Small Animal Skeletal Systems - Verona Agriculture · 2019. 12. 6. · Functions of the Skeletal...
Transcript of Small Animal Skeletal Systems - Verona Agriculture · 2019. 12. 6. · Functions of the Skeletal...
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ANIMAL
SKELETAL SYSTEMS
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Functions of the Skeletal System
• Form
• Protection
• Support
• Strength
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How does it work?
• Bone- Hard tissue that supports and protects other
organs
• Cartilage- Firm, flexible tissues that is not as hard as
bone
• Ligaments- Tissue that connects bone to bone
• Tendons- Tissue that connects bone to muscle
• Joints- Where bones meet and allows for movement
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What are bones made of?
• Bone is comprised of:
• 26% minerals (mostly calcium phosphate and calcium
carbonate)
• 50% is water
• 4% is fat
• 20% is protein
• Bone requires adequate
amounts of vitamins and
minerals in the ration.
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Bones • Spongy bone
• Fills ends of bones and lines hollow portions
• Red marrow
• Inside cavities of spongy bone, formation of red blood
cells
• Yellow marrow
• Fat and energy storage
• Compact bone
• Layer of hard mineral matter, calcium, gives bones
strength
• Periosteum
• Outer most layer, cushions the hard portion of the
bone, repair of broken bones
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Joints
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Joints
• Ball-and-Socket – (Shoulder and hip) –allows
twisting and turning movements; consists on 1
cup-like area (socket) and 1 bone with rounded
head (ball)
• Ellipsoid – (Wrist) – movement on multi-axis
• Hinge – (Elbow and Knee) – limit movement in 1
direction
• Pivot – (Neck) – allows for rotation on an axis
• Plane/Gliding – (Backbone) – bones meet as flat
surfaces and allow for the bones to slide past one
another
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Joints
Pivot Joint
Ball&Socket
Joint
Plane Joints
Hinge Joint
(Neck)
(Hip)
(Vertebrae/Back)
(Stifle)
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Joints
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Parts of the Skeleton
• Axial - central axis bones
• Pectoral - bones of the fore limbs
• Pelvic - bones of the hind limbs
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Bones of the Axial Skeleton
• Skull • Maxilla
• Mandible
• Vertebrae • Cervical Vertebrae
• Thoracic Vertebrae
• Lumbar Vertebrae
• Sacrum
• Caudal Vertebrae
• Ribs
• Sternum
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Bones of the Pectoral Skeleton
• Scapula
• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Carpus
• Metacarpus
• Digits
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Bones of the Pelvic Skeleton
• Pelvis
• Ilium
• Ischium
• Femur
• Patella
• Tibia
• Tarsus
• Metatarsus
• Digits
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LETS LOOK AT THE
SKELETAL SYSTEMS OF
DIFFERENT LARGE ANIMALS!!
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Cattle
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Horse
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Pelvis
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsus
Metatarsus
Sternum Ribs
Maxilla
Mandible
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpus
Metacarpus
Digits
Swine Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Caudal
Digits
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Sheep
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Goat
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Poultry
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Dog
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Cat
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Rabbit
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Rat
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CAN YOU NAME THE BONES?
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Cattle
Caudal
Vertebrae
Ribs
Tarsus
Scapula
Mandible
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Horse Pelvis
Thoracic
Vertebrae
Humerus
Metatarsus
Tibia
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Swine Maxilla
Radius
Ulna
Fibula
Tibia
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Sheep
Cervical Vertebrae
Digits
Patella
Ischium
Ilium
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Goat Thoracic
Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Radius Ulna
Tibia
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Poultry Ulna
Pelvis
Caudal Vertebrae Metatarsus
Keeled Sternum aka: keel bone
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Dog Maxilla
Scapula
Ulna Radius
Tarsus
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Cat
1. Caudal
Vertebrae
Ischium
Ilium
Patella
Mandible
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Rabbit
Mandible
Cervical Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Femur
Humorous
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Rat
Sternum
Tibia Fibula
Thoracic Vertebrae
Pelvis