Smart Grid TechnologyPrinciple and Application

Smart Grid Measurement and Control

Krischonme Bhumkittipich, D.Eng., SM-IEEEDepartment of Electrical Engineering

Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand

E-mail: krischonme.b@en.rmutt.ac.th

Curriculum VitaeKrischonme Bhumkittipich, D.Eng.(Energy)

q Associate Professor in Electrical Engineering, RMUTT.q Director of Graduate School, RMUTT.q Research Associated at

q Asian Institute of Technologyq RWTH-Aachen University

q Publications: >100 papers (Both TH and EN)q Research Interest:

q Power System Dynamic and Stabilityq Power System Interconnectionq Smart Grid Technology

q Teachingq Advanced Mathematicsq Computer-Aided Power System Analysisq Optimization Technique & AI on Power Systemq Power System Dynamic and Stabilityq Smart Grid Technology

Smart Grid Technology: Principle and Application

Krischonme Bhumkittipich 2

Outline

l Background of Electrical Power SystemØ presented by Dr. Krischonme Bhumkittipich (KB)

l Smart Grid Concept and TechnologyØ presented by Dr. Krischonme Bhumkittipich (KB)

l Smart Grid Measurement and ControlØ presented by Dr. Krischonme Bhumkittipich (KB)

l Application of Smart Grid TechnologyØ presented by Dr. Yuttana Kongjeen

Smart Grid Technology: Principle and Application

Krischonme Bhumkittipich 3

Physical Structures

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

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Energy Management Systems

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Hierarchical Control Structure

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Time Scales of Power System Control

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Schematic Diagram of a Steam-Turbine Generator

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Basic Generator Control Loops

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Reactive Power and Voltage Control

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Real Power and Frequency Control

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Automatic Generation Control (AGC)

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Purpose of AGC

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3 Components of AGC

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Basic Control Theory

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Basic Frequency Control Loops

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Real Power Control: Block Diagram

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Generator Model

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Generator Model: Block Diagram

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Load Model

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Load Model: Block Diagram

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Generator-Load Model

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Turbine (Prime Mover) Model

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Governor Model

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Governor Model: Block Diagram

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Turbine-Governor Model

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Speed-Power Relationship

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The Unit for Regulation (R)

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Static Speed-Power Curve

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Example

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Example

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AGC for Single Generator

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Steady-State Frequency Calculation: Without Load Damping

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Steady-State Frequency Calculation: With Load Damping

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Example

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Example

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Example

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AGC for Multiple Generators

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Power Balance Equation at Each Bus

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Load Power Equation

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Turbine Mechanical Power Output

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AGC for Multiple Generators

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Tie-line Model

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Tie-Line Block Diagram

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AGC for Two Generators

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Static Speed-Power Characteristic

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Steady State Frequency Calculation

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Note that…

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NERC Control Areas

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Simplified Control Model

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Area Frequency Response Characteristic “β”

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Area Frequency Response Characteristic “β” with Load Damping

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Example

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Power Pool Operation

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AGC for Multi Areas

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Area Control Error (ACE)

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Frequency Bias Setting “B”

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ACE: Tie-Line Bias Control

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AGC for 2-Area with Tie-line Bias Control: Block Diagram

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AGC for 2-Area with Tie-line Bias Control : Static Speed-Power Curve

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Example

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Example Frequency Calculation

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Example ACE Calculation

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Example: Control Action

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ERCOT Frequency Plot

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ERCOT ACE

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Economic Dispatch

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