkuwnf;u EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;awGeJY paqG; aEG;uwnf;u uGsefawmfwdkYutqdkjyKwmyg/ e,frSm owif;axmuf awGSdaew,f/ 'Dowif;axmufawGu &efukefrSmSdwJhpme,fZif;orm;awGvdkyJ owif;vkyfief;ukdvkyfaewJholjzpfw,f/ 'DvlawGtm;vHk;uvnf; wwfEdkiforQ EdkifiHwumeJYxdawGUrISd

    oifhw,fvdkYuGsefawmfu tqdkjyKygw,f/ 'gayr,fhuGsefawmfwdkYuawmhfundingaiGaMu;rSdwJhtwGufaMumifhtultnDawmif;wJhtcgrSm EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;awG uvnf; vdkvdkvm;vm;ay;wJhtwGufaMumifhrdkY e,fuowif;axmufawG 'Da&mufvmw,f/

    cifAsm;wdkYukdbmaMumifhuGsefawmfu 'Dvdkzdwf&ovJvdkYajym&iftaMumif;awGSdygw,f/ yxrwpfcsufuuGsefawmfwkdYtckvkyfaewJh rD'D,mjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rSm uGsefawmfwdkYtNrJwrf;ajymw,f/ A[krD'D,m 0g'(media praism)qdkwm bmukdajymwmvJqdkawmh ESpfckSdw,f/ wpfu ykdifqdkifrIyg/

    (pmrsu

    fESm14okdY)

    (pmrsu

    fESm14okdY)

    (pmrsu

    fESm14okdY)

    (pmrsu

    fESm14okdY)

    (pmrsu

    fESm14okdY)

    "mwfykH-"mwfykH-"mwfykH-"mwfykH-"mwfykH-YOH

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    4/40

    uRefawmfwkdYwpfawGav;rsufESmbk&m;u jyefvmMuawmhaeYv,f12 em&DausmfygNyD? 'geJYbkef;BuD;ausmif;ukdr0ifawmhyJpm;aomufqkdifukdwkdufkdufoGm;Muygw,f/ pm;aomufqkdifemrnfu ]]vlxk}}wJh? qkdifucyfoefYoefYyg/ xrif;aMumf? acgufqGJaMumfutp wkwfpmtpkH&ygw,f/tJ'DrSm pm;aomufNyD;wmeJYuRefawmfwkdY&JU blrdeufoef? anmifESpfyifausmif;ukd jyefcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'DrSmyJ cPwpfjzKwfem;a&rkd;csKd;NyD;wmeJYwa&;warm tdyfMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fhnae 3 em&Drxkd;cifrSmyJraeYura&;yJxm;cJhwJh pvif;kyfpkHausmif;ukd oGm;a&;MuzdkY pDpOfMuygw,f/oGm;awmhr,fqkdumrSuRefawmfeJYq&mOD;rsKd;GefYwkdY&JU uifr&m tdwfawG

    ukdowd&ygawmhw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYuifr&mtdwfawGb,fae&mrSmusefcJhovJ aemufaMumif;jyefpOf;pm;Muawmh jzpfEkdifajct&SdqkH;u]]vlxk}}pm;aomufqkdifrSmyJ usefcJhzkdYrsm;ygw,f/ tJ'DrSm aocsmaygufusefcJhNyDqkd&ifawmharQmfvifhcsifp&mr&Sdawmhpm;aomufqkdif? xrif;qkdifqkdwmrsKd;u vlt0iftxGuftrsm;qkH;ae&mrdkY wpfa,mufa,mufqDygoGm;NyDvdkYyJoabmxm;NyD; pdwfavQmhvkduf&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fhtu,frsm;qkdwJh aemufqkH;arQmfvifhcsufcyfyg;yg;av;eJY uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG]]vlxk}}pm;aomufqkdifukd t&ifqkH;oGm;Muygw,f/ xrif;pm;aewkef;um;ay:rSm vufvGwfpy,fxm;cJhvdkYvl,loGm;NyDvm;? 'grSr[kwfbkef;BuD;ausmif;a&SU um;&yfxm;wkef;rsm; aysmufoGm;wmvm;? b,fvkdrSpOf;pm;vkdYr&/

    'gayr,fhuHaumif;axmufrpGm uRefawmfwkdYuifr&mtdwfESpfvkH;pvkH;ukd]]vlxk}}pm;aomufqkdift0if0rSmyJjyefawGU&ygw,f/ wu,fqkdb,fvkdrS arQmfvifhcsifp&mraumif;? uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG pm;aomufqkdifu jyefvmwm ESpfem&DokH;em&D0ef;usif&SdaeNyDrdkYwjcm;vlwpfa,mufa,mufqDygoGm;NyDvdkYxifxm;ayr,fh]]vlxk}}pm;aomufqkdif&Sif&JU kd;om;pGmMunfhIapmifha&Smufxm;rIaMumifh uRefawmfwkdY&JU uifr&mtdwfESpfvkH;pvkH; tajctae rysufjyef&cJh&ygw,f/ uRefawmftzkdYypnf;ocFg&?vlocFg&r k d Y jyefr& awm hb l ; &, fv k d Y pdw favQm h

    ,ciftywfrStquf,ciftywfrStquf,ciftywfrStquf,ciftywfrStquf,ciftywfrStquf

    (a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)

    xm;ayr,fh pdwfxJrSm ESajrmpdwfu&SdaeqJrdkY rarQmfvifhyJjyefawGU&wJhuifr&mtdwfukd jrifvkduf&awmh &ifxJrSm 0rf;ajrmufMunfEl;jzpf&wmtrSefyg/ 'DvkdeJY qkdif&Sifukd aus;Zl;pum;ajymNyD; uRefawmfwkdYwpfawGpvif;kyfpkHausmif;zufukdyef;csDa&;zkdYxGufcJhMuygw,f/ pvif;kyfpkHausmif;ukda&mufawmhaysmufoGm;wJhuifr&mawGjyef&vdkYaysmfaewJhtaysmfpdwfeJYwpfaeukefra&;&ao;wJhyef;csDukdtwkd;csa&;jzpfygawmhw,f/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf 'Dnaeawmh pvif;kyfpkHausmif; a&aq;um;aumif;av;wpfum;&NyDaygh/

    ausmif;a&mufawmharSmifaeygNyD/ q&mawmfpDpOfxm;wJhxrif;pm;NyD; atmufa&mufwmeJYwpfvrf;vkH;taysmfvGefNyD; pdwfxJurygayr,fh

    ajymcsif&majymqkdcsif&mqkdcJhNyD; vlBuD;awGtay: t*g&0jzpfcJhwmawGukd0efcsawmif;yefzkd YpDpOfMuygw,f/ q&mawGuvnf; MunfMunfEl;El;cGihfvTwfaMumif;ajymNyD;? MunfEl;aysmf&TifpGm tdyf&m0ifjzpfcJhMuygw,f/reufvif;wmeJYa&mufwJhaeYu a&;cJhwJh0ufonf;tif;zufukdyJvuf&nfaomufxGuf&if; atmuf'kd;a&;zkdYpDpOfMuygw,f/ tJ'DrSm wpfreufa&;NyD;wmeJYq&mawmfausmif;rSm jyKvkyfr,fhyef;csDjyyGJ? a[majymyGJukdjyKvkyfMuzkdYpDpOfMuygw,f/ reufykdif;a&aq;wpfum;pDcyfoGufoGufa&;?vuf&nfaomufaecsdefrSmyJ tcrf;tem;pMuzkdY vmac:aeygNyD/ ausmif;a&mufawmhausmif;atmufrSm csdwfqGJxm;wJhyef;csDum;rsm;ukdvSnhfywfMunfhIaeMuwJhuav;vlBuD; 30 ausmfavmufukdawGU&ygw,f/ wpfae&mrSmukvm;xkdifrsm; cif;xm;NyD; a[majymyGJvkyfzkdYtwGuf pDpOfxm;ygw,f/q&mawmfausmif;rSm csdwfqGJjyoxm;wJhyef;csDum;awGu uRefawmfwkdYarQmfvifhrxm;wJhemrnfausmfawG&JU yef;csDum;awGyg/ yef;csD0if;azjrifh?vSbkef;atmif? rsKd;jrwfrif;wkdYtjyif uRefawmfwkYdq&mrauG;rsKd;GefY&JUyef;csDum;awGukdyg jrifawGUcHpm;&ygw,f/ 'Dvkdyef;csDum;rsKd;awGukdtckvkd

    NrdKUuav;rSm awGU&zkdYqkdwm tawmfukdcJ,Of;vSygw,f/ yef;csDum;tm;vkH;[mvnf; q&mawmftykdifyef;csDum;awGcsnf;yg/ yef;csDum;awGvSnhfywfMunfhtNyD;rSm uRefawmfwkdYwpfawGukdq&mawmfu NrdKUcHrsm;eJYrdwfqufay;ygw,f/ aemufa[majymyGJpwifwJhtcg/ q&mOD;vSwifxGef;?

    q&mrauG;rsKd;GefY? q&m yef;csDarmifausmfGefYwkdYu yef;csDeJYywfoufwJhtaMumif;t&mpkHukd a[majymMuygw,f/

    a[majymyGJrNyD;cifuwnf;u ukdaZmfu uRefawmfwkdY ypnf;awGukdaeom;wusum;ay:ukd wifaeygNyD/ a[majymyGJNyD;wmeJY uRefawmfwkdYjyefMuzdkYum;ay:wufMuwJhtcg b,ftcsdefu pDpOfxm;rSef;rodvkduf&wJhq&mawmf&JU acgufqGJaMumf? xrif;aMumfbl;awGukdawGUvkduf&ygw,f/vrf;rSmpm;zkdYwJh aus;Zl;BuD;ygayh? q&mawmfOD;pEDrm&,f/

    yef;csDausmfol&def&JU 'kwd,tBudrfwpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJukdtrSwf

    201(ajrnD)? 36-vrf;(tay:bavmuf)? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKUrSm zGihfvSpfxm;wJhThe Last Leaf yef;csDjycef;rSm 4-10-2014 &ufuae 14-10-2014 &uftxd cif;usif;jyorSmjzpfygw,f/

    jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmhaeYpOfeHeuf9 em&Duae nae 6em&Dtxdjzpfygw,f/ HTA

    yef;csDausmfol&def'kwd,tBudrfwpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJ

    yef;csDrsKd;jrwfrif;(qifjzLuRef;)&JU 'kwd,tBudrfajrmufwpfudk,fawmf

    a&aq;yef;csDjyyGJukdtrSwf3 yxrxyf? e0a'vrf;? '*kHNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKUrSm zGifhvSpfxm;wJhGreen Art Gallery rSm 21-9-2014 &ufuae30-9-2014 &uftxd cif;usif;jyoxm;rSm jzpfygw,f/

    jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmhaeYpOfeHeuf9 em&Duae nae 6em&Dtxdjzpfygw,f/ HTA

    yef;csDrsKd;jrwfrif;(qifjzLuRef;) &JY'kwd,tBudrfajrmufwpfukd,fawmfa&aq;yef;csDjyyGJ

    yef;csDarmifarmifvSjrifh&JU The Wet Canvas vkdYtrnfay;xm;wJhwpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJukdtvkHvrf;?&efukefNrdKUrSm zGifhvSpfxm;wJh&efukefyef;csDjycef;rSm 16-9-2014 &ufuae 22-9-2014 &uftxdcif;usif;jyoxm;rSm jzpfygw,f/

    jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmhaeYpOfeHeuf9 em&Duae nae 6em&Dtxdyg/ HTA

    yef;csDarmifarmifvSjrifh&JYThe Wet Canvaswpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJ

    a&aq;yef;csDq&m 80 yg0ifjyor,fh Ayeyarwaddy' StrengthvkdYtrnfay;xm;wJhyef;csDjyyGJukdtrSwf134(ajrnD)? 35-vrf;(tv,fbavmuf)? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU rSm zGifhvSpfxm;wJhRiverAyeyarwaddy yef;csDjycef;rSm 27-9-2014 &ufuae 3-10-2014&uftxd cif;usif;jyorSm jzpfygw,f/

    jyyGJzGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmh aeYpOfeHeuf 9 em&Duae nae 6em&Dtxdjzpfygw,f/ HTA

    Ayeyarwaddy' Strength

    a&aq;yef;csDjyyGJ

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    5/403

    trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'Murf ;udk0dkif;uefYuGuf&efausmif;rsm;wGifvdkufvHwdkufwGef;

    &efukef pufwifbm 10&efukef pufwifbm 10&efukef pufwifbm 10&efukef pufwifbm 10&efukef pufwifbm 10EdkifiHawmforw vufrSwfxdk;&efom usef&Sdawmhonfh trsd K;om;

    ynma&;Oya'rl Murf;udkausmif;om;rsm; 0dkif;uefYuGuf&ef&efukefjrdKUay:&Sd

    wuodkvfausmif;rsm;odkY ausmif;om;or*rsm;u vdkufvHwdkufwGef;a[majymvQuf&Sdonf/&efukef&Sd wuodkvftoD;oD;rSausmif;om;or*rsm;u pufwif

    bm(10)&ufaeYwGif&efukefuGefysLwmwuodkvfa&SU ausmif;om;rsm;udkoGm;a&mufaymmajymwdkufwGef;cJ haomfvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;uaMumuf&GHU jcif;aMumifh pdwfyg0ifpm;rItm;enf;cJhonf/

    &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuodkvfausmif;om;OuX udkaZ,smvif;u]]ausmif;om;awGu tjyifxGufzdkYtwGufudkt&rf;cufcJaew,f? q&mrawGuvnf;ausmif;xJrSm b,fvdkyHkpHrsdK;eJYausmif;om;awGudkajymaevJqdkwmuRefawmfwdkYrod&bl;? t"du aMumufpdwfu ausmif;om;awG

    csaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunmxm;onf/wuodkvfausmif;om;or*u udkzdk;om;u ]]'DOya'u A[dkcsKyf

    udkifrIawGrsm;w,f? q&mawG&JU tcGifhta&;? ausmif;om;awG&JU tcGifh

    ta&;udk ydwfyifxm;w,f? t"duu toif;tzGJY zGJYpnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya'awGrygbl;? ausmif;om;or*awGausmif;xJrSmvGwfvyfpGm zGJYpnf;cGifhr&wJhtajctaeawGygw,f/ 'DOya'u ausmif;om;eJYq&mudkudk,fpm;rjyKbl;}}[kajymonf/

    trsdK;om;ynma&;Oya'rlMurf;udkjynfolYvTwfawmfwGif twnfjyKvdkufonfhtcsdefup jrefrmEdkifiHtESH&Sdausmif;om;or*rsm;u oufqdkif&m ausmif;rsm;wGif qEjyrIrsm;jyKvkyfvmcJhMuonf/ vuf&SdwGif,if;trsdK;om;ynma&;Oya'rlMurf;onfjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu twnfjyKxm;jyDjzpfjyD; EdkifiHawmforwOD;odef;pdefvufrSwfa&;xdk;twnfjyK&efom usef&Sdaeonf/ apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;

    twGuftcuftcJjzpfaew,f? uRefawmfwdkYu trsdK;om;ynma&; Oya' rlMurf;eJUyufoufjyD;awmh bmaMumifh'DOya'rlMurf;udktwnfjyK&rSmvJ? b,folawGa&;qGJaeovJ? b,folawGyg0ifcGifh&ovJ? uRefawmf

    wdkU ausmif;om;awGbmawGvkyfaeovJqdkwm odapcsifwmyg}}[k ajymonf/

    &efukefjrdKU&Sdwuodkvfausmif;rsm; tm;vHk;odkU trsdK;a&;ynma&; Oya'rlMurf;ESifhyufoufonfrsm;udkausmif;om;or*rsm;u xyfrHvdkufvHa[majymrIrsm;jyKvkyfoGm;&ef pDpOfxm;aMumif;od&onf/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*rsm;tzGJYcsKyfESifhwuodkvfausmif;om;or*rsm;u trsdK;om;ynma&;Oya'rlMurf;onf jynfolESifhausmif;om;xk wpf&yfvHk;udktajcrcHonfhtwGuftjyif;txefqefYusifuefYuGufIwf

    rl;,pfaq;0g;rIESifhaxmif(6)ESpfuscHae&wJhokyfaqmif&Jwdkufc&pf,mefbk&m;ausmif;

    trIausat;vTm w&m;Hk;udka&mufrvmwJhtwGufaxmif'Pf(1)ESpfxyfcscHvdkuf&jyef

    &efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18(2013)ckESpftwGif;yJcl;jrdKUay:rSmaq;ajcmufawGeJYtwltzrf;cHcJh&vdkY

    vufSdaxmif'Pf(6)ESpfuscHae&wJhokyfaqmif&Jwdkufudk &efukef AdkvfwaxmifjrdKUe,fw&m;Hk;uaxmif'Pf(1)ESpfxyfrHcsrSwfvdkufygw,f/

    yJcl;rSmtzrf;rcH&cifokyfaqmif&Jwdkuf[m &efukefjrdKUrSm&SdwJhpdefYar&Dbk&m;ausmif;udk0ifa&mufjyD; bk&m;ausmif;wGif;omoemawmfndK;EGrf;apatmifjyKrlaqmifGufrIawGudkvkyfaqmifcJhwmaMumifhbk&m;ausmif; omoemhtusdK;aqmifOuXOD;&pfcsuf(c)OD;cifarmifOD;u yk'fr 295^ 295(u)ESifhtrIzGifhcJhwmudk(2014)ckESpfpufwifbm(18)&ufaeYrSmtckvdktrdefYcsvdkufwmyg/

    yk'fr295 ESifhyk'fr 295(u) wpfrIqDtwGuftvkyfESifhaxmif'PfwpfESpfpDcsrSwfcHcJh&wmjzpfjyD; trIESpfrIvHk;twGuf wpfaygif;wnf;uscHap&ef w&m;Hk;utrdefYcsrSwfwmjzpfwJhtwGuf axmif'PfwpfESpfom

    xyfrHuscH&rSmjzpfjyD; csKyf&ufudkawmhxkwfESKwfcHpm;cGifh&SdrSmjzpfygw,f/AdkvfwaxmifjrdKUe,fw&m;olMuD;OD;0if;azcdkifu]]csKyf&ufcHpm;cGifhSdayr,fh

    &JwdkufucsKyf&ufcHpm;cGifhenf;ygw,f/ ausmufwHwm;u aq;rISdcJhwJhtwGufudkcsKyf&ufcHpm;cGifhenf;enf;yJ&rSmyg}} vdkYajymygw,f/

    wpfaygif;wnf;axmif'Pf wpfESpfcsrSwfvdkufwJh ,cktrIudk

    w&m;vdk pdefYar&Dbk&m;ausmif;OuXOD;&pfcsufwdkYbufu okyfaqmif&Jwdkuf&Jhawmif;yefrIaMumifhESpfOD;ESpfzufjyefausat;xm;jyD;rStckvdkw&m;kH;utrdefYcsvdkufwmyg/ AdkvfwaxmifjrdKUe,fw&m;olMuD;OD;0if;azcdkifu ]]'DtrIuaus at;vdkYr& bl;?a*gyu tzGJYuausat;cGifhwifayr,fhvdkYoufqdkif&mudk [dkbufuqufwifoGm;w,f?b,ftqifh xda&mufvJuRefawmfrodbl;? 295 eJY295 (u)kwfodrf;vdkYawmh&w,f/kyfodrf;vTmuvkyfxHk;vkyfenf; t&&JwyfzGJYujyD;awmhrSOya'Hk;? tJh'DurSwpfqifhw&m;Hk;udkwifjy&r,f? uRefawmfwdkYqDrSmuw&m;vdkbufuwifjyxm;wmwpfckyJSd ao;w,f}}vdkY w&m;vdkausat;jyD;om;trIudktrdefYcsrSwfjcif; ESifhywfoufvdkY rD'D,mrsm;udkSif;jyygw,f/

    okyfaqmif&Jwdkuf[m(2013)ckESpf? arvtwGif;u &efukef? AdkvfwaxmifjrdKUe,fAdkvfatmifausmfvrf;ESifhAdkvfcsKyfvrf;ay:SdpdefYar&Dbk&m;ausmif;twGif;c&pf,mefbmom0ifwdkYtxGwftjrwfxm;&m bk&m;ocif?r,fawmf*lawGudk ausmcdkif;jyD;&Sdc dk;atmf[pfjcif; awGjyKvkyfcJhygw,f/tJh'Dtjyif]]ESvHk;om;rSxGufay:vmaom emusifrIpmom; bk&m;ocifa&SUarSmuf 'l;axmufjcif;udk uREkfyfESpfoufyg\/'gayr,fhwpfpHkwpfa,mufuuREkfyftm; tl;vdkYajymw,f? uREkfyfuawmhw&m;rQwrIudk,HkMunfw,f}}vdkY jrefrmbmomjzifht"dyg,fSdwJhAGDEdkif;qdkif;bkwfudkudkifjyD; awmhvnf; bk&m;ausmif;twGif;qEjyatmf[pfrIawGjyKvkyfcJhwmyg/okyfaqmif&Jwdkufu Arm- &Srf;-tm&yfvlrsdK;vdkYolYudk,fol xGufqdkxm;zl;jyD;Ak'bmomudkul;ajymif;vmwmMumjrifhjyDjzpfaMumif; (2013)ckESpftwGif;u Hk;xkwfppfaq;&mwGifajymqdkcJhzl;ygw,f/ apmzdk;cGm;

    xdkif;EdkifiHa&mufjrefrma&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;twGufONE STOP SERVICEjzifhvufrSwfjyKvkyfay;aerItvkyform;rsm;tqifrajy

    &efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18xdkif;EdkifiH?rJaqmufjrdKUa&muf jrefrma&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm;

    w&m;0iftvkyform;rSwfyHkwifjcif;udk xdkif;tpdk;&bufu One StopService jzifhjyKvkyfay;aerIwGiftvkyform;rsm;tqifrajyrIrsm;ESifh MuHKawGUae &aMumif;od&onf/

    tvkyfSifaxmufcHcsufvdktyfjcif;?xdkif;&Jrsm;u aiGydktrsdK;rsdK; awmif;aejcif;wdkYaMumifh,ckuJhodkYtqifrajy&jcif; jzpfaMumif; rJaqmuftajcpdkufjrefrmjynfom;rsm;ta&;yl;wGJvSKyfSm;a&;aumfrwD(JACBA)uOu|OD;rdk;MudK;uajymonf/

    ,if;aumfrwDtaejzifhpufwifbmv(16)&ufaeYurJaqmuf jrdKUe,f? wmhcdkifu xdkif;tvkyform;&Hk; wm0efSdolrsm;ESifhawGUqHkjyD; jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;tqifajyvG,fulpGm w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifvufrSwf&Sda&;udkaqG; aEG;cJhonf/

    ]]xdkif;EdkifiH&Jhtvkyftudkifae&mcsxm;a&;pepfutvkyfSiftrnfcHrStmrcHrSvkyfvdkY&r,fhpepfjzpfaew,f/ tmrcHcsuf&rSvufrSwfu ay;wmjzpfwJhtwGuftqifrajybl;? vufrSwf&oGm;&ifvnf;xdkif;&JawGuyHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;eJYaiGnSpfawmif;aewmawGSdw,f/aemufxdkif;&yfGmvlMuD;awGqDrSmvufrSwfuvkyfcdkif;ao;w,f?tJh'DrSmydkufqHawmif;w,f? tJh'Dawmhtvkyform;awGuukefusp&dwfoufomwma&G;jyD;w&m;r0ifwJh &yfGmvlMuD;vufrSwfawGvkyfaew,f? w&m;0ifwJhvufrSwfudkukefusp&dwfrsm;vdkYrvkyfMuawmhbl;}}[kOD;rdk;MudK;uajymonf/

    xdkif;EdkifiHa&mufjrefrma&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;w&m;0ifvufrSwf&&ef

    tqifrajyjzpfaerItm; jrefrmEdkifiHSdtvkyform;a&;&m0efMuD;XmeodkYwifjyoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;vnf;OD;rdk;MudK;uqufvufajymonf/xdkif;EdkifiHa&mufjrefrmtvkyform;rsm;tm; ,ckpufwifbmvqef; ydkif;wGifxdkif;tpdk;&u One Stop Service (aeYcsif;jyD;pepf)jzifhvkyfaqmifay;aeonf/xdkif;EdkifiH?wmhcfjynfe,ftwGif; tvkyform;wpfodef;av;aomif;udkOneStop Service (aeYcsif;jyD;pepf)jzifh tvkyform;vufrSwfjyKvkyfay;oGm;Edkif&ef vsmxm;aMumif;od&onf/

    tqifrajyrIrsm;pGmSdonfhMum;rSjrefrmEdkifiH\e,fpyfjrdKUjzpfonfhxdkif;EdkifiH? rJaqmufjrdKUodkYaeYpOfa&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;pGm vma&muftvkyfvkyfaeMuqJjzpfonf/]]jrefrmjynfrSmu bmrSvkyfp&mrSdawmh'DbufudkvmjyD;tvkyfvkyfwm?'Dbufa&mufawmhpdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief; awGrSmbJtrsm;qHk;vkyf&wmyJ/ olwdkYrvkyfcsifwJhMuHckwf? yef;pdkuf? ajymif;ckwf?yef;csdK;? tJh'DvdktvkyfawGrSmyJtrsm;qHk;vkyf&wmyJ/ 'DrSmu&JudkaMumufae&wmyJ?xdkif;&JawGuawGU&if ydkufqHay;qdkjyD;awmif;awmhwmyJ? pkrdaqmif;rdr[kwfayr,fhtaetpm;acsmifjyD; jrefrmjynfrSm tvkyfr&Sdwmxufpm&ifawmh'DrSmuenf;enf;tqifajyygw,f}} [krJaqmufa&mufa&TUajymif;tvkyform ; wpfOD;uqdkonf/

    xdkif;EdkifiHa&mufjrefrma&TUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm; tult nDay;a&;twGuf xdkif;EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m vlxktajcjyKtzGJYtpnf;rsm; yl;aygif;uGef&ufMuD;wnfaqmuf&efxdkif;EdkifiHSdjrefrmtzGJYtpnf;toD;oD;uvkyfaqmifvSsufSdaMumif;od&onf/

    apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;

    xGufouf0ifoufpnf;0g;csufnDreufrSn vdkufae&/ /

    jrifhOD;OD;jrifhjrifhOD;OD;jrifhjrifhOD;OD;jrifhjrifhOD;OD;jrifhjrifhOD;OD;jrifh

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    6/404

    (1974)ckESpfOD;oefYta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifvSKyf&Sm;cJhonfhausmif;om;acgif;aqmifOD;armifarmifwdwfonfpufwifbmv(11)&ufaeYu xdkif;EdkifiHrJaqmufjrdKUwGif avjzwfa0'emcHpm;&`yD;uG,fvGefcJhonf/ OD;armifarmifwdwf\kyftavmif;udk rJaqmufjrdKUe,f&Sd awm&jrefrmbkef;MuD;ausmif;wGif ig;&ufxm;cJhjyD; pufwifbmv (15)&ufaeYwGifrJaqmufjrdKU jrLeDpy,fokefwGifrD;oj*dKvfcJhonf/ OD;armifarmifwdwf\aemufqHk;c&D;udk(1974-75-76)ckESpfausmif;om;vIyfSm;rlrsm;wGifyg0ifcJhonfhausmif;om;rsdK;qufacgif;aqmifrsm;? xdkif;EdkifiHrJaqmufjrdKUtajcpdkuf jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD;rS&Jabmfrsm;? tjcm;aomEdkifiHa&; orm;rsm;ESifhrJaqmufa&mufjrefrmaGUajymif;tvkyform;rsm;vdkufygydk YaqmifcJhMuonf/

    OD;armifarmifwdwf\udk,fa&;tusOf;-&Jabmfarmifarmifwdwf (1950-2014)&Jabmfarmifarmifwdwf (1950-2014)&Jabmfarmifarmifwdwf (1950-2014)&Jabmfarmifarmifwdwf (1950-2014)&Jabmfarmifarmifwdwf (1950-2014)

    jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD; (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf)wyfzGJU0if &Jabmfarmifarmifwdwf(uy^4492)udk tzOD;dk;xGef;? trda':odef;GefYwdkYrS1950jynfhESpfarv 23 &ufaeYwGifyJcl;wdkif;a'oBuD; u0NrdKUe,f arG;zGm;cJhonf/ arG;csif; (4)a,mufteufti,fqHk;om;jzpfonf/ yJcl;NrdKU txl; o'gtvGwfynmoifausmif;wGifrlvwef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmqnf;yl;cJhNyD; 1965 ckESpfwGifyJcl;txufwef;ausmif; (txu-1)rSe0rwef;atmifjrifcJhonf/ 1970ckESpfrSpwif &efukef0dZm-odyHwuodkvf(RASU) wGifpdwfynmt"du bmom&yfjzifh ynmqufvufqnf;yl;cJhNyD; 1981 ckESpfwGif0dZmbGJU&&SdcJhonf/ 1970-73 txd &efukefNrdKU? trSwf(1) wuodkvft&Hwyf&if;wGifoifwef;rsm;wufa&mufcJhonf/ awmfvSefa&;e,fajrwGifvnf; Diplomatic Training, Mental Health and Counseling TrainingESifhtjcm;aom oifwef;rsm;wufa&mufcJhonf/ ynmoifMum;pOfumvESifh ruG,fvGefrDtcsdeftxd tawG;tac:qdkif&mpmayrsm; okawoepmayrsm;ESifhawmfvSefpmayrsm;tm; rsm;pGmavhvmqnf;yl;cJhonf/ ynmoifaepOfumv 1974 ckESpfausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI(OD;oefYta&;awmfyHk)

    wGifrEav;aqmifA[dktvkyftrIaqmif aumfrwD0iftjzpf vHkNcHKa&;?jyefMum;a&;? b@ma&;qdkif&m vkyfief;rsm;wGifwm0efcHyg0ifcJhrIjzifhppftmPm&Sifrsm;\ zrf;qD;rIcH&um &efukeftif;pdefpHjytusOf; axmifwGif(5)ESpfMum tusOf;cscHcJh&onf/ 1979 ckESpfazazmf0g&D (11)&ufaeYwGiftusOf;axmifrS vGwfajrmufcJhNyD; arG;zGm;&mZmwd&GmwGif ausmif;q&mtjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOfumv rdcifBuD;\ usef;rma&;aMumifhyJcl;NrdKUodkYjyefvmNyD; usL&Sifq&mtjzpfvnf; aumif;?pufa&wGif;wl;azmfaom tvkyftjzpfvnf;aumif;? b0udk&yfwnfcJh&onf/ 1982 wGifppftmPm&Sifrsm;rSyk'fr(5)jzifh w&m;pGJNyD;axmif(2)ESpfxyfrH csrSwfcJhjyefonf/ axmifrSvGwfajrmufNyD; arG;zGm;&mZmwdteD;atmifaumif;GefYaus;&Gm? u0NrdKUe,f? yJcl;wdkif;wGJzuftv,fwef;ausmif;tkyftjzpf xyfrHwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhjyefonf/

    1988 ckESpf'Drdkua&pDvlxkta&;awmfyHkBuD;wGifbGJU&ausmif;om;

    rsm;or*(yJcl;NrdKU)tBuHay;tzGJU0iftjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1988ckESpf? pufwifbmv 18 &ufwGif EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUrSppftmPmodrf;rIaMumifhppftmPm&Sifpepftm; wdkufzsuf&eftwGuf u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;tHk; (KNU)e,fajrodkY xGufcGmvmcJhonf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufaeYwGifvGwfajrmufe,fajrodkYa&muf&SdNyD; jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD; (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf)odkYoHvGifpcef;? wyf&if; (208^209)rSpwif0ifa&mufum wm0efrsm;udkausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;'Drkdu&ufwpfwyfOfD; (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf)wGifwm0efxrf;aqmifpOf umvtwGif; 1988-89 wGif oHvGifpcef;aumfrwDOu|ESifh u&ife,fajr 'kOu|tjzpfvnf;aumif;? 1989-90 wGift&HA[dkaumfrwD(jyefMum;a&;Xme)? w&m;a&;XmetzGJU0ifESifhppfa&;XmewGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? ppfaxmufcsKyfwm0efESifhDABppfaMumif;? trSwf(15) ppfaMumif;rSL;wm0eftjzpfvnf;aumif;? pwkwtBudrf nDvmcHoufwrf;wGif e,fajr(5)tzGJUacgif;aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;? jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;Xme (Rehabilitation Center)wGif tzGJU0if

    tjzpfvnf;aumif;? 1996 ckESpfaygif;pnf;a&;nDvmcHoufwrf;umvwGif A[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;? 1999 ckESpf owrtBudrfnDvmcHoufwrf;twGif; PP21 wm0efudk A[dkaumfrwDwm0efjzifh rJaqmufe,fajr wm0efcHtjzpfvnf;aumif;? q|rtBudrf? t|rtBudrfESifh e0rtBudrfnDvmcHoufwrf;twGif; A[dkw&m;olBuD;Ou|tjzpfvnf;aumif;? e0rtBudrfnDvmcHoufwrf;twGif; a&mifeDOD;tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;ausmif;tkyftjzpfvnf;aumif;wm0efrsm;udkausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifEkdifcJhonf/ txufygwm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifaepOfumvrSmyif 1990-95 ckESpftwGif; zmyGefa'otwGif;wdkufyGJrsm;? aemfwwdkufyGJrsm;? rme,fyavm umuG,fa&;ESifh acG;tdyfawmifwdkufyGJrsm;wGifpGrf;pGrf;wrHwdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf/ if;tjyifpnf;Hk;a&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? oabmw&m;a&;ESifhEkdifiHa&;tHwkrIqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;wGifvnf; wm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhonf/ trSwfw&taejzifh ru'w (5)ESpfajrmufESpfywfvnfESifhtjcm;aom *kPfjyKyGJrsm;wGifvnf; pdwf"mwfjrifhwifa&; tEkynmzefwD;rIrsm; vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJhovdk a'gif;tdk;a0pmapmifwGifarmifarmifwdwf?rif;wduuavmiftrnfrsm;jzifhuAsmrsm; 0wKwdkrsm; a&;om;azmfjyumtEkynmu@wGifvnf;tm;BudK;rmefwufyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf/ xl;jcm;csuftaejzifh&JabmfarmifarmifwdwfonfjrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD; (ausmif;om;wyfrawmf)\ nDvmcHwdkif;wGifnDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfwufa&mufcGifhyHkrSef&&SdcJholwpfOD;wnf; aom

    tzGJU0ifjzpfonf/ rdciftzGJUtpnf;\ wm0efay;csuft& EkdifiHa&; ppfa&;vkyfief;rsm;udkaqmif&GufaepOfrSmyif'Drdkua&pDvlYtcGifhta&;ESifhvlxkpnf;Hk;a&;tygt0iftjcm;aomynm&yfrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;cJhjcif;tjyifolwwfuRrf;aomynm&yfrsm;udkoifMum;ydkYcsonfhausmif;q&m?oifwef;q&mtjzpfvnf; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aqmif&GufcJhonf/ ruG,fvGefrD

    tcsdeftxd EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&; toif;(jrefrmEkdifiH) AAPP-BtBuHay;ESifhBurmese Migrant Worker EducationCommittee(BMWEC)wGifem,utjzpfvnf;aumif;? Social Actionfor Women (SAW) a&TUajymif;jrefrmausmif;wGift*FvdyfpmESifhjrefrmpmq&mtjzpfvnf;aumif;? r,fawmfaq;cef; (MTC)wkwftyfpdkufXmewGifvnf;aumif;? uav;tcGifhta&; umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIaumfrwDwGifaumfrwD0ifESifhuav;arG;pm&if;XmewGifvnf; ay;tyfonfhwm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 2014 ckESpf 'ortBudrfnDvmcHNyD;aemufvlBuD;a&m*ga0'emaMumifhkyfydkif;qdkif&mtm;enf;oGm;aomfvnf; ppftmPm&Sifrsm;udktHI;ray;vufravQmhbJ wdkif;jynfESifhjynfolvlxktwGuftoufay;qyf&ef pdwf"mwfcGeftm;ravQmh rmef tjynfh7Sdaeolwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ 2000 ckESpfwGifSocial Action for Women (SAW)tzGJUrSa':arMunfESifhvufxyfxdrf;jrm;cJhNyD; ruG,fvGefrDtcsdeftxdrdom;pkESifhtwlaysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUpGmaexdkifcJhonf/ apmzdk;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzdk;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzdk;cGm;

    (1974)ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifOD;armifarmifwdwf\ aemufqHk;c&D;

    &JabmfarmifarmifwdwfpsmyeodkY74-75-76 EdkifiHa&; tiftm;pkrsm;rSay;ydkYaom 0rf;enf;aMumif; o0PfvTmukdarmifarmifwdwf(&Jabmfarmifarmifwdwf) pdwfynm? &efukef wuokdvf? 74

    'DZifbm ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI ABSDF ausmif;om;wyfrawmfA[kdaumfrwD0ifa[mif;?w&m;olBuD;Ou|a[mif;? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;a[mif;? touf 66 ESpfonf2014 ckESpf pufwifbmv 11 &ufaeYwGifvlBuD;a&m*gjzifhuG,fvGeftedpa&mufcJhonfukd Mum;od&onfhtwGufukdarmifarmifwdwf\ usef&pfolrdom;pk? ausmif;om;wyfrawmfacgif;aqmif&Jabmfrsm;? EkdifiHa&;vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;ESifhxyfwl jynfwGif;? jynfy&Sd 74-75-76 EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;taejzifhvnf; ESajrmaMuuGJrqkH;jzpf&ygonf/ vli,fausmif;om;b0tpuyif rw&m;rIukdqefYusifpdwftajccHjzifhtmPm&Siftqufquftm; awmfvSefwkdufyGJ0ifcJhouJhokdY ppftmPm&SifpepfusqkH;a&;twGuf vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;ukdtoufxufqkH; *kPfa&mifxGef;ajymifpGmwkdufyGJ0ifcJholwpfOD;vnf;aumif;? ukd,fusKd;pGefYtepfemcHay;qyfcJholtjzpfvnf;aumif;? &moufyefawmfvSefa&;orm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;?wkdufyGJ0ifcGyf a'gif;tvHawmfatmufrS ,kHMunfcsufukd tckdiftrmukdifpGJ wkdufyGJ0ifcJhrI

    rsm;ukd orkdif;rSwfwrf;wGif uAnf;wifcJhNyD;jzpfygonf/cspfvSpGmaom &JabmfBuD;armifarmifwdwfoifhtm; uREkfyfwkdY&Jabmf &Jbuftaygif;rS

    aumif;&mok*wdvm;ygapaMumif;? qkawmif;&if; av;eufpGmOD;Gwftav;jyKvkduf ygonf/

    ta&;awmfykHpdwf"mwfjzifh - &Jabmfrsm;74-75-76 EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pk&ufpG J/ 2014 ckESpf? pufwifbmv 15 &uf

    "mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;"mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;"mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;"mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;"mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;

    "mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;"mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;"mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;"mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;"mwfyHk - apmzdk;cGm;

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    7/405

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    8/406

    ppfukdif;awmifdk; oDw*ltm,k'geaq;kHawmfwGifb,fvf*sD,H? *smrPD? rav;&Sm;?tar&duefEkdifiHawmfrSorm;awmfBuD;rsm; txl;uktpDtpOfjzifhukoay;rnf

    ppfukdif;awmifkd; oDw*ltm,k'geaq;kHawmfwGif2014 atmufwkdbm? Ekd0ifbmvrsm;wGifEIwfcrf;uGJ? tmacgifuGJtxl;uktpDtpOftjzpf*smreDEkdifiHrSDr.Julia Berkei OD;aqmifonfhEIwfcrf;uGJ? tm

    acgifuGJ txl;ukq&m0efrsm;onf 29-9-2014 rS 3-10-2014aeYtxdvnf;aumif;? b,fvf*sD,HEkdifiHrSDr.Bart De Van OD;aqmifonfhEIwfcrf;uGJ? tmacgifuGJtxl;ukq&m0efrsm;onf21-11-2014rS29-11-2014 aeYtxdvnf;aumif;? rsufpdtxl;uktpDtpOftjzpfrav; &Sm;EkdifiHrSDr.Peter Kong OD;aqmifonhfrsufpda&SUcef;^ aemufcef;cGJpdwftxl;ukq&m0efrsm;onf19-10-2014 rS26-10-2014aeYtxdvnf;aumif;? taxGaxGcGJpdwftxl;uktpDtpOf? vnfyif;BuD;cGJpdyftxl; uktpDtpOf? taxGaxGtxl;uktpDtpOf? vufwkwyfqifjcif;ESifhEIwfcrf;uGJtmacgifuGJcGJpdyftxl;uktpDtpOftjzpf tar&duefEkdifiHAloha Medical Mission rS Dr.Carl Lum OD;aqmifaomtaxGaxGtxl;uk? cGJpyftxl;uk? vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gcGJpdyftxl;uk?vufwkwyfqifjcif;ESihfEIwfcrf;uGJtmacgifuGJcGJpdyftxl;ukq&m 0efrsm;onf25-10-2014 rS 30-10-2014aeYtxdvnf;aumif; vma&muf a0'em&Sifrsm;tm; cGJpdyfukoay;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

    bmomw&m;rwlayr,fhwdkif;jynfeJYvlrsKd; rwlayr,fhwlnDwmawG&Sdw,f/ udk;uG,fwJhbmomw&m; rwlayr,fhwdkif;jynf? vlrsKd;?tom;ta&mifrwlayr,fhwlwmawG&Sdw,f/ rif;wdkYwawGeJYeD;pyfwmigajymr,fqdk&ifcspfjcif;eJYrkef;jcif;b,fwkdif;jynfub,fvlrsKd;rqdktwlwlyJ/ cspfjcif;tay:rSmwdkYtm;vHk; vufwGJvrf;avQmufNyD;awmhtJ'Dcspfjcif;uwdkY&JU common platform jzpfw,f/ rkef;jcif;qdkwJh qefYusifbufoabmw&m;/ aemufwpfcku ygupwefwdkY? tdEd,wdkYqdkNyD;awmhEkdifiHawGeJYvlrsKd;awG? udk;uG,fwJhbmomawGrwlMuaomfvnf;yJprob-lem qdkwJhjyemawGjzpfvmw,f/ a&epfw,fqkdwm jzpfvmw,f/jrefrmjynfvnf; trsm;BuD;jzpfw,f/ a&epfjcif;qdkwJhjyem jrefrmAk'bmomrSm jzpfovdkyJ tpvmrf? ygupwefrSmvnf; jzpfw,f/Isalam eJYBuddhist eJYLabel av;udkcPz,fxm;vdkuf/ a&epfcH&wJh?a&jrKyfcH&wJh'kuqdkwm 'g common problem yJ/ trsm;eJYqdkifaewJhtJ'Djyem 0dkif;0ef;NyD;awmhtrsm;oabmwlajz&Sif;&r,f/ 'g EkdifiH

    wdkif;? vlrsKd;wdkif; rSm&SdwJhwm0ef/ rwlwmav;awGudkMunfhNyD;awmhwlnDwJhtay:rSm vufrwGJEkdifMu&ifurmBuD;&JU jyemawGu &Sif;vdkY&rSmr[kwfbl;/ b,fvkdrS ajz&Sif;EkdifrSmr[kwfbl;/

    tJ'D&JU trSwfvuPm? tJ'Dsign av;udkjyNyD;awmh/ a&jrKyfjcif;?rD;avmifjcif;qdkwJhjyemawGuwdkif;jynfeJYvlrsKd;/ udk;uG,fwJhbmom

    rwlayr,fhjyemawGwlaevkdY&Sd&ifcommon problemvdkYac:w,f/wlnDaewJhcommon problem udkwlnDwJhpdwf"mwfwpfck&SmrSajz&Sif;vdkY&r,f/ tJ'Dawmhy&[dwtoif;tzGJUtm;vHk;onf'Dtwdkif;yJwdkufwGef;w,f/ wlnDaomjyemawGtm;vHk;udk0dkif;0ef;wlnDaom pdwf"mwfeJY ajz&Sif;zdkYpdwf"mwfeJYqdk&mrSm tckvdka&jrKyfjcif;wdkY? rD;avmifjcif;wdkY? awmifNydKjcif;wdkY? rkd;acgifjcif;wdkY? iwfrGwfjcif;wdkY 'kuawGz,f&Sm;wJhae&mrSmukPmw&m;utm;vHk;vufwGJzd k Y commonplatform jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dcommon platform udk tckygupwefoHtrwfBuD;eJYwGJNyD;awmhygupwefu a&ab;'kuonfawGudkvSLwJhyGJyg/ (300)ausmfaow,f/ (2 'r 5)oef; tdk;rJhtdrfrJhjzpfw,f/tJ'gawGudk 0dkif;0ef;ajz&Sif;wJhae&mrSm tm;vHk; ukPmw&m;eJY wnDwGwfwnf; ajz&Sif;ay;&vdrfhr,f/ ukPmqdkwm olwpfyg;'kua&muf&ifcHpm;wwfwJhpdwfu ukPm/ cHpm;aeHkeJYrNyD;bJeJYolwpfyg;&JU'kuudk z,f&Sm;ay; vdkwJhpdwf/ tJ'DukPmpdwfxm;rsKd;u vlrsKd;

    wdkif;? b,fbmomudk;uG,fwJhbmom0ifwdkif;rqdk&SdtyfwJhESvHk;om;&JU t&nftcsif;ygyJ/ tm;vHk;aus;Zl;wifygw,f/

    (oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rSygupwef&Sda&ab;'kuonfrsm;(oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rS ygupwef&Sda&ab;'kuonfrsm;(oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rSygupwef&Sda&ab;'kuonfrsm;(oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rS ygupwef&Sda&ab;'kuonfrsm;(oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rS ygupwef&Sda&ab;'kuonfrsm;twGuf tar&duefa':vm wpfaomif;vSL'gef;onfh tcrf;tem;twGuf tar&duefa':vm wpfaomif;vSL'gef;onfh tcrf;tem;twGuf tar&duefa':vm wpfaomif;vSL'gef;onfh tcrf;tem;twGuf tar&duefa':vm wpfaomif;vSL'gef;onfh tcrf;tem;twGuf tar&duefa':vm wpfaomif;vSL'gef;onfh tcrf;tem;wGif rdefYMum;aom Mo0g'rS)wGif rdef Y Mum;aom Mo0g'rS)wGif rdefYMum;aom Mo0g'rS)wGif rdef Y Mum;aom Mo0g'rS)wGif rdef Y Mum;aom Mo0g'rS)

    tcsyfydkaemufausmzHk;rStquftcsyfydkaemufausmzHk;rStquftcsyfydkaemufausmzHk;rStquftcsyfydkaemufausmzHk;rStquftcsyfydkaemufausmzHk;rStquf

    vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fodkY ay;ydkYvmMuonfrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wif xkwfEkwfwifjyygonf/ vQyfwpfjyufpmwdkufyHk;u@odkY rnfolrqdk taxmuftxm;cdkifvHkpGmjzifha&;om;ay;ydkYEkdifygaMumifhvnf; today;tyfygonf/

    vQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufQ: yef;csDarmifarmifvSjrifh&JU a&aq;yef;csDum; ao;ao;av;awG

    bmaMumifh a&mif;aumif;wmvJ[if/atmifarmifarmfatmifarmifarmfatmifarmifarmfatmifarmifarmfatmifarmifarmf

    A: wcsKdUu ao;rS BudKufw,fqdkvm;ygyJuG,f/

    Q: xl;tdrfoif&JU orD;av; rduGefaxmu olYtazoDcsif;awGjyefqdkNyD; pD;&D;xGufr,fqdkwm [kwfvm;[if/

    xl;xl;xl;xl;xl;xl;xl;xl;xl;xl;A: rduGefaxmav;&JUtar roG,fudkom wdkufdkufar;Munfhvdkuf

    &if owif;vnf;jzpfwmayghuG,f/

    Q: MPT u bmaMumifh0,folwdkif; 0,fvdkYr&atmif cufae&ao;wmvJ ar;ay;prf;yg&Sif/

    o&zDOD;o&zDOD;o&zDOD;o&zDOD;o&zDOD;A: vG,faewmudk cufatmifvkyfwwfMuw,fqdkwJh oDcsif;vnf;

    t&Sdom;ayghuG,f/

    Q: owif;orm;awG&JU vHkNcHKa&;udk b,folu wm0ef,lay;rSmvJodyg&ap/

    a':azmha':azmha':azmha':azmha':azmhA: jynfolawG&JU vHkNcHKa&;udkaum b,folu wm0ef,lay;aevdkY

    wkef;/ "mwfrvdkufatmifawmif udk,fh[mudk,f Munfha&SmifvdkY ajymaerSawmh urf;ukefaeygNyDayghAsm/

    &efukef?pufwifbm(20)owif;rD'D,mESifhywfoufonfh DVB DebateaqG;aEG;yGJudkpufwif

    bm(20)&ufaeUu &efukefNrdKU? Adkvfwpfaxmifbk&m;vrf;SdOrchid HotelwGifjyKvkyfcJhonf/

    tqdkygaqG;aEG;yGJudk Media Literacy;How to see the News?arG;cGef;jzifh7 Days News rSOD;aomif;pkNidrf;? yJhwifoH*sme,frS roDwm(prf;acsmif;)? tvHkNrdKUe,fjynfolUvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;cdkifarmif&nf?

    OD;aZmfaZmfrsdK;vGifwdkUuaqG;aEG;cJhMuNyD;wufa&mufem;axmifMuolrsm;uodvdkonfrsm;udkar;jref;cJhMuonf/

    aqG;aEG;yGJwGifjrefrmEdkifiHrSm q,fpkESpfcsDNyD;tm;enf;vSwJhynma&;pepfusifhoHk;cJhonfhtjyifrD'D,mvkyfief;tm;vHk;tay:qifqm jzwfawmufrItygt0ifuefUowfrIrsdK;pHkcsrSwfcJhonfhtwGuf rD'D,mtwwfynmzGHUNzdK;rI tSdefavsmhuscH&onfhtaMumif;rsm;tygt0ifrD'D,m twwfynm? owif;tay:IjrifoHk;oyfyHkESifhvufSdowif;avmutay:oHk;oyfcsufrsm;udkESpfbuf tjrifjzifhtacstwifaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/

    rD'D,mtwwfynm? owif;udkb,fvdkjrifvJar;cGef;jzifhDVB Debate aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyf

    DVBtajctwifaqG;aEG;yGJtpDtpOfudkDVB Multimedia GrouprStywfpOfpaeaeUwkdif;dkuful;um DVBkyfoHvdkif;rSwqifhxkwfvTifhay;vsufSdonf/ PK

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    9/407

    vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fodkY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuonfvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fodkY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuonfvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fodkY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuonfvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fodkY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuonfvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fodkY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuonfrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wif xkwfEIwfazmfjyygonf/rsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wif xkwfEIwfazmfjyygonf/rsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wif xkwfEIwfazmfjyygonf/rsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wif xkwfEIwfazmfjyygonf/rsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wif xkwfEIwfazmfjyygonf/

    vQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyuf[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../aMomfarqGdvm;? [kwfuJhukdifZmyGJtrDta&mufjyefvmr,fvdkY

    od&ygw,fAsm/ [kwfuJh ukdifZm arqdG arcvmyGJu b,furSrvTifhbl;vdkYod&ovkdb,folUqDurS pyGefqmr,lbl;vkdYvnf; ajymygw,fAsm [kwfuJhBudKwifvufrSwfawGuawmh ra&mif;rDuukef

    ESifhNyDvdkYajym&rvm; rodygbl;Asm? [kwfuJhaMumfjimawGxJrSmawmhusyfokH;aomif;? ESpfaomif;? wpfaomif;vkdYawmhaMumfjimxm;av&JUAsm [kwfuJh? pme,fZif;awGtwGufawmh OD;yD;ay:pDpOfwJhyGJqkd&if

    ...Roll No.23 yJayghAsm? OD;yD;ay:u tJonfhae&mqkd&ifowif;axmufawG ypnf;vnf;raysmuf? tJonfhae&mqkd&ifowif;axmufawGypnf;vnf;raysmufbl;wJh? ypnf;awGcsxm;NyD; "mwfykHavQmufkdufae&ifvnf; pdwfcs&w,fvkdYajymwmyJavAsm [kwfuJh?ukdifZm arqdGarcvmyGJuawmh[kd[mawGajymovkdqkd0uf0ufuGJr,fhyGJvkdY qkd&rSmayghAsm/ wcsKdUrsm; ukdifZmoDcsif;awmiftqkdusifhaeMuNyDvdkYod&ygw,fAsm [kwfuJh [kwfuJh/

    [kwfuJhMoaemufxyfvmvwHyGJawGuawmh trsm;BuD;yJ&,f[kwfuJh MoaemufxyfvmvwHyGJawGuawmh trsm;BuD;yJ&,f[kwfuJhMoaemufxyfvmvwHyGJawGuawmh trsm;BuD;yJ&,f[kwfuJh MoaemufxyfvmvwHyGJawGuawmh trsm;BuD;yJ&,f[kwfuJhMoaemufxyfvmvwHyGJawGuawmh trsm;BuD;yJ&,fvkdY OD;yD;ay:u ajymygw,fAsm/vkdY OD;yD;ay:u ajymygw,fAsm/vkdY OD;yD;ay:u ajymygw,fAsm/vkdY OD;yD;ay:u ajymygw,fAsm/vkdY OD;yD;ay:u ajymygw,fAsm/

    pdrf;rkdYrdkYwpfyGJ? ApfwmcifndKwpfyGJwJhAsm? pdk;ykdifBuD;uvnf; wpfyGJvmtkef;r,fvkdYMum;&ygw,fAsm? [kwfuJh yav;bdGKif;oef;EdkifBuD;uvnf; wpfyGJpDpOfaejyefw,fvkdYMum;&ygw,fAsm? [kwfuJhtqkd

    awmfa[mif;BuD;awGwpfaMumhjyefpifay:jyefa&mufvmwm[m olwkdY&JU tEkynmt&nftcsif;ygyJAsm? [kwfuJh [kwfuJh/[kwfuJh trdefY&SdygcifAsm/[kwfuJh trdefY&SdygcifAsm/[kwfuJh trdefY&SdygcifAsm/[kwfuJh trdefY&SdygcifAsm/[kwfuJh trdefY&SdygcifAsm/&JwdkuftrIu aq;ajcmufrIvkdYvG,fvG,fajym&r,fxifygw,f

    Asm? bk&m;ausmif;trIuawmhwpfrIayghAsm? [kwfuJh&Jwkduf&JUaq;ajcmufrIeJYywfoufvkdY omomxkd;xkd;a&;wJhol&,fvdkYawmh rawGU&ygbl;Asm? [kwfuJhrl;,pfaq;0g;aMumifhaoqkH;MuwJhtEkynm&SifwcsKdUukdol&Jaumif;awGvkd*kPfjyKaeMuwJhudpuawmhum,uH&SifawG&JU tvkdawmftwkdif; ygyJAsm? [kwfuJh[kwfuJh/

    Lighting Festival Package

    oDwif;uRwf3 &uf2 ntdyfc&D;pOfqufoG,fEkdif

    Aureum Palace Hotels & Resorts rSrD;xGef;yGJawmfumv 2014atmufwdkbmv 1 &ufrS Ekd0ifbmv 30 &ufaeYtxd LightingFestival Package rsm;udkpDpOfay;aeaMumif;? Lighting Festival Pack-age2 ntdyf3 &ufc&D;wGifyk*HESifhykym;udkUSD 270++? tif;av;a'oc&D;udkUSD 325++ EIef;xm;jzifhpDpOfay;xm;aMumif;? PackagewGifyg0ifaom tpDtpOfrsm;rSm 2 ntdyfDeluxe tcef;? aeYpOfeHeufpm? npm wpf&ufpD? yk*HESifhykym; toGm;tjyef? yk*HESifhykym; bk&m;zl;vnfywfcGifh? tif;av;vnfywfcGifh? tif;wdefodkY avSjzifhvnfywfcGifhESifh [dkw,frS avqdyfodkY tBudKtydkYrsm;udkvnf; pDpOfay;xm;aMumif;?jyifOD;vGifNrdKU 2 ntdyf? 3 &ufc&D;udk Aureum Palace Hotel & Re-sort? Pyin Oo Lwin \ Deluxe tcef;wGif2 n? aeYpOf eHeufpm?npm wpf&ufESifhkuaA'O,smOfodkYtcrJh0ifcGifhwdkYyg0ifNyD; wpfOD;vQifUSD 115++ om usoifhrnfjzpfaMumif;/ Aureum Palace Hotel &Resort \ urf;ajc[dkw,frsm;jzpfMuonfh aiGaqmif 2 ntdyf? 3&ufc&D;udk USD 150++ ESifh iyvD 2 ntdyf 3 &ufc&D;udk USD255++ om usoifhrnfjzpfygonf/ xdk Package wGif2 ntdyfDe-

    luxe tcef;? aeYpOf eHeufpm? npm wpf&ufESifhtcrJhSpa Massage0efaqmifrIwpfBudrfwdkYyg0ifaMumif;? azmfjyyg aps;EIef;rsm;onf wpfcef;wGif 2 OD;wnf;cdk&rnfh EIef;xm;rsm;jzpfaMumif ;? tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;ESifh[dkw,fBooking ae&mrsm;twGuf Kandawgyi Pal-ace Hotel (Lake View Building), Kan Yeik Tha Road, Mingalar Taung

    Nyunt Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Tel (95-1)399341-5, Fax: (95-

    1) 399 346, Email:[email protected], reservationgroup

    @aureumpalacehotel.com, Web: www.aurempalacehotel.com odkYqufoG,far;jref;EkdifaMumif;od&onf/ YOH

    XmetcsKdYowif;xkwfjyefrItm;enf;wm&Sdaumif;&SdEkdif[kjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD;&JxG#fajymMum;

    &efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD;&JxG#fonf &efukef?

    A[ef;? csufx&D,rf[dkw,fwGif 2014 pufwifbm 18 &ufaeYuusif;yaom jrefrmhowif;rD'D,mzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;aqG;aEG;yGJwGifowif;orm;tcsKdUESifh awGUqHk&m xkdodkYajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

    ]]uRefawmfxifw,fav wcsKdUXmeawGtaeeJY owif;xkwfjyefrItm;enf;wm &Sdaumif;&SdEkdifw,f/ wcsKdUusawmhvnf; wu,fvkyfaewJh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;udkem;rvnfwm &Sdaumif;&SdEkdifw,f/ wcsKdUusawmhvnf; uRefawmfwdkYu wdkif;a'oBuD;eJY jynfe,ftpdk;&udk csay;wJhtcgrSm wu,fvufawGU taumiftxnfazmfwm wdkif;a'oBuD;eJY jynfe,ftpdk;&awG&,f? tJ'Da'orSm&SdwJh wdkif;a'oBuD;eJY jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGuvkyfMuwm/ olwdkYbufydkif;rSmvnf; csKdU,Gif;tm;enf;csuf&Sdr,f/ odkYaomfuRefawmfajymcsifwmu b,fpepfrqdkajcmufypfuif;oJvJpifr&Sdygbl;/ csKdU,Gif;csuf? tm;enf;csufawG&Sdr,f/ axmufjywJhtcgrSm wdwdusus axmufjyapcsifwmaygh/ r[kwfbJeJY0g;vHk;&SnfeJYodrf;NyD; dkuf&if wu,fvkyfaewJhvlawGtzdkYrSm pdwfraumif;jzpf&w,f/ aemufwpfcgajymwJhvlu wm0efydkBuD;av? &mxl;ydkBuD;av uRefawmfxifw,fav olajymwJhtcsufawGu ydkNyD;awmh wduszdkYvdkw,fvdkYuRefawmfxifygw,f/ r[kwfbJeJY NcHKajymwJhtcgrSmawmh cHpm;wJhvlawGvnf; ydkNyD;awmh 0rf;enf;wmaygh/

    aumvm[vawG jyefYyGm;&jcif;taMumif;&if;xJrSm 0efBuD;XmeawG&JU owif;xkwfjyefrIaES;auG;w,fqdkwmvnf; taMumif;wpfcsufygygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYuRefawmfwdkYuvnf; jyefMum; a&;0efBuD;XmetaeeJYuawmhorwBuD;u wm0efay;xm;wJhtwGufaMumifhrdkYvdkY0efBuD;XmetoD;oD;udkowif;xkwfjyefa&;pepfawGydkNyD; awmhrSrSefuefvmatmifvdkYuRefawmfwdkYoifwef;awGay;aewm&Sdygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; 'g uvnf;uRefawmfwdkYbufuyJoifwef;ay;wmayghAsm/ owif;xkwfjyefrIrSefuefzdkY

    qdkwmvnf; qufqHa&;vdkw,f/ 'DqufqHa&;aumif;oGm; atmifvnf;rMumcifrSmuRefawmfwdkYr@dKif av;ckMum;u wm0ef&SdolawGrSm wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,mufolYvkyfief;obm0? udk,fhvkyfief; obm0tjrifcsif;zvS,fzdkY? wpfa,muftcuftcJwpfa,mufwdkifyifzdkYuRefawmfwdkYtpnf;ta0; BuD;wpfckvkyfzdk Yvnf;&Sdygw,f/ 'gvnf; orwBuD;TefMum;NyD;rSpme,fZif;aumifpDeJY ndEdIif;NyD;awmhuRefawmfwdkYvkyfr,f/

    orwBuD;u uRefawmfwdkY 0efBuD;XmetoD;oD;udk ajyma&;qdkcGifh&SdolcefYxm;zdkY TefMum;csufxkwfNyD;NyD/ 0efBuD;XmeawGtm;vHk;rSmvnf;cefYxm;NyD;NyD/ olwdkYtwGuf vdktyfwJhoifwef;awGvnf; ay;NyD;NyD/ 'gayr,fh jyemu uRefawmfwdkYu wjcm;EkdifiHawGrSmvdkajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdoludk oD;jcm;wm0efay;NyD; cefYxm;wmr[kwfbl;/ wjcm;wm0efxrf;aqmif&wJhXmetBuD;tuJ? TefcsKyf? 'kTefcsKyfawGudk ay;xm;wJhtcgusawmholu olYXmeeJYywfoufvdkYuawmh ajzEkdifpGrf;&Sdw,f/ usefwJhXmeawGeJYywfoufvdkY&Sd&if olurodbl;/ qdkvdkwmuawmh oufqdkif&m0efBuD;XmeawGtwGif;rSm ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdoludk ajymEkdifzdkYtwGufowif;tcsuftvuf rQa0ay;rItm;enf;aewJhtydkif;awG&Sdw,f/

    'kwd,tcsufu olwdkYudk,fwdkifudku oufqdkif&m0efBuD;XmeawGrSm ajyma&;qdkcGifh&SdoltaeeJY bmudkajymvdkY&w,f/ b,f[mudkawmhb,ftqifhtxd twnfjyKrIajym&r,fqdkwJh wduswJhpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufawG r&Sdbl;/

    eHygwfoHk;uawmh uRefawmfwdkY&JU ajyma&;qdkcGifh&SdolwcsKdUu t&ifwkef;u pme,fZif;usifh0wfeJYrnDwJh pme,fZif;orm;tcsKdUeJYawGUNyD;wJhtcgrSm olwdkYrSm cJrSefzl;wJhpmoli,fvdk jzpfaeNyD;awmhrSaMumufvefYwmawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ 'DtajctaeawGaMumifh owif;xkwfjyefwJhtydkif;rSm aES;auG;rIawG&Sdw,f/ 'gvnf; tm;vHk; yl;aygif;ndEdIif;NyD;awmhjyKjyifzdkY BudK;pm;aeygw,f}} [lajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

    owif;ESifh"mwfyHk-owif;ESifh"mwfyHk-owif;ESifh"mwfyHk-owif;ESifh"mwfyHk-owif;ESifh"mwfyHk-YOH

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    10/408

    onfwpfywf&SmazGay;apcsifwJhonfwpfywf&SmazGay;apcsifwJhonfwpfywf&SmazGay;apcsifwJhonfwpfywf&SmazGay;apcsifwJhonfwpfywf&SmazGay;apcsifwJhI SPYav;awGudkwifjyay;vdkufygw,f aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhapcsifygw,f/av;awGudkwifjyay;vdkufygw,faysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhapcsifygw,f/av;awGudkwifjyay;vdkufygw,f aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhapcsifygw,f/av;awGudkwifjyay;vdkufygw,faysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhapcsifygw,f/av;awGudkwifjyay;vdkufygw,f aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhapcsifygw,f/

    1/ ig;rkefY2/ yefum 3/ &wem*sdKifh4/ ausmufql; 5/ a&olr 6/ ykvJ 7/ ck 8/ Mu,foD; 9/ opfawmufiSuf10/ vdyf &wemOD;vdIif&wemOD;vdIif&wemOD;vdIif&wemOD;vdIif&wemOD;vdIif

    ,ciftywfrS tquf,ciftywfrS tquf,ciftywfrS tquf,ciftywfrS tquf,ciftywfrS tqufeef;,Gef;rSm 0efxrf;rsm;rsm;pm;pm;&Sd[efrwl? w&m;a&;0efxrf;rsm;

    vnf; 0ifNyD;vkyftm;ay;aeMuwmawGU&onf/ eef;,Gef;w&m;kH;rSmvnf;trIr&Sdonfhoabm eef;,Gef;onfoGm;a&;vma&;cufcJonfrdkY wEkdif;ukdyif qkdifu,fu,f&Du usyf 7 aomif;rS usyfwpfodef;ausmftxdaps;aygufonf[kMum;&onf/ wEkdif;onfucsifjynfe,f ppfukdif;wkdif;

    a'oBuD;wkdY\ e,fedrdwfNrdKUjzpfonf/ wcsKdUu &efukefukdvmrnfqkdvQifwEkdif;? jrpfBuD;em;bufrS avaMumif;vdkif;ESifhvmMu&onfhoabm/uRefawmfwkdYtwGufaezkdYxkdifzkdYpm;zkdYaomufzdkYeef;,Gef;a'ocHrsm;tay:rnfrQ0efrdoGm;rnfvnf;[kpOf;pm;rdaomtcg tajy;tvTm;{nfhcHae&olrsm;ukd tm;emoGm;cJhonf/

    uRefawmfwkdY rdwfaqGBuD; em*wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifOD;*lpHusL;uawmhbmvkdtyfovJ[k {nfh0wfaus>yefpGmar;&Smonf/ EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;twGufawmhtm;vkH;vkdtyfay;rnf/ odkYaomfurmywfaeMuolrsm;jzpfonfhtwGufjzpfovdkaewwfMu[efwlonf/ olwkdYu oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;rvmEkdifaomfvnf; eef;,Gef;aq;kHukdoGm;MunfhcsifMuonf/ukovkdY&vQifukoay;csifonfrod? q&mrwpfOD;\ zcifjzpfolqkdifu,farSmufxm;onfukdawGUcJhMuonf[kod&onf/ tqkdyg vlemukdppfukdif;

    ykdYzkdYndEIdif;aeMuoHMum;&onf/ oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;xHokdYvnf; tajctaeawGvSrf;NyD;avQmufxm;Mu[ef&Sdonf/ eef;,Gef;jynfolUaq;kHqkdonfuvnf; usef;rma&;0efBuD;vufatmufrSmjzpf b,fvf*sD,Horm;awmfBuD;rsm; crsmvnf; apwemygonfqkdjim;vnf; tuefYtowfrlabmifrsm;ukdausmfvGef r&Ekdifwmawmhaocsmrnfjzpfonf/ b,fvf*sD,Horm;awmftzGJUonfreuftapmBuD;awmifay:wufMunfhcsifonf

    qkd oDw*ltaxmuftuljyKtzGJUcrsm acgif;cJukefMu&jyefonf/awmifay:wuf? awmwkd;um A[kokw&SmMuvkd[ef&SdykH&onf/ e,fajrtajctaeu at;csrf;onfqkdaomfvnf; pdwfcs r&Ekdif? [kdwkef;uvkdvrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;u cufcJaewkef;jzpfonf/ ,cifu cED;rSjrpfBuD;em;odkYav,mOfpD;? xkdrSwpfqifhwEkdif;? &SifabG&ef? eef;,Gef;ukdvm&jcif;jzpfonf/ eef;,Gef;rSwpfqifhyef;aqmif(yefaqmif)ukdoGm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ [kdwkef;u cED;rSvmvrf;twkdif;oGm;Mu&? cED;? v[,f? 'kH[D;?eef;,Gef;? yef;aqmif(yefaqmif)c&D;onfwpfvcGJcefYMumwwfatmifrSwfom;&zl;onf/ ckvkdrsKd;EkdifiHawmftpDtpOfjzifh&[wf,mOfESifhvm&onfrsKd;r[kwf[kdwkef;u ppfum;? opfum;? Xmeqkdif&mum;rsm;om tm;ukd&aomacwfvnf;jzpfonf/ wcsKdUu wwfEdkif&if qifiSg; oGm;wwfMuonf[kqkdonf/

    qufvufazmfjyygrnf/qufvufazmfjyygrnf/qufvufazmfjyygrnf/qufvufazmfjyygrnf/qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    11/409

    "rapwDacgif;avmif;awmfBuD;ukdaTwd*Hkukef;awmfay: tjrefqHk;wifvSL&efpDpOfae? EdkifiHawmfukdwifjyNyD;rSw&m;0ifowif;xkwfjyefrnf[kOD;pHvif;ajymMum;

    "rapwDacgif;avmif;awmfBuD;ukd ok"rrPdaZmw"& OD;pHvif;OD;aqmifonfhtzGJUu aTwd*Hkukef;awmfay: ta&mufykdYaqmifrnf[kajymqdkvsufjrpfoHk;cGqdkifwGifq,f,la&;vkyfief;rsm;aqmifGufaecJh&m *,ufrsm;pGmjzpfay:aeaMumif;avhvmawGUSd&onf/ pufwifbmv (18) &ufaeY? rGef;vGJykdif;u vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fu OD ;pHvif;ukdqufoG,far;jref;csuftjynfhtpHkukd odkYazmfjyvdkufygonf/

    ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;qD uRefawmfwdkYu a&mufNyD;NyD/ q&mewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;qD uRefawmfwdkYu a&mufNyD;NyD/ q&mewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;qD uRefawmfwdkYu a&mufNyD;NyD/ q&mewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;qD uRefawmfwdkYu a&mufNyD;NyD/ q&mewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;qD uRefawmfwdkYu a&mufNyD;NyD/ q&mawmfrdefYMum;csufukd b,fvdkjznfhajymcsifygovJ/awmfrdefYMum;csufukd b,fvdkjznfhajymcsifygovJ/awmfrdefYMum;csufukd b,fvdkjznfhajymcsifygovJ/awmfrdefYMum;csufukd b,fvdkjznfhajymcsifygovJ/awmfrdefYMum;csufukd b,fvdkjznfhajymcsifygovJ/

    bmrSajymp&mrSdbl;/ uRefawmfu bmowif;rSrxkwfbJxm; xm;wmav/ uGsefawmfwdkYuawmhtrSefajymr,fqdktjrefqHk;aTwd*Hkukef;awmfay:wifzdkY uGsefawmfwdkY pDpOfaewmyg/

    OD;oef; GefYu aumh aomi f;rS majy mvdku fawm h tJ' Dowi f;uOD;oef; GefYu aumh aomi f;rS majymvdkufawm h tJ'Dowif ;uOD;oef; GefYu aumh aomi f;rS majy mvdku fawm h tJ' Dowi f;uOD;oef; GefYu aumh aomi f;rS majymvdkufawm h tJ'Dowif ;uOD;oef; GefYu aumh aomi f;rS majy mvdkufawm h tJ'Dowif ;utawmf ysHUESH YoGm;w,fav/ tJ'gbmajymcsifvJ/tawmf ysHUESH YoGm;w,fav/ tJ'gbmajymcsifvJ/tawmf ysHUESH YoGm;w,fav/ tJ'gbmajymcsifvJ/tawmf ysHUESH YoGm;w,fav/ tJ'gbmajymcsifvJ/tawmf ysHUESH YoGm;w,fav/ tJ'gbmajymcsifvJ/

    bmrSrajymcsifbl;av/ olUtodmPfeJY olUzmomol ajymwmukd;/olwdkYjyefcsifvkdY jyefoGm;wmukd;/

    OD;p Hvif;wdkY qufvky faewkef;y Jayg haemf /OD;p Hvif;wdkY qufvky faewkef;y Jayg haemf /OD;p Hvif;wdkY qufvky faewkef;y Jayg haemf /OD;p Hvif;wdkY qufvky faewkef;y Jayg haemf /OD;p Hvif;wdkY qufvky faewkef;y Jayg haemf /qufvkyfaeygw,f/ uGsefawmfwdkYukef;awmfay: tjrefqHk;wifvSLzdkYyJ

    BudK;pm;aewmyg/ usefwJh[mawmhowif;awGbmawGrxkwfjyefbl;av/owif;xkwfjyefawmhvnf; b,fvdkjzpfvmvJqdkawmh apmfum;wJholursm;aewmukd;/

    OD;0if;j rifhaum twlSdw,fr[kwfvm;/OD;0if;j rifhaum twlSdw, fr[kw fvm;/OD;0if;j rifhaum twlSdw, fr[kwfvm;/OD;0if;j rifhaum twlSdw, fr[kw fvm;/OD;0if;j rifhaum twlSdw, fr[kwfvm;/[kwfuJh Sdygw,f/ tm;vHk; bmrSrjzpfygbl;/owif;xkwfjyefrItykdif;uaum/owif;xkwfjyefrItykdif;uaum/owif;xkwfjyefrItykdif;uaum/owif;xkwfjyefrItykdif;uaum/owif;xkwfjyefrItykdif;uaum/uGsefawmfrSowif;rSrxkwfao;wm/ uGsefawmfxkwfEdkifwJhtwdkif;

    uGsefawmfhudpuRefawmf[mtm;vHk; uRefawmfodoavmuf uRefawmfh[muRefawmfwm0ef,lNyD; xkwfcJhwmukd;/ tckvnf; aTwd*Hkukef;awmfay:tjrefqHk;wifvSLzdkYyJ'gyJuGsefawmfpDpOfaewmyg/ EdkifiHawmfukdwifjyNyD;rSw&m;0ifowif;xkwfjyefawmhr,f/

    b,favmufMumOD;rvJ/b,favmufMumOD;rvJ/b,favmufMumOD;rvJ/b,favmufMumOD;rvJ/b,favmufMumOD;rvJ/

    uRefawmfwdkYu jrefrmhenf;jrefrmh[efqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkYrSmajymvdkYr&bl;av/ Oyrmwpfck uRefawmfajymjyr,f/ vdkif;um;pD;wJhtcgusawmh b,ftcsdefa&mufrvJar;vdkufvdkYum;orm;awGu tJ'Dvlukdkdufawmifkdufcscsifwm/ oabmaygufvm;rodbl;/ tckvnf;uRefawmfwdkYrSm ajymvdkYr&bl;/

    OD;p Hvif; usef; rma&;tajctae b,fvd kSdvJ /OD;pHvif; usef; rma&;tajctae b,fvdk SdvJ/OD;p Hvif; usef; rma&;tajctae b,fvdk SdvJ/OD;pHvif; usef; rma&;tajctae b,fvdk SdvJ/OD;p Hvif; usef; rma&;tajctae b,fvdk SdvJ/usef;rma&;u bmrSrjzpfygbl;/ 'gayr,fhtvJawmhxdk;aewmMu

    wmaygh (&,fvsuf)/ avjzwfwmwdkY? usef;rma&;raumif;wmwdkY?OD;aESmufeJYtmHkaMumarsmaewmwdkY? ysufpD;oGm;NyDwdkY/ tvSLSifawGeJYEdkifiHolEdkifiHom;? ckepfom;orD; awmifhwaewJhudpukd uGsefawmfutjrefqHk;aqmifGufzdkYyJ aqmifGufaewmyg/

    ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;eJY b,fvdkoabmwlnDcsufSdovJ/ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;eJY b,fvdkoabmwlnDcsufSdovJ/ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;eJY b,fvdkoabmwlnDcsufSdovJ/ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;eJY b,fvdkoabmwlnDcsufSdovJ/ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;eJY b,fvdkoabmwlnDcsufSdovJ/

    bmrSrSdygbl;/ ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfbk&m;u olUzmomolvmw,f/ aygufaygufawGeJYe*g;awGukd'gejyKay;ygw,f/ arwmykdYay;w,f/tJ'gyJvkyfw,f/ uRefawmfeJYvnf; trSefajymr,fqdk&ifq&mawmfeJY'DvdkwpfcgrSawmif t&ifurawGUzl;ao;bl;/

    aTa&mife*g;rif;BuD; qDrD;ylaZmfaew,fvdkY owif;xkwfwmukdaTa&mife*g;rif;BuD; qDrD;ylaZmfaew,fvdkY owif;xkwfwmukdaTa&mife*g;rif;BuD; qDrD;ylaZmfaew,fvdkY owif;xkwfwmukdaTa&mife*g;rif;BuD; qDrD;ylaZmfaew,fvdkY owif;xkwfwmukdaTa&mife*g;rif;BuD; qDrD;ylaZmfaew,fvdkY owif;xkwfwmukdq&mawmfu b0ifrusbl;/ vwfwavm xkwfrajymoifhao;bl;vdkYq&mawmfu b0ifrusbl;/ vwfwavm xkwfrajymoifhao;bl;vdkYq&mawmfu b0ifrusbl;/ vwfwavm xkwfrajymoifhao;bl;vdkYq&mawmfu b0ifrusbl;/ vwfwavm xkwfrajymoifhao;bl;vdkYq&mawmfu b0ifrusbl;/ vwfwavm xkwfrajymoifhao;bl;vdkYewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;u trdefYSdw,f/ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;u trdefYSdw,f/ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;u trdefYSdw,f/ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;u trdefYSdw,f/ewfpifwpf&mq&mawmfBuD;u trdefYSdw,f/

    'gvnf; uGsefawmfajymjyr,fAsm/ uGsefawmfhudpuGsefawmfodw,f/uGsefawmfhudpu uGsefawmfuvGJNyD; b,folrSodwmrSr[kwfwm/ uGsefawmfhudpuGsefawmfyJvkyfygw,f/ uGsefawmfuapmfum;aewJhvlawGrapmfum;&atmifqdkNyD;xkwfjyefay;wmSdygw,f/ uGsefawmfhukdb,f avmuftxdapmfum;aeovJqdkwme*g;qdkwmSdvm;? rSdvm;aygh/ tJ'Dvdkr,HkwJhvlawmxJrSmq,fESpfavmufoufoufvGwfpm;NyD;usifhcdkif;vkduf/ (10)ESpfjynfhwJhaeYrSm e*g;taMumif;odoGm;vdrfhr,f/ vG,fwJhudpr[kwfbl;/bk&m;ukdr,HkwJhvlawG avQmufajymaewm/ jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufuwnf;u rkpvdEmtdkifrSm e*g;rif;ukd,fwdkif jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd yg;ysOf;

    axmifNyD;rdk;cJh&wJhjzpfpOfSdaewmyJ/ tckvnf; EdkifiHwumu N*dKvfwktvHk;wpf&mavmufuacgif;avmif;Sd? rSdaeYwdkif;prf;aewmyJ/ 'gayr,fhb,favmufyJprf;prf; r&bl;av/ uGsefawmfwdkYu jrefrmhenf;jrefrmh[ef?

    jrefrmhtqifhjrifhenf;ynmqdkwm omreftqifhrSr[kwfwm/ t&d,m0dZm?t&d,ma'0gawGu Sdaewmukd;/ t&d,m0dZm? t&d,ma'0g em;rvnfbl;qdkawmhbdk;awmfodMum;qdkwma&m olwdkYodovm;/ "w&|? 0dlvu?0dlyu? uka0&qdkwJhewfrif;BuD;av;yg;ukdodovm;/ tck xGuf&yfaygufyk*dKvfawG? q&mawmfBuD;awGSdw,f/ tcktbbdk;rif;acgifqdkwmomrefrSr[kwfwm/ ar;omMunfhyg U U U acgifav;acgifqdkwm bmvJqdkwm/ olwdkYu 'gawGu em;rSrvnfwJhudp/ em;vnfatmifvnf;rBudK;pm;MubJav/ olwdkYu tifwmeuftwdkif;yJ/ tifwmeufrSm azhpfbkwfkdufwmukd txifBuD;aewmukd;/ jrefrmhenf;jrefrm h[efqdkwmukdbmrSawmifem;rvnfbl;/ txifvnf;rBuD;Mubl;/ 'Dacgif;avmif; awmfBuD; ukef;awmfay:a&mufvmwJhtcgusrStm;vHk;u todtrSwfjyKMurSmukd;/ tJ'DtwGufacgif;avmif;awmfBuD; tjrefqHk;wifvSLzdkYpDpOfaewmyg/

    tJ'DMum;xJrSm tzsufawGuawmhodwJhtwdkif;yJ/ tckxufxdvnf;tzsufSdwkef;yJ/ a&ikyform;awG[dk[mauGs;? 'D[mauGs;? a&ikyform;awGjyefoGm;rS igyJvkyfr,fqdkNyD; zsufwJhvlu Sdao;w,f/ trsm;BuD;yg/uGsefawmfwdkYu 'gawGajymr,fqdk&if ajymvdkYrukefbl;/

    aemufNyD; OD;oef;GefYu tzdk;tcr,lbJ vmvkyfay;w,fvdkYaemufNyD; OD;oef;GefYu tzdk;tcr,lbJ vmvkyfay;w,fvdkYaemufNyD; OD;oef;GefYu tzdk;tcr,lbJ vmvkyfay;w,fvdkYaemufNyD; OD;oef;GefYu tzdk;tcr,lbJ vmvkyfay;w,fvdkYaemufNyD; OD;oef;GefYu tzdk;tcr,lbJ vmvkyfay;w,fvdkYajymw,f/ tJ'g [kwfygovm;/ajymw,f/ tJ'g [kwfygovm;/ajymw,f/ tJ'g [kwfygovm;/ajymw,f/ tJ'g [kwfygovm;/ajymw,f/ tJ'g [kwfygovm;/

    tJ'gukdtvSLSifukdoGm;wdkifw,fav/ tvSLSifukdoGm;wdkifvkdYtvSLSifawmif uGsefawmfhtay:pdwfuGufoGm;w,f/ aemufawmh 'DrSmvmawmhrS uGsefawmfwdkYu twdtusSif;jyxm;wmukd;/ a&ikyform;wpfa,mufukdig;odef;ausmf? ajcmufodef;avmufolwdkY&xm;NyD;NyD/ tm;vHk;pm&if;Z,m;eJYuGsefawmfwkdYrSmSdygw,f/ av,mOfp&dwfawGutp pm;p&dwf? qef? qD? qm;? yJ? ikwf? MuufoGef? tcsdKrIefY? ig;aowmutpaygh tm;vHk;pm&if;Z,m;eJYSdygw,f/ tJ'gawmif uGsefawmfwkdYuvufrSwfxdk;cdkif;xm;vdkYaemf/ vufrSwfomrxdk;cdkif;&ifb,favmufajymOD;r,frodbl;/

    a&ikyform;awGu aumhaomif;uyJwJh/ qvHkr[kwfbl;vdkYajyma&ikyform;awGu aumhaomif;uyJwJh/ qvHkr[kwfbl;vdkYajyma&ikyform;awGu aumhaomif;uyJwJh/ qvHkr[kwfbl;vdkYajyma&ikyform;awGu aumhaomif;uyJwJh/ qvHkr[kwfbl;vdkYajyma&ikyform;awGu aumhaomif;uyJwJh/ qvHkr[kwfbl;vdkYajymw,f/ qvHkrygbl;vm;/w,f/ qvHkrygbl;vm;/w,f/ qvHkrygbl;vm;/w,f/ qvHkrygbl;vm;/w,f/ qvHkrygbl;vm;/

    qvHkajymwm uGsefawmfrajymygbl;cifAsm/ ukdoef;GefYu xm;0,fom;av/ olvmawmhvnf; olUwl&,f? om;&,f? ajr;awG&,f tm;vHk;ygwm/ tjyifvlqdkvdkYwpfa,mufyJygwm/ a&ikyfwmu tm;vHk;q,fa,mufav/

    tck oabFmay:rSm a&ikyform;b,fESa,mufusefao;vJ/tck oabFmay:rSm a&ikyform;b,fESa,mufusefao;vJ/tck oabFmay:rSm a&ikyform;b,fESa,mufusefao;vJ/tck oabFmay:rSm a&ikyform;b,fESa,mufusefao;vJ/tck oabFmay:rSm a&ikyform;b,fESa,mufusefao;vJ/oHk;a,mufyJSdawmhw,f/oHk;a,mufwnf;eJY qufSmaew,fayghaemf/oHk;a,mufwnf;eJY qufSmaew,fayghaemf/oHk;a,mufwnf;eJY qufSmaew,fayghaemf/oHk;a,mufwnf;eJY qufSmaew,fayghaemf/oHk;a,mufwnf;eJY qufSmaew,fayghaemf/rvdkygbl; 'Davmuftxdvnf;/ uGsefawmfhudp uRefawmfvkyfae

    w,f/ uRefawmfu SmazGa&;r[kwfbl;av/ ukef;awmfay:wifzdkYudpyJpDpOfaewm/

    Smwmu awGUoGm;NyDayghaemf/Smwmu awGUoGm;NyDayghaemf/Smwmu awGUoGm;NyDayghaemf/Smwmu awGUoGm;NyDayghaemf/Smwmu awGUoGm;NyDayghaemf/[kwfw,f/ uGsefawmfu tckSmazGa&;r[kwfbl;/ ukef;awmfay:

    tjrefqHk;wifzdkYpDpOfaewm/ usefwJhtydkif;uawmhaemufrSqufMunfhMuayghAsm/ ukef;ay:a&mufrStm;vHk;ukduRefawmfowif;xkwfjyefay;r,f/ckepfom;orD;awG tjrefqHk;zl;awGU&rSmygAsm /

    [kwfuJh/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/[kwfuJh/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/[kwfuJh/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/[kwfuJh/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/[kwfuJh/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/

    ,cktywfbDbDpDr*Zif;rSya[VdwdkYonftokyfpHkaumif;aumif;wpfyGJpm;vdkuf&ovkdt&om&Sdayvdrhfrnf[kxifygonf/ jrnf;Munfhyg/

    1/ ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdwpfa,mufonf ,lauEkdifiHrSpm;aomufqdkifwpfqdkif\ a&cJaowmxJudk 0i fa&mufppfaq;&m tHhMozG,f&mxl;qef;aom tom;udk&SmazGawGU&SdcJhonf/ rnfonfhtom;rsKd;enf;/

    (1) MopaMw;vsawmacG;wpfrsKd;(2) jcaoFh(3) a0vig;(4) ajracG;

    2/ The Church of England ESifhVatican wdkYESpfzufNydKifupm;

    aomc&pfuwfNydKifyGJwGif'dkifvlBuD;tm; 'dkifvkyfjcif;rSydwfyifjcif;cHvdkuf&onf/ rnfonfht&nftcsif;ESifhrjynfhpHkaomaMumifh[kqdkoenf;/

    (1) rdef;cav;jzpfaomaMumifh(2) bmoma&;udkrav;pm;aom wufwl;xdk; xm;aomaMumifh(3) bmoma&;qdkif&mbufvdkufjcif;rsKd;jzpfrnf qdk;aomaMumifh

    3/ U2 tzGJUonf if;\ t,fvfbeftopfSongs of InnocenceudkiTunes toHk;jyKoltm;vHk;udkvdkcsifonfjzpfap? rvdkcsifonfjzpfaptvum;ay;vkdufonf/ olwdkY\ oDcsif;acgif;pOf rnfodkY aygufzGm;vmoenf;/

    (1) William Blake \ uAsmrsm;xJrS(2) uG,fvGefoGm;aom Steve Jobs \ pmrsm; xJrS(3) Romones \ oDcsif;pmom;xJrS

    4/ 'gdkufwm Mel Brooks onf a[mvD;0k'f\ tcrf;tem;wpfckwGifbdvyfajrwGifvufaAGESdyf&mwGif yHkrSefr[kwfbJ xl;jcm;rIwpfckckvkyfxm;cJhonf/ bmrsm;jzpfoenf;/

    (1) Gene Wilder [kqdkif;xdk;cJhonf(2) vufudk ajymif;jyefESdyfcJhonf(3) vufwpfzufwGifvufacsmif;ydkwpfck&Sdae cJhonf

    5/ tm*sifwD;em;abmvHk;toif; San Lovenzo onfolwdkY\

    abmvHk;uGif;topftrnfudk xkwfazmfaMunmcJhonf/ rnfol\trnfudk *kPfjyK ac:wGifapoenf;/

    (1) Jorge Luis Bores(2) Pope Francis(3) Morrissey

    6/ acsmuvufonf-------twGuf toHk;0ifonf/

    (1) rD;owform;(2) u&m;tdk;(3) a&aEG;tdk;

    7/ wkwfEkdifiHFujian jynfe,frS v,form;rsm;u olwdkYonfpyg;txGufwdk;onfhenf;wpfck&&Sdxm;onf[kqdkonf/ rnfonfhenf;jzpfoenf;/

    (1) Ak'bmomaw;w&m;acGtm; v,fuGif; xJwGifzGifhxm;jcif;tm;jzifh(2) Mao \ Little Red Book xJrS pmydk'f wcsKdUudk&Gwfqdkjcif;tm; jzifh(3) ntcsdef &dwfodrf;jcif;tm;jzifh

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    12/4010

    (1) udkvHbD,mtrsKd;orD; pufbD;tzGJU&JU 0wfpHkausmfMum;&yHkudkvHbD,mtrsKd;orD; pufbD;tzGJU&JU 0wfpHkausmfMum;&yHkudkvHbD,mtrsKd;orD; pufbD;tzGJU&JU 0wfpHkausmfMum;&yHkudkvHbD,mtrsKd;orD; pufbD;tzGJU&JU 0wfpHkausmfMum;&yHkudkvHbD,mtrsKd;orD; pufbD;tzGJU&JU 0wfpHkausmfMum;&yHkSexist vm;vm;vm;vm;vm; Feminist vm;vm ;vm;vm ;vm ;

    udkvHbD,mtrsKd;orD; pufbD;tzGJUonftDwvD\ ta&;ygaompufbD;NydKifyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifvQuf&Sdonf/ ,cktcg pufbD;NydKifyGJtaMumif; b,folrSta&;vkyfumrajymMubJudkvHbD,mtrsKd;orD; pufbD;tzGJU\0wfpHkonfom urmausmf ajymprSwfjzpfvmcJh&onf/ aqG;aEG;Mu&onf/ rSwfcsuftrsKd; rsKd;csMuonf/ xdk0wfpHkudk Bogota NrdKUtpdk;&u pyGefqmay;jcif;jzpfonf/ trsKd;orD;\ cg;ESifhwifyg; wpf0dkuf

    wGif tom;a&mift0wfpjzifhcsKyfxm;NyD; trsKd;orD;udk,ft*Fgae&mwGifxif&Sm;pGmyHkazmfxm;aom 0wfpHkjzpfonf/ Union Cycliste Internationale(UCI)toif;Ou| Brian Cookson u Twitter ay:wGif'g[m vlYodumt wdkif;twmudkb,fvdkenf;eJYrS wdkif;wmvdkYr&atmifudkvufcHp&mr[kwfwJhudpjzpfw,f[kqdkonf/ UCI rS udkvHbD,m pufbD;tzGJUcsKyfudkpma&; ydkY olwdkY\ wm0ef&SdrIudkvnf; odap&eftoday;rnf[kqdkonf/pufbD;tdkvHypfr,fa[mif; Nicole Cookeu 'g[m tm;upm;udk[mowpfckvkyfvdkufovdkyJ/ a[hrdef;uav;awGudk,fhudk,fudk,fumuG,fMu?'D0wfpHkrsKd;udkNoajym[kqdkonf/ wcsKdUu 'g[m SexisttrsKd;orD;rsm;udkESdrfcsjcif;[kqdkNyD; wcsKdUuawmh'g[m FeministtrsKd;orD;0g'oauFw[kqdkonf/ pmzwfoluawmhrnfodkYrSwfcsufjyKrnfenf;/ xdk0wfpHk'DZdkif;a&;qGJol'DZdkif;ynm&Sifuawmh'D0wfpHk[m sexist vHk;0r[kwf a,musfm;av;0wfpHkudkvnf; tvm;wl'DZdkif;xGifcJhonf[kqdkum ajz&Sif;cJhonf/

    (2) urmausmfkyf&Sifrif;om; *Refx&mAdkwm olYudk rdef;rvsmurmausmfkyf&Sifrif;om; *Refx&mAdkwm olYudk rdef;rvsmurmausmfkyf&Sifrif;om; *Refx&mAdkwm olYudk rdef;rvsmurmausmfkyf&Sifrif;om; *Refx&mAdkwm olYudk rdef;rvsmurmausmfkyf&Sifrif;om; *Refx&mAdkwm olYudk rdef;rvsmvdifwlqufqHol[k pGyfpGJrIudk yxrqHk;tBudrf wkHYjyefvdifwlqufqHol[k pGyfpGJrIudk yxrqHk;tBudrf wkHYjyefvdifwlqufqHol[k pGyfpGJrIudk yxrqHk;tBudrf wkHYjyefvdifwlqufqHol[k pGyfpGJrIudk yxrqHk;tBudrf wkHYjyefvdifwlqufqHol[k pGyfpGJrIudk yxrqHk;tBudrf wkHYjyef

    vlBudKufrsm;vSaom pG,fpHk&rif;om; usm;usm;vsm;vsm; *Refx&mAdkwmudk ol\ av,mOfrSL;a[mif; Douglass Gotterba u olYtm;tvkyfcefYcJhpOftwGif; olESifh*Refx&mAdkwmwdkYvdifqufqHrI&SdcJhonf[kxkwfazmfajymMum;cJhonf/ Gotterba onf*Refx&mAdkwm\ Alto av,mOfukrPDwGif(6)ESpfMum tvkyfvkyfcJhNyD; 1987 ckESpfwGif olYoabmESifholtvkyfxGufoGm;cJholjzpfonf/ ,cktcgwGif*Refx&mAdkwmESifhGotterbawdkYonfxdkpGyfpGJcsufaMumifhw&m;Hk;wGif trIjzpfae Muonf/ rif;om;x&mAdkwm\ a&SUae Martin Singeru 'g[m ]]emrnfausmfMum;olawGudkpGyfpGJajymqdkrIygyJ? bmaMumifhvJqdkawmhydkufqHvdkcsifvdkYyJaygh}}[kajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/ *Refx&mAdkwmu ]]'Dvdk udprsKd;udkwjcm;vlawGqdk&ifuRefawmfxufydkNyD; jyif;jyif;xefxefwkHYjyefMurSmyg/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfhtaeeJY'DrD'D,mudpawGudkvTwfxm;ay;xm;wm tMumBuD;ygyJ/bmvdkYvJqdkawmh uRefawmfxdef;csKyfvdkY &wJhudprsKd;rS r[kwfwmyJ}}[kqdkonf/ 'gaMumifhvnf; 'DudpBuD;utMumBuD;pGyfpGJajymqdkrI cHaecJh&wmyJ[kxyfajymonf/ owif;axmufrsm;u 'Dvdk*Refx&mAdkwmudkvdifwlqufqHolvdkYpGyfpGJwmudkapmfum;w,fvdkY,lqovm;vdkYar;awmh]]uRefawmfhb0rSm tapmfum;tcHvdkuf &qHk;uawmh uRefawmfhom;aoqHk;oGm;wkef;uygyJ/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm uRefawmf[m [dk;atmufxJudk

    jyKwfusoGm;ovdkcHpm;vdkuf&w,f/ 'DvdkvdifudprsKd;awGudkolrsm;awGuawmhpdwf0ifpm;rSmaygh? 'gayr,fh uRefawmfrdom;pkudk'DvdkudprsKd;awGqGJtoGif;rcHEkdifbl;}}[kajzonf/ rif;om;u qufNyD; ]]wcsKdUrD'D,morm;awG[m wu,fudktqifhtwef;r&Sd? atmufwef;usw,fvdkYuRefawmfcHpm;&w,f}}[kajymoGm; onf/ *Refx&mAdkwm\ touf(16)ESpft&G,fom;onf2009 ckESpfwGifBahamaswGifa[mvD;a';oGm;aepOftwGif;aoqHk;oGm;cJhonf/

    (3) ISIS udk ulydk Y qD;&D;,m;odkY cdk;xGufoGm;ol MopBwD;,m;udk ulydk Y qD;&D;,m;odkY cdk;xGufoGm;ol MopBwD;,m;udk ulydk Y qD;&D;,m;odkY cdk;xGufoGm;ol MopBwD;,m;udk ulydk Y qD;&D;,m;odkY cdk;xGufoGm;ol MopBwD;,m;udk ulydk Y qD;&D;,m;odkY cdk;xGufoGm;ol MopBwD;,m;EkdifiHol q,fausmfouf ESpfa,muf udk,f0ef&SdaeNyD[kqdkEkdifiHol q,fausmfouf ESpfa,muf udk,f0ef&SdaeNyD[kqdkEkdifiHol q,fausmfouf ESpfa,muf udk,f0ef&SdaeNyD[kqdkEkdifiHol q,fausmfouf ESpfa,muf udk,f0ef&SdaeNyD[kqdkEkdifiHol q,fausmfouf ESpfa,muf udk,f0ef&SdaeNyD[kqdk

    Sabina Selimovic (15)ESpfESifh Samra Kesinovic (16)ESpfwdkYonfOa&mywdkufEkdifiHjzpfaom MopBwD;,m;EkdifiHol rsm; jzpfMuonf/wev F mae Y owi f ; r s m ;t& Kesinovic onfw d ku f y G Jw G i f

    usqHk;uG,fvGefcJhNyD[kqdkaomfvnf; ,cktcg t*FgaeYpufwifbmv16 &ufaeYowif;rsm;t& xkdrdef;uav;wpfa,mufrSraoyJ udk,f0efygaqmifaeNyDjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/ xkdowif;onfif;rdef;uav;ESpfa,mufESifh MopBwD;,m;EkdifiHxJrS olrwdkYoli,fcsif;wpfa,mufESifhWhats App rSwpfqifhrufaqhcsfydkY&mrSpHkprf;&&Sdvmaom aemufqHk;owif;jzpfonf/ tqdkygrdef;uav;ESpfa,mufonfChechenvlrsKd;pkxJrSqD;&D;,m;EkdifiHwGifaexdkifolESpfa,mufwdkYESifhvufxyfvdkufonf[k,lqzG,f&Sdonf[k Central European News rS owif; ay;ydkYxm;

    onf/ MopBwD;,m;&yfwyfzGJUESifhInterpol wdkYonfxdkrdef; uav;ESpfa,muf\ Whats App ESifhazhbGwftaumifhrsm;ay:rSwpfqifholwdkYESpfa,mufraoao;aMumif;? usef;rmpGm&SdaMumif; owif;ydkYvmonf/aemufwGif aemufqufwGJudkqufvufpHkprf;vQuf&Sdonf/ MopBwD;,m;&Jrsm;rSmxkdowif;\aemufuG,fwGif ISIS rS aomif;usef;ola,musfm;rsm;&Sd&rnf/ xdkuJhodkYaomvlrsKd;onfxdkrdef;uav;ESpfa,muftm;rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQvlrIuGef&ufudkvGwfvyfpGm toHk;jyKcGifhay;rnfr[kwf[k,lqMuNyD; xdkrdef;uav;ESpfa,muf\ toufudkvnf; csKyfudkifxm;onf[krSwfcsufjyKMuonf/ tmPmydkifrsm;u ISISonfxdkrdef;uav;ESpfa,mufudktoHk;cs aemufxyf wyfom;rsm;&Ekdifap&eftvdkYiSm vli,frsm;udk pnf;Hk;odrf;oGif;aejcif;omjzpfaMumif;qdkonf/MopBwD;,m;tpdk;&u tu,f 'DvdkISIS bufudk0if wdkufcdkufNyD;MopBwD;,m;EkdifiHudkjyef0ifvmrnfqdkvQifrnfoludkrqdk MopBwD;,m;EkdifiHom;tjzpfrSjzpfap cdkvHIcGifhrSjzpfap jywfom;pGmkyfodrf;ypfrnf[kwevFmaeYu aMunmcsufxkwfjyefcJhonf/

    (4) urmhukvor*\urmhukvor*\urmhukvor*\urmhukvor*\urmhukvor*\ Messenger of Peacetrnf cefYtyfjcif;trnf cefYtyfjcif;trnf cefYtyfjcif;trnf cefYtyfjcif;trnf cefYtyfjcif;cH&olcH&olcH&olcH&olcH&ol Leonardo Dicaprio

    urmhukvor*taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyfbefuDrGef;u ,cktywf t*FgaeY nDvmcHwGiftar&duefrif;om; vD,dkem'dk'Dumy&Ddkonfurmhxdyfwef; rif;om;wpfa,mufrQomr[kwfywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;rI? umuG,frIwdkYudktNrJwm0efododvkyfaqmifcJholvlom;wpfOD;vnf;jzpfaomaMumifholYudkMessenger of PeacetjzpfcefYtyfcJhonf/&moDOwkqdk;0g;pGm ajymif;vJaerIudkumuG,f&ef urmwpf0Srf;vHk;wGifxdk;azmufpGm wdk;jrifhaqmif&GufEkdif&ef[kqdkonf/ 'Dumy&Ddkonf1988ckESpfuwnf;uazmifa';&Sif;wpfckxlaxmif urmajrESifh vlom;wdkY[efcsufnDpGmyl;aygif;aexdkifEkdifa&;wdkYudk 0g'jzefYvkyfaqmifcJhonf/tckvmrnfh&moDOwktaMumif; nDvmcHwGif 'Dumy&DdkonfrdefYcGef;ajymMum;ayvdrfhrnf[kbefuDrGef;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ xdknDvmcHwGifurmhEkdifiHaygif; 120 rSacgif;aqmifrsm; wufa&mufMurnfjzpfonf/'Dumy&Ddkuvnf; olYtaejzifh t&rf;*kPf,lygaMumif;ESifh vlYorkdif;aMumif;wpfckwGifta&;ygaomwm0efwpfckudkxrf;aqmif&awmhrnf[k cHpm;&aMumif; ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/

    (5) atmfpumypfwdk;&D;,uf\ uHMurmatmfpumypfwdk;&D;,uf\ uHMurmatmfpumypfwdk;&D;,uf\ uHMurmatmfpumypfwdk;&D;,uf\ uHMurmatmfpumypfwdk;&D;,uf\ uHMurm

    rSwfrdMuao;vm; awmiftmz&duwdkufu ajcESpfzufjzwfxm;wJhvljzLtajy;orm; atmfpumypfwdk;&D;,uf2013 ckESpf cspfolrsm;aeYrSm olYcspfolarmf',faumifrav;&Drmpwif;urfudkaoewf4 csufeJYypfowfvdkufwJhtrIav/ oluawmh &Drmudk &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&SdeJY ypfowfwm r[kwfbl;/ tdrfrSmazmufxGif;0ifwJhvlxifvdkY&Drm0ifaewJha&tdrfcef;xJudkaoewf 4 csufypfvdkufwm[kxGufqdkoGm;cJhonf/w&m;olBuD; Thokozile Masipa taejzifhypfwdk&D;,ufonfrdrdudk,frdrdumuG,fonfhtaejzifhaoewfjzifhypfcwf&mrSolYcspfolaumifrav;tm; rxifrSwfbJowfrdoGm;onfqdkonfh tqdkudkvufcHrnfvm;? tjypfcH,lxdkufaom vlowfrI[kqHk;jzwfrnfvm;? BudKwifBuHpnf &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&SdjzifhypfowfcJhonf[koHk;oyfum tqHk;tjzwfay;rnfvm;qdkonfudkwpfurmvHk; apmifhqdkif;aecJhMuonf/ awmiftmz&du EkdifiHonftMurf;zufrIESifh&mZ0wfrIrsm; xlajymaomEkdifiHjzpfonf/ aoewfudkvG,fvG,fudkif? vG,fvG,f toHk;csrIonf xdkjzpf&yfBuD;u rD;armif;xdk;jyaeonf/ North Gauteng High Court rSatmfpumypfwdk;&D;,ufudktjypfcH,lxdkufaom vlowfrI[kNyD;cJhaomaomMumaeYu qHk;jzwfcsufcscJhonf/ xdkqHk;jzwfcsuftay:wGifrauseyfolrsm;u w&m;olBuD;udkNcdrf;ajcmufaeavaomaMumifhw&m;olBuD;vlrJtrsKd;orD; Thokozile Masipa onfvHkNcHKa&;wdk; csxm;&avonf/ atmfpumypfwdk;&D;,uftaejzifhb,fb,frQ tjypf'PfcH&rnfudkatmufwdkbmv(13)&ufaeYwGiftrdefYcsrSwfrnfjzpfonfBudKwifBuHpnf &nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sdjzifh ypfowfcJhonf[kom qHk;jzwfcJhvQif(25)ESpfaxmifeef;pH&Ekdifaomfvnf; ,cktrdefYonfrQrav;eufaomaMumifhxdkxufayghavsmhaomjypf'Pfjzpfrnf[kcefYrSef;&avonf/

    tajzrSefrsm;tajzrSefrsm;tajzrSefrsm;tajzrSefrsm;tajzrSefrsm;

    1/ jcaoFh2/ bmoma&;qdkif&mbufvdkufjcif;rsKd;jzpfrnfqdk;aomaMumifh3/ William Blake \ uAsmrsm;xJrS4/ vufwpfzufwGif vufacsmif;ydkwpfck&SdaecJhonf5/ Pope Francis6/ a&aEG;tdk;7/ Ak'bmomaw;w&m;acGtm; v,fuGif;xJwGifzGifhxm;jcif; tm;jzifh

    Ooredoojrefrmu rdcifESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&; AppjzpfaomMay May (arar) Appudkpwifrdwfquf

    Myanmar Connect2014 nDvmcHwGif Ooredooonfa'ocHjrefrmtifwmeufukrPDwpfckjzpfaomKoe Koe Tech ESifh vufwGJ May May arar[laomrdcifESifh uav;apmifha&Smufa&;usef;rma&; App udkpwifrdwfqufvdkufaMumif; od&Sd&onf/

    zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;wGif jynfoltrsm;\ usef;rma&;u@rsm; jrifhwifa&;udk OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&mwGifwpdkufrwfrwfxm;aom tzGJUtpnf; jzpfonfh PSIESifh twlvufwGJvQuf,if; App udkwDxGifxkwfvkyfjcif;jzpfNyD; 0efaqmifrIonf rdcifESifh&ifaoG;i,frsm;\ usef;rma&; tajctaersm;ESifhowif;rsm;udkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;orD;xk\ vufzsm;rsm;rSwpfqifh owif;tcsuftvufrsm; ,laqmifay;onf h 0efaqmifrIjzpfaMumif;? xdkYtjyifudk,f0efaqmifaepOfumvywfvHk; udk,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;onfusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufonfhowif;rsm;udk yHkrSef&&SdaernfjzpfaMumif;? usef;rma&;txl;MuyfrwfukorIrsm; cH,loifhaom trsKd;orD;rsm;twGufoifhavsmfaom aq;uk

    orIcH,ljcif; rsm;twGufteD;pyfqHk;ESifhtvG,fulqHk; aq;Hkaq;cef;ESifhq&m0efrsm;xHodkYvrf;Tefay;aom tpDtpOfvnf; ,if; App wGifyg&Sdonf/ ,ckqdkvQiftoHk;jyK&vG,fulaom xkdApp udkOoredoo\ oHk;pGJolrdbjynfolrsm;onfGoogle Play Store wGif&,lEkdifNyDjzpfaMumif;?

    GSMA \ mWomen tpDtpOfu Ooredoo udk axmufyHhonfh&efyHkaiGudk toHk;jyK 0efaqmifrIudk tpysKd;cJhMuaMumif;? oHk;pGJolrdbjynfolrsm;udkydkrdktusKd;&Sdaprnfh0efaqmifrIrsm;ay;Ekdif&efoHk;pGJolrsm; toHk;jyKyHk tjyKtrlrsm;udk aocsmpGmavhvm ydkrdkxl;jcm;aom

    t*Fg&yfrsm;ESifhzefwD;rIrsm; xyfrHjznfhqnf;xm;aMumif;?Ooredoo udk oHk;pGJolrdbjynfolrsm;onf May Mayarar App udk tcrJh&,lEkdifaMumif;? jrefrmjynfwGiftem*wfrsKd;qufopfrsm;txd EkdifiHESifht0Srf;wGif&SdaomtrsKd;orD;xk\ usef;rma&;udktjyKoabmaqmifonfhbufrStusKd;xl;rsm;qufwdkuf&&Sdap&ef pD;yGm;a&;t&qGJaqmifEkdifaom yHkpHudkwDxGif&efvnf; Developer rsm;taejzifhtcdkiftrmqHk; jzwfNyD;jzpfaMumif;? Ooredoo jrefrm\ vlrIqufqHa&;ESifh jyefMum;a&; refae*sm a':oD&dMumndKu ]]'Du a&SUavQmufjrefrmEkdifiHwpf0Srf;vHk; utrsKd;orD;xkudk 'DxufydkNyD;aumif;wJh usef;rma&;eJYywfoufwJh0efaqmifrIqdkif&m App awGudkwDxGifoGm;zdkYtpDtpOfawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ Myanmar Connect

    2014 udk vmMuwJh{nfhonfawmfrsm; [m uRefrwdkY&JUMay May arar App udk tifrwef pdwf0ifpm;wmawGUMu&ygw,f/wjznf;jznf;csif; uRefrwdkY&JU App udkoHk;pGJolawGrsm;vmawmhrSmjzpfovdkaq;0g;eJYaq;ukojcif;u@rsm;tjyiftjcm;aomvlrIu@rsm;udkyg uRefr

    wdkYApp u tcGifhtvrf;awGtajrmuftrsm;ay;oGm; rSmjzpfygw,f}}[kajymMum;cJhonf/May May ararqdkaom App onfOoredoo jrefrm\ IdeaBox

    tpDtpOfrSwpfqifhaemufqHk;ay: wDxGifarG;zGm;oefYpifvdkufaom AppjzpfygaMumif;? IdeaBoxonfjrefrmjynfrSoHk;pGJolrdbjynfolrsm;\ b0rsm;wdk;wufajymif;vJEkdifapMu&efjrefrmhenf;ynme,fy,fudkzGHUNzdK;wdk; wufaprnfh jrefrmbmompum;ESifh tifwmeufpmrsufESmrsm;ESifh Applicationrsm;pGm ay:aygufvmap&ef txl;&nf&G,fcsufrsm; xm;&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ YOH

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    13/4011

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    14/4012

    ]]AsKdU vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm}}]]AsKdU vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm}}]]AsKdU vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm}}]]AsKdU vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm}}]]AsKd U vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm}}'D]]vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm}}ukdusKyfMunfhr&mMumNyD/ Munhfr&wJh

    Mum;ubJ a'gufaxmufMunfhaerdw,f/ Munfhav -usKyfwkdYa&eDukd19-3-2012 rSma&mufvmwJh]]vQyfwpfjyuf}}wGJ

    (3)rSwf(80)pm(9)rSm ]]vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm\ rSwfwrf;jzpfygonf/rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufukdrQ xdckdufepfemap&efr&nf&G,fygaMumif;kd; om;pGmtpD&ifcHtyfygonf/}}wJhav/ t[if; ...[if;vkdYbJusKyfoa&mf awmfawmf&,fvkdufrdygw,f/

    26-3-2012 rSma&mufvmwJh ]]vQyfwpfjyuf}} wGJ(3)rSwf(81)pm(38)rSmawmh]]vrf;avQmuft,f'DwmrSwfwrf;wifygonf/ yk*vdcHpm;csufrsm;ukdrSwfwrf;wifjcif;rQomjzpfygonf/ bmrSBuD;BuD;us,fus,fr[kwfygcifAsm;}}wJh/ tvkdav; jrwfpGmbk&m;/ 'if; BuD;BuD;us,fus,fr[kwfayvdkYomy/ t[if;[if;/ 'if;om BuD;BuD;us,fus,fvkyfvkduf&ifawmhbefuDrGef;awmifracsmifbl;a[hvkdYusKyf[pfatmfvkdufcsifoAs/

    2-4-2012 rSm a&mufvmwJhwGJ(3)rSwf(82)pm(35)rSm ]]vrf;avQmuf'kdif,m&Donf vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm\ rSwfwrf;rQomjzpfonf/ onfhxufbmrSykdp&mtaMumif;r&SdygaMumif; kd;om;pGmtpD&ifcHtyfygonf/}}vkdYqkdxm;jyefw,f/ ]]onfhxufbmrSykdp&mtaMumif; r&SdygaMumif;}}qkdwmwpfcsuf/ tJ'Dvkdykdp&mr&SdygqkdwmBuD;ukd]]kd;om;pGmtpD&ifcHtyfygonf}}qkdwmukdwpfcsuf/ usKyfodawmh odaew,faemf/[if;/ xm;awmh bmrSrajymawmhygbl;/

    9-4-2012 rSma&mufvmwJhwGJ(3)rSwf(83)pm(6)rSma&;xm;avwJh]]vrf;avQmuf'dkif,m&Dukd tm;ay;Muolrsm;ukd aus;Zl;wifygonf/tm;r ay;Muolrsm;ukdvnf; aus;Zl;wifygonf}}qkdwmukdzwfvkduf&awmhusKyfa'golykeftBuD;tus,fx/ e*dku aomufjrifuyfaewJhtxJ

    rSm tJ'Dvrf;avQmuft,f'DwmESmEkukdvufoD;eJYxkd;ypfcsifpdwfaygufvma&m/

    b,fES,fhAsm/ ]]tm;ay;Muolrsm;ukdaus;Zl;wifygonf/ tm;ray;Muolrsm;ukdvnf; aus;Zl;wifygonf}}wJh/

    usKyfodyftcH&cufw,fAsm/usKyfodyfepfemw,fAsm/

    2009 rwfv 20 &ufaeYxkwf]]vQyfwpfjyuf}}wGJ(2)rSwf(52)pm(35)rSm ]]vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm[lonf vrf;avQmufaeY&onfh

    t,f'Dwm[k rSwfom;ay;Muapcsifygonf/ vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm[kqkdif;bkwfwyfxm;&NyDqkduwnf;u tb,frSmvQifkH;cef;twnfwus&SdEkdifygtHhenf;/ tb,frSmvQif vufukdifw,fvDzkef;&SdEkdifygtHhenf;/tb,frSmvQiftaumif;qkH;um;&SdEkdifygtHhenf;/ tb,frSmvQif tifwmeuf? vufyfawmhyfESifha[mha[mh&rf;&rf;&SdEkdifygtHhen;f/ tb,frSmvQif0DpuDwjrjr? &SefydefwooESifh[kdw,fwumwGifZdrfusEkdifygtHhenf;/ vrf;avQmuft,f'DwmwGifyDatr&Sd/ pu&Daw&Dr&Sd? pufuyfaMu;r&Sd? tdwfqGJr&Sd? wynfhr&Sd? orD;awmfr&Sd? &nf;pm;awmfrnhfolr&Sd?pyGefqmawmif;rnfholr&Sd/ rsufESmcsKdaoG;rnfholr&Sd? yDaur&Sd? jcif;uyfrnfholr&Sd/ wu,fawmh vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm[lonf]]uavmif}}trnfoufoufomjzpfygonf/ t,f'Dwmr[kwfaom? t,f'DwmvkyfykdifcGifhvnf;r&Sdaom? t,f'Dwm&ykdifcGifhvnf;r&Sdaom vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwmomjzpfygonf/ Oyrmqkd&vQifOD;bkdcsKyfqkdaom yk*dKvfonfOD;bkdcsKyfomjzpf OD;AkdvfcsKyfr[kwfovkdbkdBuD;qkdaom yk*dKvfonfvnf; AkdvfBuD;r[kwfonfh oabmrsKd;jzpfygonf}} [laomta&;tom;zwfcJh&onfukdjyefvnfowd&rdNyD; vrf;avQmuft,f'DwmBuD;ukdoem;oGm;rdjyefonf/ tjrifruyfawmh/ a'gryGawmh/ Munhfr&wmrsKd;rjzpfawmh/ oem;cspfav; cspfvmrdonf/ usKyf(a&eD)usKyf(a&eD)usKyf(a&eD)usKyf(a&eD)usKyf(a&eD)

    rnfokdYjzpfaom 8 DayswGifa&;om;cJhaom vrf;avQmuft,f'DwmtawG;rsm;ESifhywfouf a&;om;cJhaom pmrljzpfygonf/ a&;om;aomuavmif&SifrSm a&eDrS w&m;kH;csKyfa&SUaejzpfygonf/

    2014 pufwi fbm 20 &uf2014 pufwifbm 20 &uf2014 pufwi fbm 20 &uf2014 pufwifbm 20 &uf2014 pufwi fbm 20 &ufjrefrmEkdifiHpma&;q&mtoif;ynm&nfqkay;yGJokdYa&mufonf/ um;

    vrf;ydwfae tcrf;tem;NyD;rSa&mufoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ q&morm;rsm;ukdEIwfqufcsif oGm;a&mufawGUqkH&m 0efxrf;wpfOD;rS ]]ECr[kwf&ifb,folrSr0if&bl;}}vdkYrSmxm;w,f[kqkdojzifhvSnfhjyefcJh&onf/ aMomfaMomf..aMomf../

    I.B.C odkYa&mufonf/ awmf0ifOD;ukdudkaxG;*kPfjyKyGJjzpfonf/ oHtrwfBuD;OD;armifarmifpdk;wifhzdwf ta&mufoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ Seating

    Plan wGif emrnfpm&if;ryg tlaMumifaMumifESifhtjyifxGufxkdifaevkduf

    &onf/ zdfwfpmxJrSmawmhTable 13[kqkdxm;onf/ pdwfxJawmhraumif;?zdwfMum;onfukdu BuD;yGm;a&;*sme,f? r[m*sme,f[kvdyfrl NyD;? RoyalExpress ESifh ykdYjcif;jzpfonfqkdawmh vGJayraygh .../ 'DaeY wGwfyD

    uHraumif;yg[k qkd&rnfvm;/ yg&rDbufrS vSnhftjyefq&mjrwfoQifarmifukdawGU um;BuKHwifac:vmcJhjzpfao;onf/ q&mjrwfoQif armifu ckcsdeftxd ]]eHeufcif;}}tay: oHa,mZOfBuD;rm;oljzpfonf rSmav;pm;zG,fjzpfonf/ 'DaeYkH;ukd FOREVER rSq&mOD;0if;armifvTwfvkdufonfh uav;rsm;a&mufvmMuao;onf/ aus;Zl;yg q&mOD;0if;armfcifAsm;/ eef;,Gef;rS rdwfaqGBuD;AkdvfBuD;pef;rif;zkef;vSrf;qufonf/eef;,Gef;rSm pmMunhfwkdufyJ&SdNyD; pmtkyfr&Sd tultnDvSrf;awmif;jcif;jzpfonf/ pmaytay:awmhtawmfoHa,mZOfBuD;onfhNrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;BuD;jzpfonf/ q&mrsKd;omxuf DVB Debate twGufvSrf;zdwfao;onf/ BudKwifajymrxm; tcsdefr&awmh? q&m awmf0ifOD;pkd;GefYzkef;vSrf;qufonf/ reufjzefawmf0ifESif;qDrSm ajcvsifawmifwuftoif;rS owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJ&Sdonf[k vSrf;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ q&mOD;0if;Nidrf;zkef;vSrf;qufonf/ tEkynmysKd;cif;(2)yPmr 13 OD;trnfpm&if;udpvSrf;ajymjcif;jzpfonf/ umwGef;armifarmifatmifa&mufvmonf/ q&mOD;0if;az? q&may:OD;ouf? q&mcifarmif&ifwkdY 3 OD;yef;csDjyyGJAdEkd;rSmvkyfrnfhudpvmzdwfjcif;jzpfonf/ olESifhq&maZmfarmifxHtyfxm;aom pmtkyf'DZkdif;udprNyD;Muao;[k od& aysmfoGm;onf/

    kyf&Sif10 um; yg0ifjyornfhOa&mykyf&SifyGJawmf&efukefwGifusif;yrnfEkdifiHaygif; ckepf

    EkdifiHrSkyf&Sifrsm; yg0ifjyornfhOa&mykyf&SifyGJawmf(The EuropeanFilm Festival)ud k&efukefNrdKUaejynfawmfkyf&SifHkwGifpufwifbm

    25 rS atmufwdkbm5&uftxdusif;yjyKvkyfoGm;rnf[kqdkonf/

    Oa&mykyf&SifyGJawmfudk jrefrmEkdifiHqdkif&m qGpfZmvefoHHk;u jyifopfoHHk;^jyifopf,Ofaus;rIESifh bmompum;Xme? tdkif,mvefoHHk;?tpa&;oHHk;? tDwvDoHHk;? xdkenf;wl NAdwdoQaumifpDESifh *smref,Ofaus;rIESifh bmompum;Xme Goethe-Institut wdkYESifhyl;aygif;umpDpOfusif;yjcif;jzpfygonf/ ,if;tjyif jrefrmEkdifiHqdkif&m Oa&myor*udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUuvnf; kyf&SifyGJawmftm; axmufyHhulnDoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/

    kyf&SifyGJawmfumv 11 &uftwGif; pkpkaygif; kyf&Sif 10 um;jyornfjzpfNyD; wpf&ufvQif nae 6 em&DcGJ wpfBudrf? rGef;vGJ 3

    em&DcGJwpfBudrf jyooGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ 0ifaMu;rSm tcrJhjzpfNyD; vufrSwfrsm;udk kyf&SifrpwifrD wpfem&DrS kyf&SifjyocsdefrwdkifrD 15 rdepftxd &&SdEkdifrnf[kqdkonf/

    yg0ifjyoonfhkyf&Sifum;rsm;\ t&nftaoG;ESifhtrsKd;rsKd;taxGaxG pHkvifrIaMumifh Oa&mykyf&SifyGJawmfudk vlodrsm;NyD; pdwful;,OfZmwfvrf;? rSwfwrf;um;rsm;ESifh umwGef;kyf& Sifrsm;yg0ifjyornfjzpfaMumif;? ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; rwlnDaom kyf&Sifum;rsm; wifqufjyoNyD;,if;kyf&Sifrsm;teuf trsm;tjym;rSm EkdifiHwumqkrsm; &cJhonfhZmwfum;rsm;jzpfygaMumif;? ,refESpfuESifhEdIif;,SOfygu ,ckESpfwGiftvGrf;ZmwfESifh[moZmwfjrL; kyf&Sifrsm; tenf;i,fydkaMumif;? NcHKiHkqdkygu

    kyf&SifyGJawmfonf jynfhpHk

  • 7/27/2019 Snap Shot_Vol.4 No.100

    15/4013

    wpfEdkifiHvHk;SdoHCmawmfrsm; oabmwlqEvufrSwfrsm;jzifhoHCtzGJYtpnf;zGJYpnf;ay;&efa&T0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;(7)ESpfjynfhwGifawmif;qdk

    &efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18&efukef pufwifbm 18oHCtzGJYtpnf;tajccHpnf;rsOf;rsm;udkwpfEdkifiHvHk;SdoHCm awmfrsm;

    \ oabmwlqEjyKvufrSwfrsm;&,ltaumiftxnfazmfa&;qGJay;&ef

    a&T0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;(7)ESpfjynfhtcrf;tem;wGif oHCmawmfrsm;uawmif;qdkvdkufonf/

    a&T0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;(7)ESpfjynfhtcrf;tem;udkpufwifbm (18)

    \ zGJUpnf;yHkESifhr@dKif(3) &yfonfqdkS,