• Slot 2 Title = Rug Under your Feet

• What is the historical connection between these policies and US1? How could they have been implemented better?

Don’t forget the rug analogy!!

2

• Write on the sheet…skip slot 3

• Read George Grenville’s Speech– Context– Text– Subtext

• Analyze Grenville’s speech from the Point of View of…– Great Britain– Colonists

3

• Slot 4…1754 vs 1763– Split your slot into 4

parts, so you can draw arrows to connect answers for GB and the Colonists

• Compare and Contrast the ESP climate in Great Britain and the Colonies in 1754 and in 1763…– There are differences

from one year to the other…

– What are they? How did they happen?

4

• Analyze the causes of the Revolutionary War• Evaluate the effects the British Laws on the colonies • Critique the colonists’ responses to the various British

Laws• Analyze the evolution of Americans’ viewpoints of

themselves and GB before the Revolution

5

• Make $$$ for GB from the colonies to pay off the war debt– GB following what

economic practice?

– Don’t squeeze too much though… why?

• Control the new land you earned… where and why? (2)

6

• King George III – Wanted to increase

his power (especially w/ Parliament)

– Psychologically and Intellectually unfit to rule (mental illness)

– Immature & insecure

7

• British Prime Ministers = – George Grenville = …– Charles Watson-Wentworth– Pitt the Elder!!! = Ill…distant…apathetic? No control over his

Cabinet led to Exchequer Charles Townshend’s mistake– Augustus FitzRoy– Frederick North = Tory (no sympathy) and harsh

8

• What was wrong with the colonies?– No unity as

“Americans”• Little Class Unity too

(Upper, Middle, Lower)

• What do the colonists need then?– Something/someone

they can all be mad at together…

I’m a Georgian!!

I’m a Virginian!!

I’m a New Yawkah!!

9

• Their Colonial Assemblies/Legislatures• Whig Ideology and Virtuous countrymen

Until 1754, we practically ruled ourselves…

• Every person (or country) has their breaking point...

• From 1763………………….…to 1775, tension between “Americans” & the British government escalates, until our breaking point hits!!!!!!

11

An English worker made about £40 versus the colonist who made about £60 for the same job. Colonial merchants made £180.

12

• What “problem” pushes GB to make it?– GB wants some

peace with Native Americans again

• What did it say?• Colonists’ reaction?

We didn’t care…some crossed anyway!

13

• Sugar Act, why make it if you are GB?– Mercantilism

• Sugar Act story– Colonists getting

molasses/sugar from 2 different islandsa. British = $$$$$$$$$b. Foreign = $$$$$$$$$$$$

– Who were the colonists going to?

• Why?

American traders are smuggling me into the colonies!

14

• Lower the Duty on _________ sugar– Then what happens?

• British = $$$$$$$$$• Foreign = $$$$$$$$$$$$

– Then what will colonial consumers buy?• Who is

now…

– What else must GB also do to make sure there are only 2 options?

Why just 2 options?

• Enforce those Navigation Acts you made long ago

16

• Sugar Act? –Eh…It wasn’t a

tax…no prices were increased

• Navigation Act?–Who is mad?

17

What is it?

Why do it? Think about our POV...

Colonists reactions.. what did we think you guys were violating?

18

• What was it?• Why do it?

19

• Who did it affect?– Everyone!! (Tavern

owners, Lawyers, Newspaper Printers)

• Why be mad? (4 reasons)

• GB makes 10x the tax $$$ from the colonies from 1763 to 1765

20

• Virginia House of Burgesses complains to GB– Led by Patrick Henry

• Stamp Act Congress meets in NY in October 1765– petitioned King & Parliament– What did they write?

• We are still loyal to GB…but…• “No Taxation without

Representation…”• Who can/should tax the

colonists?• Condemned the Stamp & Sugar

Acts as unconstitutional… hmm

• What plan looks good now?

21

On Reflection it now seems probable, that if the foregoing Plan or some thing like it, had been adopted and carried into Execution, the subsequent Separation of the Colonies from the Mother Country might not so soon have happened, nor the Mischiefs suffered on both sides have occurred, perhaps during another Century. For the Colonies, if so united, would have really been, as they then thought themselves, sufficient to their own Defence, and being trusted with it, as by the Plan, an Army from Britain, for that purpose would have been unnecessary: The Pretences for framing the Stamp-Act would then not have existed, nor the other Projects for drawing a Revenue from America to Britain by Acts of Parliament, which were the Cause of the Breach, and attended with such terrible Expence ofBlood and Treasure: so that thedifferent Parts of the Empire mightstill have remained in Peace andUnion. But the Fate of this Planwas singular…it was totallyrejected.

-Feb. 9, 1789. Dr. Franklin.

22

• East Coast riots in 1765• Sons of Liberty

– attacked stamp agents and burned stamps• sale of stamps halts after

the riots

– major riots in Boston– destroyed Lt. Gov

Thomas Hutchinson’s house

23

• Graded Discussion using three sides of the classroom– Bulletin Board = S of L do not

fit the terrorist profile– Poster Wall = S of L do fit the

terrorist profile– Middle Desks = answer is

somewhere in the middle• Sit on whichever side that you

feel fits your beliefs– Then try to defend your position

• You can move during the discussion if you are persuaded

• One speaker at a time

24

• Colonists hurt GB’s economy!– Many stopped buying British

goods (AKA)– Intimidation was used by

Sons of Liberty• Who got hurt?

– asked Parliament to repeal Stamp Act

– While England’s gov made $$$, England’s merchants lost $$$

25

• March 1766, Stamp Act repealed (Grenville OUT)– English mad that

Parliament backed off the colonists

• GB concurrently passed #9– GB: Parliament rules the

colonies just like it rules England and can make laws on the colonists

• Did colonists care – Yes and No

26

• Colonists have hated for years and defy it more and more… but which colonies (same trouble makers in the F&I War) & how?– MA & NY

assemblies voted to not give supplies to troops (can they?)

27

• PM Pitt the Elder = , so Charles Townshend ran things more

• 5 Acts were part of – NY Assembly disbanded…– New duties on goods

imported from GB…• lead, paint, paper, tea• $$$ would pay for…

• Response by colonists =– Power of the Purse has

belonged to and should still belong to...

– Internal or External Taxes are unconstitutional!!!

External Taxes… so the colonists shouldn’t be upset, right?

28

• Boycott the goods from GB again

• Boycott started by what colony?– Will other

colonial assemblies back them up?

• What do we see happening to the colonies?

Massachusetts Assembly, of course!

YES!!

29

• Who does GB crack down on?– MA (Boston)– Many more

Redcoats occupy the city

– Crackdown on smuggling works well

• What is next?

30

31

32

33

Somehow [Mass Shootings] has become routine. The reporting is routine. My response here at this podium ends up being routine, the conversation in the aftermath of it…We have become numb to this…

34

After WWII we tried to impose our development model on whole Eastern European nations, and this ended in nothing good, this wasn't good, and we've got to admit it…By the way, this is what the United States is doing across the entire world now.

35

The rich and large corporations get richer, the CEOs earn huge compensation packages, and when things get bad, don't worry; Uncle Sam and the American taxpayers are here to bail you out. But when you are in trouble, well, we just can't afford to help you, if you are in the working class or middle class of this country.

36

This is one viewpoint of the Boston Massacre

But this is the one that became popular

Is this what really happened?

Who was to blame?

What are we going to say that we witnessed?

What are we going to say that we witnessed?

37

38

• More Redcoats in Boston = increased tension

• Redcoats don’t get paid well…– Fights on the docks between

two sides days earlier• March 5, 1770

– Who started it?– British protect customs house– Redcoats hit with snowballs,

ice, rocks– Redcoats fire into crowd– 5 killed

• Why is this a big deal?

It goes back to Locke!

39

• 5 Victims = – For what?

• Paul Revere engraving is popular…does what?

• What happens to the guilty Redcoats?– This guy defends them

• How do you think he is viewed?– Soldiers only charged with

manslaughter (go back home)

40

• Townshend has been dead since 1767• New PM Lord North repeals all of the Townshend Acts

except the Tea Tax

41

• Sam Adams– Politician, Publicist, Brewer,

Distant Cousin of John Adams– Vocal (and…) critic of British

policy GB = USA = • Helps form the long-term

MA “Committee(s) of Correspondence” in 1772– coordinate resistance– Most colonies join up by 1774– becomes a network to keep

the spirit of dissent alive– Shadow govs that had more

power than colonial legislatures by 1774!!

– To Be Continued!!

42

• Who did it help? (déjà vu of Sugar Act)– British East India Company

• Their tea would be cheapest

• Who did it hurt?– American tea merchants

43

• They are similar acts…they’re just made 9 yrs apart• Why are the colonists mad at one and not the other?

Sugar Act

44

Colonists boycott tea first

Tried to prevent the company’s ships from docking

Boston Tea Party – Dec 16, 1773

45

46

What is the big deal here?

Quebec Act brings up an old fear of the colonists

47

• Committees of Corr. meet up at the First Continental Congress– held Sept 5, 1774

• Who shows?– 56 delegates– Most Big Names – No GA delegates

• A few resolutions are made1. Continue boycott2. Each colony make militias…3. Send a letter to the King 4. Meet again in one year

48

• The foundation of English liberty, and of all free government, is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council: and as the English colonists are not represented, and from their local and other circumstances, cannot properly be represented in the British parliament, they are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal polity, subject only to the negative of their sovereign, in such manner as has been heretofore used and accustomed:

49

• But, from the necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of both countries, we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British parliament, as are (in good faith), restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for the purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the whole empire to the mother country, and the commercial benefits of its respective members; excluding every idea of taxation internal or external, for raising a revenue on the subjects, in America, without their consent.”

b. What do the members of the First Continental Congress want? What is the tone of the passage?

50

• Parliament tried to accommodate!!– tried to remove

some laws– Parliament’s

changes not good enough for the 1st Cont Congress

– By this time, the conflict became more than words anyway…

51

• Says…–New England is

in a state of rebellion

–“Blows must decide”

• What next?

52

53

• It is ……………………………………1775, and “Americans” have reached their breaking point