Smartcare the new avatar of healthcare

Smart Care – The New Avatar of Healthcare

Dr. SB BhattacharyyaMBBS, MBA, FCGP

Member, EMR Standards Committee, MoH&FW, GoIMember, Health Informatics Sectional Committee, MHD

17, BISPresident (2010 – 2011), IAMI

Hony. State Secretary (2015), IMA Haryana

The times they are a’Changin…Bob Dylan (1964)

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Healthcare Internet of Things (HIoT)


“Smart” Care, Not “Sick” Care


Big Data in Healthcare

• High Volume• Data from all sorts of sources in electronic format

• High Velocity• Data from devices, monitors and variety of systems continuously streaming in

24x7

• High Variety• Data is in almost all types

• High Veracity• Data sources are dependable as they are mostly known



• Sources of data• Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/NCF-enabled personal healthcare monitoring devices,

wearables

• Smartphones/smart devices (iPod, iPad, etc.)

• Radio-diagnostic imaging devices

• Electronic medical records/health records

• Social media



• Data Types• Textual: EHR and clinical and nursing informatics systems

• Numeric: lab systems and devices

• Coded: EHR and devices

• Audio: EHR and lab systems

• Image: EHR and radio-diagnostic systems

• Video: EHR and radio-diagnostic systems

• Waveforms: monitors and devices

• Streaming binary data: wearables, bio-sensors, monitors


Types of Data Analysis

• Prediction• Classification

• Regression

• Latent Knowledge Estimation

• Structure Discovery• Clustering

• Factor Analysis

• Domain Structure Discovery

• Network Analysis

• Relationship mining• Association rule mining

• Correlation mining

• Sequential pattern mining

• Causal data mining

• Distillation of data for human judgment

• Discovery with models


Machine Learning Techniques Used


Algorithm Application Areas

Linear Regression Cost predictions

Logistic Regression Likely outcomes (treatment/intervention)

Neural Networks Likely outcomes (treatment/intervention)

Support Vector Machines In place of linear / logistic regression

Classification (Decision Tree, OneR) and Clustering (K-Means, Cobweb)

Finding groups (clusters) of similar observations like clinical outcomes

Principal Component Analysis Data and image compression

Anomaly Detection (Signal Detection)Any significant observation (signal) amongst a ton of observations (noise)

Recommender Systems (Collaborative Filtering & Market Basket Analysis)

Drug & treatment suggestions based on care provider/patient/peer preferences - personalised medicine

Predictive Analytics

• Data pre-processing and visualisation

• Attribute selection

• Classification (OneR, Decision trees)

• Prediction (Nearest neighbour)

• Clustering (K-means, Cobweb)

• Association rules


Application Areas

• Operational• Administrative

• Clinical

• Nursing

• Predictive• Clinical decision support

• Outcomes (prognostics) assessment

• Readmission prevention

• Adverse event avoidance

• Disease management

• Patient matching

• Personalised medicine


“Intelligent” Healthcare

• Application uses advance algorithms, logic and/or artificial intelligence to simulate and/or replicate the decision-making process and guidance of expert clinicians

• Gathering data passive and/or actively from sensors, devices and human input to both understand the current health status of the user and provide confirmation or corrective guidance

New Face of Health Care…


All images sourced from the Internet (Google Search) and used in good faith to help illustrate the point being made…


Smartcare the new avatar of healthcare

Healthcare

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