Slide 1.1 Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Chapter 1 Information Systems Lecture 1...

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Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008

Chapter 1

Information Systems

Lecture 1

Data, Information and Decisions

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Data and Information

• Historical trends• Information – definition

– information is data processed for a purpose

• Processing data– categories of data processing (see next slide)

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Data and Information

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Decisions – Cognitive Style and Background

• Decision making style– Analytical

– Intuitive

• Information absorption style– Detailed

– Holistic

• Background

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Decisions – Cognitive Style and Background (Continued)

Figure 1.2 Four cognitive styles for absorbing information and taking decisions

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A Model of Decision Making –Simon’s Model

• Intelligence• Design• Choice• Implementation

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Decisions – Simon’s Model of Decision Making

Figure 1.3 Stages in making a decision

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Levels of Managerial Decision Taking

• Strategic planning• Tactical planning and control• Operational planning and control

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Levels of Managerial Decision Taking (Continued)

Figure 1.4 Information characteristics for managerial decisions

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The Structure of Decisions

• Unstructured• Semi-structured• Structured

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The value of Information

• Quantifiable value• Non-quantifiable value• Intelligence

– information collected for background understanding

• Cost–benefit analysis– to establish project viability

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Chapter 1Information Systems

Lecture 2

Systems and Management Information Systems

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The Idea of a System

• Definition– A collection of interrelated parts that taken

together forms a whole such that:• the collection has some purpose;• a change in any of the parts leads to or results

from a change in some other part(s).

• Characteristics– inputs, outputs, processes, storage

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Characteristics of Systems

• Systems objectives– objective(s)

– measure of performance

• Inputs and outputs of a system– one system’s output is another’s input

• Systems environment• Boundary• Open and closed systems

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Systems Connected by Inputs and Outputs

Figure 1.7 Systems connected by inputs and outputs

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Subsystems and Systems Hierarchies

Figure 1.8 Hierarchical relations between subsystems in a manufacturing organization

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Subsystems Decoupling

• Degree of coupling– highly coupled, decoupled

– buffer

– slack capacity

• Total systems approach• Control

– feedback, feedforward

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Management Information Systems

• Drivers– cost, speed, interaction, flexibility

• Databases

Figure 1.16 Business information support systems (alternative terminology)

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Management Information Systems As a Collection of Subsystems

Figure 1.18 The relation between the data-processing and management information systems

(a) (b)

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Management Information Systems

• MIS as a collection of subsystems• Design of MIS• Approaches to MIS design

– by-product– null– key variable– total study– critical success factor

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Informal and Formal Information

• Formal– produced by standard procedures– objective– relevant

• Informal– subjective– qualitative– arrives via non-standard channels

Slide 1.1 Curtis/Cobham © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Chapter 1 Information Systems Lecture 1...

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