Smart Dust Slides
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Transcript of Smart Dust Slides
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SMART DUST: A SMARTERWAY TO COMMUNICATE
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WHAT IS SMART DUST ? Device around the size of a grain of
sand. A self-contained, millimeter-scale
sensing and communicationplatform for a massively distributedsensor network.
Each wireless sensor node, or dustmote, contains one or moresensors, hardware for computationand communication, and a powersupply.
Motes -autonomous, programmable
Adapted from: http://www-
bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/arc
hive/users/warneke-
brett/SmartDust/
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SMART DUST-Components AND
Operation Sensors
To Interface to the environment Light, Temperature, Vibration, Magnetic field, Acoustic
Power Survive for extended amount of time Thick-film battery, Solar cell with capacitor, or both
Computation
Process sensor data and Communicate using IC Communication
To glue the pieces of information Transmission: Optical-Passive and Active Reception: Photodiode
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SMART DUST-Structure
Conceptual Diagram
Adapted from: http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/index.html
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COMMUNICATION Acoustic
RF radio
Optical
Passive
Active
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Acoustic Communication
High Background Noise
Fast Attenuation Curve
Low communication baud rate
Antenna size cant be reduced
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RF Communication Pros
Does not require line of sight
Not much affected by the environment Cons
Antenna size (has to be at least of thewavelength)
Complex circuitry (modulation/demodulation,band pass filters, etc.)
Energy consumption (approx. 100nJ/bit)
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OPTICAL Communication Types Passive Active
Pros Low energy consumption (
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RF vs. OPTICAL
RF radio frequency MHz hundreds of GHz 1mm 100s meters
wavelength
Omni directional Technologies:
Bluetooth Cell phones
RFID Optical
100THz 1PHz 0.3 - 1.6 wavelength Extremely Directional-peer to peer Lasers and LEDs
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PASSIVE REFLECTIVE SYSTEMS
Dust mote does not require anonboard light source.
Passive reflective device, called
Corner Cube Reflector, caneither reflect or not reflect lightto a remote source.
CCR consists of three mutuallyorthogonal mirrors.
Light enters the CCR, bouncesoff each of the three mirrors, andis reflected back parallel to thedirection it entered.
Adapted from: http://www-
bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/
warneke-brett/SmartDust/
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0-1 TRANSITION
One mirror mounted on a spring atan angle slightly askew fromperpendicularity to the other mirrors.
In this position, because the lightentering the CCR does not returnalong the same entry path, little lightreturns to the sourceDIGITAL 0.
Applying voltage between this mirrorand an electrode beneath it causesthe mirror to shift to a positionperpendicular to other mirrors,causing the light entering the CCR to
return to its sourceDIGITAL 1.
Adapted from:
http://www-
bsac.eecs.berkeley.e
du/archive/users/war
neke-
brett/SmartDust/
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1-0 TRANSITION
Practically free
Dumping the charge storedon the electrode to the
ground requires almost noenergy.
Adapted from: http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/
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PASSIVE REFLECTIVE SYSTEMS -
Limitations
Unable to communicate with each other, motes relyon a central station equipped with a light source
Mote may be isolated from the network
Systems range cannot easily extend beyond 1kilometer
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ACTIVE-STEERED LASER
SYSTEMS
Dust motes active; they have theirown onboard light source
For mote-to-mote communicationsystem, onboard light source sendstightly collimated light beam towardintended receiver.
The steered agile laser transmitter
(SALT) consists of a semiconductordiode laser coupled with acollimating lens and a steeringmirror.
Adapted from:
http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~p
ister/SmartDust/
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ACTIVE-STEERED LASER
SYSTEMS-Advantages
Direct communication with othermotes possible
Long distance communication
High power density
Minimization of motes duty cycle
Better utilization of its energyreserves Adapted from: http://www-
bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/
SALT-structure
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APPLICATIONS
Military
Environmental
Energy conservation Medical applications
Structure maintenance
Security and safety
Inventory Control Technology: Virtual keyboard
Adapted from: http://www- bsac.eecs.berkeley.e d u/ ~ pister/SmartDust
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What we have today
Different markets Airborne systems Marine Land vehicles Environment
Mote price ~100$
Kit price (8-12 motes) ~ 2000$
Building management
Industrial monitoring Security
Adapted from:
http://www.xbow.com/
http://www.dust-inc.com/
http://www.dust-inc.com/http://www.dust-inc.com/ -
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Would like to have
Privacy issues
Miniaturization: Possible nanoscale motes
More useful to people in developing countries: enablesmaller and cheaper motes
Safety and security benefits
Incorporate the concept of smart dust societiesintegration of different types of smart dust
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REFERENCES
[1] B. Warneke, M. Last, B. Liebowitz, and K. S. J. Pister, SmartDust: Communicating with a cubic-millimeter computer, Computer,vol. 34, pp. 4451, 2001.
[2] Brett Warneke, Smart dust, Berkeley User Archive, April 30,
2004. [Online].Available:http://wwwbsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/warneke-brett/SmartDust/ index.html
[3] P. B. Chu et al., Optical communication using micro corner cubereflectors, Proc. IEEE MEMS Workshop, Nagoya, Japan, Jan.1997, pp. 350355.
[4] Ben W. Cook, S. Lanzisera, and K. S. J. Pister, SoC Issues forRF Smart Dust, Proc. IEEE, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 1177-1196, June2006.
[5] J. M. Kahn , R. H. Katz , K. S. J. Pister, Emerging challenges:mobile networking for Smart Dust, Proc. IEEE, pp. 271-278,
August 1999.
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THANK YOU
QUERIES???