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Smart Energy SystemsLaboratory

Overview

Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University

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Background

SmartC2Net, EU‐FP7 (€ 4.9M), 2012‐2015 www.smartc2net.euMission: To develop, implement and validate robust solutions that enable Smart Grid operation on top of heterogeneous off‐the‐shelf communication infrastructures with varying propertiesGoals: i) to provide a reliable energy infrastructure at low infrastructure costs ii) to position the capabilities of telecommunication operators and energy system integrators in the Smart Grid value 

chain creating benefits for all stake‐holders

External Generation Site UC defined in July 2013

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Background

Other Inputs • Need for Real‐Time control testing for renewable generation including ICT components in a controlled environment• Deployment of Real‐Time data collection and utilization in a controlled environment• Need for Real‐Time development and deployment of hierarchical and distributed control structures in Smart Grid 

applications

Focus Area of Intelligent Energy Systems and Active Networks Research Programme (AAU)• Grid integration of Distributed Generation (including Wind Power, PV‐systems and Combined Heat and Power Plants) and Flexible Loads (Heat Pumps, Electric Vehicles, Electric Boilers, Electrolysers, etc.)• Smart metering, Demand Response and Demand Side Management• Power to Heat (P2H), Power to Gas (P2G), Power to storage and transportation systems (V2G)• Energy Storage technologies and Energy Management• Hierarchical and Distributed Control Architectures including ICT• Electric Distribution System Analysis (LV/MV), Optimal Power Flow (deterministic/probabilistic)• Stability & Reliability of Power systems, Power compensation devices and systems.• Fault calculation, Localisation and Relay protection• Power Quality and Power conditioning (including inter‐harmonics and sub‐harmonics)• Network planning including long term and short term Forecast methods

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Smart Grid Architecture Model

Reference: CEN-CENELEC-ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group

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Initial Lab Architecture

July 2013

25k EUR SC2N

55k EUR CWO

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Time-Line

October 2013

December 2013

March 2014

Location #1

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Time-Line

April 2014

September 2014

Location #2

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Time-Line

November 2014Location #3

January 2015

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Time-Line

20th November 2015

Location #4

1st December 2015

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Architecture

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ComponentsCabinet  Cabinet name Equipment

1 ICT Layer

GB Switch + NAS HDD Network Emulator server Traffic Generator server Virtual Smart Meter Server Central Energy Management System Server Cyber Security Threats Server (in progress) Visualization server Multi‐CPU PC

2 DSO Control Layers

Demand response PC Primary substation control PC + UC500 Secondary substation control PC LVGC (GSmart)

3 Plant Control Industrial Plant Controller (Bachmann) PC

4 DER Emulator DER Power Stages PC

5 Smart Metering Setup 2 x single‐phase smart  meters 2 x three‐phase smart meters

6 Flexible Load single‐phase controllable AC load 3 phase AC loads (in progress) PC

7 Real‐Time Digital Simulator Opal‐RT

8 Power Linear Amplifier (Grid Simulator) Fully 4Quadrant controllable Power Supply/Sink

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Mapping of Domains/Layers

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Network Emulator & Traffic Generator

Technologies: xDSL, 3G, LTETraffic generation based on measurements

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Real‐Time Grid Simulation

Modified MV/LV grid nearby Aalborg

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Challenges

• Getting additional funding “just in time”• Suppliers

– Establishing specifications– Finding supplier– Establishing final configuration– Getting quotation

• Realization– Flexibility & Mobility– Custom mechanical mounting of components– Power supply, protection & safety regulations in lab– ICT infrastructure and settings

• Integration– HW ‐> interfaces– SW especially legacy protocols & OS

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Milestones

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Key Features

• Implement electrical, thermal, hydraulic and mechanical domain in Real‐Time HIL and Power HIL framework• Extensive Real‐Time simulations based on Opal‐RT platform

• Up to 600 nodes /200 3‐phase buses EMT• Up to 10000 3‐phase buses RMS

• Internal GB Ethernet LAN– Different technologies: xDSL, LTE, 3G, RF– Stochastic traffic modelling, Trace based traffic generation– Peformance changes and congestions, Online / offline reconfiguration– Mapping of GIS data

• Different Communication Protocols : IEC 61850 MMS/SV/GSE, IEC60870 104, DLMS, UDP• Fully 4Q Power Linear Amplifier (Grid simulator) 50 kVA

– Voltage asymmetries and flickers– Harmonics and interharmonics up to 3 kHz

• Physical remote controlled Emulators– DER (±20kW/±10kVAR): wind turbine, PV, energy storage– Flexible load (4.5 kW): household loads

• Consider typical control layers implemented in dedicated industrial platforms– Renewable Plant control using Bachmann controller (Grid Monitoring module included)– Demand response, Primary&Secondary substation controllers based on EFACEC solutions

• Smart Meters and Virtual Smart Meters (Opal‐RT+ dedicated server)• Model based design using Matlab/Simulink• Multi CPU/Core PC for multi‐run off‐line simulations • Easy to add new components/actors and assign new roles

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Economy

Funding Items Cost [k€]

Internal AAU CWO DC Supply/Sink, dSpace+PC, AC controllable load, 19” cabinet27 kVA Transformer, Materials

55

Internal AAU CWO 3 single phase AC loads, DAQ Card, Materials&Components 40

Sponsorship VLT FC302 22kW/400 V, Sin wave filter 38A, Plant Controller + I/O + Grid Monitoring Module, SW+Interfaces Plant Controller,Materials&Components

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Private Funding CWO

Grid Simulator (Opal‐RT + Power Linear Amplifier),PC, Materials&Components

295

Parallel Projects Multi‐CPU PC, 3xPCs, 19” Cabinets, Materials&Components 10

SmartC2net Network Emulator Server, Traffic Gen Server, GB Switch, Visualization Server,Large Monitor, PCs, 19” Cabinets, 2x 3‐ph smart meters (Kamstrup),Materials&Components (limited by DoW)

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Total 445

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Applications

Assessment of large scale penetration of renewables in power grids; Power system stability and energy management of flexible assets; Optimally aggregate, control and coordinate real‐time signals with multiple 

levels of assets and actors in energy systems to ensure security and reliability of energy supply;

Coordinate and control clusters of flexible energy demand and generation; Demand‐side participation, smart network management and power system 

protection; Plan and optimize management, interoperability, monitoring and performance of 

assets; Effectively forecast and reschedule energy demand and generation; Assessment of AMI on provision of  smart energy systems applications  Assessment of different communication networks and traffic conditions on smart 

energy systems applications

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Current Activities

• PhD fellows at ET‐AAU• Very strong collaboration with Department of Electronic Systems

– 2‐4 PhDs and MSc • SmartC2Net Project (EU‐FP7) http://www.smartc2net.eu/

– End Nov 2015• RePlan ‐ PSO project regarding Ancillary Services from Renewable Power Plants 

– Kick‐off in March 2015– Partners: DTU Wind Energy, Vestas Wind Systems

• RemoteGrid – PSO project on AMI applications in Smart Grids– Start 1st Q 2016– Partners:  Kamstrup, Thy‐Mors Energi

• Interest from industry/utilities– Wind power companies– Smart meter manufacturers– Automation and Control– Utilities from several EU countries

• Target several Danish & EU H2020 applications with different partners/consortia

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Running Demos

• Application #1 Wind Power Plant Control– Voltage control for a WPP augmented with STATCOM

• Application #2 Demand Response Platform– Control and Market integration of Low Voltage distribution grids

• Application #3 Smart Grid Control– Power Balancing and Voltage control in distribution grids

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AcknowledgementFinancial support• Det Obelske Familiefond (www.obel.com)• Aalborg University• EU FP7 through SmartC2net project• PSO‐ForskEl through EASE Wind Project• PSO‐Forskel through Control, Protection and Demand Response in Low Voltage Distribution 

Grids project

Technical support and in‐kind contributions• Bachmann Electronic Denmark (www.bachmann.info)• EFACEC (www.efacec.pt)• Regatron• Opal‐RT • Danfoss Drives• Kamstrup• ….

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Contact Info

Coordinator Smart Energy Systems LabDr. Florin Iov fi@et.aau.dk

www.smart‐energy‐systems‐lab.et.aau.dk