SQUIRREL-KILLERSUpdate Briefs #5, Part D

February 2, 2017

Dr. John F. Schunk, Editor

FIRST NEGATIVE BRIEFS18. EXCHANGE STUDENTS19. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY20. NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES

SECOND NEGATIVE BRIEFS21. NUCLEAR WAR Disad22. T.P.P. RATIFICATION: Disad

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SK/UPDATE5-18. EXCHANGE STUDENTS

1. THOUSANDS OF U.S. STUDENTS ARE STUDYING IN CHINA

SK/UP5-18.01) Josh Dehaas, MACLEAN’S, November 7, 2016, p. 44, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Last year, about 3,585 Canadians were studying in China out of roughly 400,000 foreign students, according to China's ministry of education. While most of the foreigners in China are from Asia, 2014 figures show far more Americans (24,203), French (10,658), Germans (8,193) and Australians (about 5,000) than Canadians.

SK/UP5-18.02) Josh Dehaas, MACLEAN’S, November 7, 2016, p. 44, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. China doesn't even crack our top 10 study-abroad destinations--unlike Switzerland, Ireland and Grenada--while China is the second-most-popular choice for Australians and Japanese, fourth for Germans and fifth with Americans, according to the non-profit, New York-based Institute of Internatio

SK/UP5-18.03) STATES NEWS SERVICE, November 14, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Nationally, the leading destinations for studying abroad are the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, France and China.

2. 100,000 STRONG PROGRAM HAS MORE THAN MET ITS GOALS

SK/UP5-18.04) Li Ang, CHINA DAILY, July 10, 2014, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. "There's a program called 100,000 Strong China, which started a few years ago, to try to get more Americans to study in China. We have already seen the number of Americans study in China going up in the past several years," she [Rajika Bhandari, Institute of International Education's deputy vice-president for research and evaluation] said, adding that she is confident that more US students will go to China. The 100,000 Strong initiative was announced by President Barack Obama in November 2009 to increase the number and diversification of the composition of American students studying in China.

SK/UP5-18.05) Josh Dehaas, MACLEAN’S, November 7, 2016, p. 44, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Both McBride and Lang say the United States managed to boost the number of students going to China without relying on a lot of taxpayer's money through the 100,000 Strong initiative announced by Barack Obama in 2009. By 2014, it surpassed its goal to have 100,000 more U.S. students study abroad in China. The Chinese government chipped in with thousands of scholarships, while nonprofits like the Ford Foundation and corporations like Microsoft and Hilton put up millions for travel and awareness campaigns.

3. THOUSANDS OF CHINESE STUDENTS STUDY IN THE U.S.

SK/UP5-18.06) Li Ang, CHINA DAILY, July 10, 2014, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. One of every three international students enrolled in US secondary schools in 2013 was Chinese, according to a report, and the main reasons for their studying in the US are to strengthen their English and improve their chances of getting into US colleges. The number of international students attending US secondary schools from 2004 to 2013 more than tripled to 73,000, while during that same time span, the number of exchange students increased by only 15 percent, according to the report from the Institute of International Education (IIE) released on Tuesday. Of the 49,000 Asian students who came to the US in 2013 for secondary education, 46 percent were Chinese.

SK/UP5-18.07) Anthony J. Zavagnin, AMERICA, October 31, 2016, p. 25, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. According to Foreign Policy magazine, the number of Chinese high school students in the United States increased from fewer than 1,000 in 2005 to more than 23,000 by 2013.

SK/UP5-18.08) STATES NEWS SERVICE, November 14, 2016, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. International students at Ohio State hail from 113 different countries including, China (4,337); India (735); South Korea (591); Malaysia (218); and Taiwan (165). Nationally, the leading home countries for international students are China, India, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and Canada.

4. CHINA ALREADY SUPPORTS STUDENT EXCHANGE PROGRAMS

SK/UP5-18.09) Terry Flew [Queensland U. of Technology, Australia], MEDIA INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIA INCORPORATING CULTURE AND POLICY, May 2016, p. 32, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. We can identify a number of areas where China has been active across all of these aspects of public diplomacy in recent years, including: Hosting major international events such as the Beijing Olympics in 2008, the Shanghai World Expo in 2010 and the Winter Olympics in Beijing in 2018; Promoting international graduate student and researcher exchanges through the China Scholarship Council and other educational initiatives.

SK/UPDATE5-19. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

1. CHINA IS CRACKING DOWN ON I.P. ENFORCEMENT

SK/UP5-19.01) THE ECONOMIST, July 9, 2016, p. 71(US), GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Fine, but what about the thorny problem of intellectual property (IP)? The authors [George Yip & Bruce McKern, authors of CHINA’S NEXT STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE: FROM IMITATION TO INNOVATION] insist the government is getting serious about protecting it, pointing to special IP courts in big cities with technically trained judges and staff. Apple is appealing against the iPhone decision by Beijing's patent office, and continues to sell its phones in China. Surprisingly, Shanghai's government has just ordered Han City, a multi-storey mall overflowing with counterfeits on the city's main shopping promenade, to be shut down. China's leadership also vows to "strive to build an IP power, an innovative country, and a well-off society".

SK/UP5-19.02) THE ECONOMIST, April 23, 2016, p. 51(US), GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Surveys find that foreign firms in China continue to name IP violations as one of the top constraints on their operations. But many respondents also say that enforcement has improved in recent years. According to legal experts, China's supreme court and senior prosecutors are taking the issue more seriously, and have streamlined procedures for accepting cases, including those brought by foreign firms. Police sometimes make a great show of burning, crushing or steamrollering seized counterfeit goods. Wang Yang, a deputy prime minister, said last month that tackling piracy was essential if China is to become an innovation-driven economy. He promised a crackdown on fake agricultural equipment and pirated software, and greater scrutiny of exports.

SK/UP5-19.03) Dexin Tran, [School of Foreign Languages Yangzhou University] CHINA MEDIA RESEARCH, October 2016, p. 37, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. With the regular complaints from U.S. businesses in and outside China, the U.S. government "repeatedly threatened the Chinese government with either economic sanctions or trade wars" (Yu, 2001, pp. 133-135). The Chinese government responded with tactful compromises and some obvious IPR [intellectual property rights] accomplishments. Regular anti-piracy campaigns were initiated. Police raided and seized pirated goods at customs and stores and closed factories and stations that were engaged in the manufacture and distribution of illegal merchandize. China has also made obvious progress in joining international IPR conventions, passing domestic IPR laws and regulations, and establishing registration, enforcement, and training programs.

SK/UP5-19.04) Dexin Tran [School of Foreign Languages Yangzhou University], CHINA MEDIA RESEARCH, October 2016, p. 37, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Besides adopting the legal measures in conformity with the international practices, China has also applied its administrative power at the state and local levels to protect the copyrights. As noted by the USTR (2015) in its 301 Special Report, China has established the National Copyright Administration within the State Council and Copyright Administration Office in all the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. The State Council established a permanent office of the national leading group on combating IPR [intellectual property rights] infringement. In 2014, the Leading Group continued to coordinate enforcement actions and undertake special campaigns, including online markets and cross-border infringement cases. The Leading Group makes sure that the relevant administration at various levels takes concrete actions to address IPR enforcement, enhances public awareness, and requires strict legal compliance with respect to trade secrets. Actually, there has been empirical evidence that both "administrative supports and judicial actions are positively related to the effectiveness of countering piracy" (Yang, Fryxell, & Sie, 2008, p. 336).

2. CHINA IS CRACKING DOWN ON FAKE GOODS

SK/UP5-19.05) THE ECONOMIST, April 23, 2016, p. 51(US), GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. The most important recent development in the war on fakes has come from a different direction. On April 13th Alibaba, China's biggest online retailer and, until now, the marketplace of choice for many Chinese producers of counterfeits, joined the IACC. Two years earlier Jack Ma, the firm's founder and boss, had called counterfeit goods a "cancer" and vowed to fight them. The new partnership--the first between the anti-counterfeiting group and an online retailer--suggests he is serious.

SK/UP5-19.05) David Barboza & Brooks Barnes, THE NEW YORK TIMES, July 15, 2016, p. A1, LexisNexis Academic. Officials have also taken unusual steps to protect Disney from piracy in China, a country where copyright infringement is common and the government rarely intervenes. Whether the state can stand by that pledge is uncertain. But early signs are promising. Last November, regulators fined five copycat Disney hotels located near the theme park. Around the same time, nearly 2,000 counterfeit Disney items, including hundreds of Winnie-the-Pooh shirts, were seized in Hangzhou. The government is even sending regulators to Disney for special training to help them better identify counterfeits.

SK/UP5-19.06) Rupert Taylor [Global Category Manager Healthcare and Personal Care Essentra], MANUFACTURING CHEMIST, December 2016, p. 42, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 30% of all medicines in Africa and the Far East are estimated to be fake. This challenge is, in part, being addressed through tougher laws and regulations, which are being developed by governments across the world. Countries such as China, Turkey, South Korea, the United States and the European Union have been working to introduce legislation that aims to tackle counterfeiting by implementing serialisation and tamper verification requirements.

SK/UPDATE5-20. NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES

1. CHINA ALLOWS MANY NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES IN

SK/UP5-20.01) Jay P. Lefkowitz [former Special Envoy for Human Rights in North Korea], COMMENTARY, December 2012, p. 39, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. In truth, China's policy of repatriation is peculiar. Should China want to crack down on the flow of refugees from North Korea and effectively shut it down, it could do so. Instead, it tolerates a fairly steady flow of refugees, although it affords them no legal rights. Only occasionally does China beef up its border patrols sufficiently to halt the tide or send North Koreans back.

2. THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES MAKE IT TO SAFETY

SK/UP5-20.02) Geoffrey Cain, WASHINGTON MONTHLY, July-August 2011, p. 50, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Today, living in an economy that is still in shambles, North Koreans typically have three choices: scurry for goods on the black market, starve, or flee the country. By most conservative estimates, more than 100,000 North Koreans have chosen the last option, making the perilous trek across the Chinese border and sometimes into Thailand, Vietnam, and Mongolia, where they attempt to enter the safety of South Korean consulates.

SK/UP5-20.03) Young Back Choi [College of Business, St. John’s U.], REVIEW OF BUSINESS, Summer 2015, p. 130, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. The desperate crossed the Chinese border to trade or to obtain food, at the risk of being arrested or shot. Many more crossed the border for good, facing the danger of being sold to servitude in China or being rounded up and sent back to North Korea to face torture and starvation. News about the prosperity in China, South Korea, and elsewhere began to penetrate North Korea. Since the late 1990s, about two thousand a year have managed to find their way to South Korea, via China, Mongolia, Vietnam, Laos, Russia, etc. The total number of North Korean refugees settled in South Korea was about twenty five thousand in 2014.

SK/UP5-20.04) Young Back Choi [College of Business, St. John’s U.], REVIEW OF BUSINESS, Summer 2015, p. 130, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Since the early 1990s, some 25,000 North Korean refugees have settled in South Korea, (some by travelling thousands of miles via Mongolia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, or Russia) They are of all ages and from all walks of life, from some of the most privileged to the most oppressed, some even from gulags.

SK/UP5-20.05) Young Back Choi [College of Business, St. John’s U.], REVIEW OF BUSINESS, Summer 2015, p. 130, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. For the first time, North Koreans are learning what North Korea is really like, through the stories that North Korean refugees tell in the South Korean media, and through cell phone conversations near the Chinese border. Many now realize that what they have been told all their lives is all lies. They also learn that their compatriots who have settled in South Korea do not suffer depravation, nor live in constant fear (unlike them). North Korean refugees in South Korea speak freely and have a hope for the future. This is all truly shocking news to North Koreans! The cult of Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il is largely destroyed.

3. U.S. POLICY SUPPORTS NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES

SK/UP5-20.06) Jay P. Lefkowitz [former Special Envoy for Human Rights in North Korea], COMMENTARY, December 2012, p. 39, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. Consistent with the intent of the North Korea Human Rights Act, which was passed by Congress in 2004 and reauthorized by huge bipartisan majorities in 2008 and again this year, the Obama administration regularly maintains that human rights are a top priority of our North Korea policy. Last winter, on the eve of his trip to South Korea, President Obama declared that "improving human-rights conditions is a top U.S. priority in our North Korea policy, and it will have a significant impact on the prospect for closer U.S.-DPRK ties."

SK/UPDATE5-21. NUCLEAR WAR Disad

A. TRUMP GOVERNMENT ENGAGEMENT WITH CHINA IS DANGEROUS

1. U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS WILL DETERIORATE

SK/UP5-21.01) Yan Xuetong [Dean, Institute of International Relations, Tsinghua U., Beijing], THE NEW YORK TIMES, January 25, 2017, p. A25, LexisNexis Academic. Relations between China and the United States will inevitably deteriorate with Mr. Trump at the helm.

SK/UP5-21.02) Emily Rauhala & Anna Fifield, THE WASHINGTON POST, January 25, 2017, p. A15, LexisNexis Academic. What is striking, however, is that Chinese experts still seem more concerned with Trump's foreign policy than convinced that a golden era for China is on the way. Hu Xingdou, an economist at the Beijing Institute of Technology, said he was "not too optimistic" about China's prospects. The new U.S. president "will pursue protectionism," he said, and China is starting to view Trump as its "biggest enemy."

2. TRUMP’S BELLIGERENCE WILL BE HIGHLY PROVOCATIVE

SK/UP5-21.03) THE ECONOMIST, January 28, 2017, p. 12(US), GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. It is not yet clear whether Donald Trump's belligerence is simply a ploy designed to win trade concessions from China and others, or whether he is prepared to foment economic warfare--and worse--if he is thwarted. But no relationship matters more than that between the world's biggest and second-biggest economies. The shape of a new economic order, and much besides, will be determined largely by how Mr Trump and Mr Xi deal with each other. There is plenty to fear.

SK/UP5-21.04) THE ECONOMIST, January 28, 2017, p. 12(US), GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. America's new president seems to think he can increase his bargaining power by hitching trade to China's territorial claims in the South China Sea (see "The South China Sea: Own shoal") and the status of Taiwan. Yet Mr Trump is not the only one with a nationalist constituency to please. For Mr Xi, Taiwan is non-negotiable and the South China Sea a "core" interest.

SK/UP5-21.05) Jeff Stein, NEWSWEEK, January 6, 2017, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. China reacted with mounting fury in December after the president-elect suggested he might revisit the issue of Taiwan's independence as an opening gambit in trade negotiations with Beijing. "The calculating businessman might feel shrewd about seizing China's fate by the throat through the Taiwan question," responded China's state-run Global Times newspaper, a mouthpiece for hard-right nationalists. "However, the truth is this inexperienced president-elect probably has no knowledge of what he's talking about." If Trump tries to change Taiwan's status, China, might well "offer support, even military assistance to U.S. foes," it said.

SK/UP5-21.06) Jeff Stein, NEWSWEEK, January 6, 2017, pNA, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. When President-elect Trump triggered Beijing's wrath by taking a telephone call from Taiwan's pro-independence leader in early December--threatening four decades of diplomatic stability--the two countries inched closer to the type of incident that could lead to a dangerous string of tit-for-tat reprisals. Trump's further disparagement of China in the following days only ratcheted up the potential for a face-saving showdown.

3. CHINESE PRESIDENT WILL MIRROR TRUMP BRAVADO

SK/UP5-21.07) James Fallows [national correspondent], THE ATLANTIC, December 2016, p. 58, GALE CENGAGE LEARNING, Expanded Academic ASAP. But this paradox on a national-strategic scale for China matched what many people told me about Xi himself as a leader: The more uncertain he feels about China's diplomatic and economic position in the world, and the more grumbling he hears about his ongoing crackdown, the more "decisively" he is likely to act. "Xi is a weak man who wants to look strong," a foreign businessman who has worked in China for many years told me. "He is the son of a famous father [Xi Zhongxun, who fought alongside Mao as a guerrilla and became an important Communist leader] and wants to prove he is worthy of the name. As we've seen in other cultures, this can be a dangerous mix."

B. RISK OF NUCLEAR WAR WILL REACH UNACCEPTABLE LEVELS

1. RISK OF U.S.-CHINA WAR WILL BE VERY HIGH

SK/UP5-21.08) Max Hastings, DAILY MAIL (London), January 14, 2017, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Yet now this erratic, vengeful figure, unshakeably sure that he knows better than any of us, will be playing chicken among great nations, some of which own atomic bombs. If he bluffs too far, there will be a war, a contingency many people in Washington think not remote.

SK/UP5-21.09) Max Hastings, DAILY MAIL (London), January 14, 2017, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Yet Trump's personality is more dysfunctional than was that of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, whose limitations precipitated World War I.

2. TRUMP HAS ABSOLUTE CONTROL OVER NUCLEAR WEAPONS

SK/UP5-21.10) Alex Wellerstein, THE WASHINGTON POST, December 4, 2016, p. B5, LexisNexis Academic. When Trump takes office in January, he will have sole authority over more than 7,000 warheads. There is no failsafe. The whole point of U.S. nuclear weapons control is to make sure that the president - and only the president - can use them if and whenever he decides to do so.

SK/UP5-21.11) U.S. OFFICIAL NEWS, January 24, 2017, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Today, Congressman Ted W. Lieu (D-Los Angeles County) and Senator Edward J. Markey (D-Massachusetts) introduced the Restricting First Use of Nuclear Weapons Act of 2017. This legislation would prohibit the President from launching a nuclear first strike without a declaration of war by Congress. The crucial issue of nuclear "first use" is more urgent than ever now that President Donald Trump has the power to launch a nuclear war at a moment's notice.

3. TRUMP’S FINGER ON NUCLEAR BUTTON PORTENDS DISASTER

SK/UP5-21.12) Jonathan Freedland, THE GUARDIAN (United Kingdom), December 9, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. A reality TV star with no experience of either politics or the military will have the nuclear button as his toy. This, remember, is the man who reportedly asked several times, during a military briefing, why the US didn't use nuclear weapons since it had them. This is the man who has said "I love war". Whose proposed solution to Isis is "to bomb the shit out of them" and steal the oil.

SK/UP5-21.13) Trevor Kavanagh, THE SUN (England), January 16, 2017, p. 10, LexisNexis Academic. It would be nice to think Trump's knee-jerk bullying concealed a thoughtful temperament that would help him face an array of urgent decisions, including possible US military action. But his deployment of 140-word Twitter storms is hardly reassuring for a man with his finger on the nuclear button.

SK/UP5-21.14) Institute for Policy Studies, U.S. OFFICIAL NEWS, December 7, 2016, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Donald Trump has adopted his own "madman theory." Throughout his campaign, he insisted that any potential negotiating partner -- ally or adversary -- must be left guessing. Toward that end, he refused to rule out the potential use of nuclear weapons, even in Europe. "We, as a nation, need to be more unpredictable," he declared, and millions of people shuddered to think that his hand might one day be on the nuclear button.

SK/UP5-21.15) Alex Wellerstein, THE WASHINGTON POST, December 4, 2016, p. B5, LexisNexis Academic. All year, the prospect of giving the real estate and reality TV mogul the power to launch attacks that would kill millions of people was one of the main reasons his opponents argued against electing him. "A man you can bait with a tweet is not a man we can trust with nuclear weapons," Hillary Clinton said in her speech accepting the Democratic presidential nomination. She cut an ad along the same lines. Republicans who didn't support Trump - and even some who did, such as Sen. Marco Rubio (Fla.) - also said they didn't think he could be trusted with the launch codes.

SK/UP5-21.16) U.S. OFFICIAL NEWS, January 24, 2017, pNA, LexisNexis Academic. Upon introduction of this legislation, Mr. Lieu issued the following statement: "It is a frightening reality that the U.S. now has a Commander-in-Chief who has demonstrated ignorance of the nuclear triad, stated his desire to be 'unpredictable' with nuclear weapons, and as President-elect was making sweeping statements about U.S. nuclear policy over Twitter.”

SK/UPDATE5-22. T.P.P. RATIFICATION: Disad

A. T.P.P. WITHDRAWAL MAKES EAST ASIA SAFER

SK/UP5-22.01) Yan Xuetong [Dean, Institute of International Relations, Tsinghua U., Beijing], THE NEW YORK TIMES, January 25, 2017, p. A25, LexisNexis Academic. If China were to form meaningful bilateral military pacts with Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia and especially the Philippines, America would have more difficulty joining a potential war in the Taiwan Strait -- a very real possibility given Mr. Trump's threats to the status quo. An East Asian trade agreement and a raft of new formal alliances would help Beijing take the position as the leader of East Asia and make the region safer.

SK/UP5-22.02) Emily Rauhala & Anna Fifield, THE WASHINGTON POST, January 25, 2017, p. A15, LexisNexis Academic. "It could be counted as good news for China that the pressure of TPP is now gone," said Tu Xinquan, a trade expert at Beijing's University of International Business and Economics. "However, there is great uncertainty as to whether China stands to benefit."

B. T.P.P. RATIFICATION WOULD HARM U.S. WORKERS

SK/UP5-22.03) Emily Rauhala & Anna Fifield, THE WASHINGTON POST, January 25, 2017, p. A15, LexisNexis Academic. The Obama administration pitched it [TPP] as a way to spur U.S. growth by opening Asian markets and exercising American leadership. Critics, including supporters of both Trump and Hillary Clinton, his democratic rival for the presidency, called it a threat to U.S. jobs.

SK/UP5-22.04) Peter Baker, THE NEW YORK TIMES, January 24, 2017, p. A1, LexisNexis Academic. Mr. Trump's decision to scrap the Trans-Pacific Partnership, or T.P.P., reversed a free-trade strategy adopted by presidents of both parties dating back to the Cold War, and aligned him more with the political left. When he told a meeting of union leaders at the White House on Monday that he had just terminated the pact, they broke into applause. “We're going to stop the ridiculous trade deals that have taken everybody out of our country and taken companies out of our country, and it's going to be reversed,” Mr. Trump told them, saying that from now on, the United States would sign trade deals only with individual allies. “I think you're going to have a lot of companies come back to our country.”

SK/UP5-22.05) Peter Baker, THE NEW YORK TIMES, January 24, 2017, p. A1, LexisNexis Academic. If Mr. Trump scrambled coalitions overseas, he did so at home, too. Democrats and labor groups praised his move. James P. Hoffa, general president of the Teamsters union, said Mr. Trump had “taken the first step toward fixing 30 years of bad trade policies.”

SK/UP5-22.06) Ylan Q. Mui, THE WASHINGTON POST, January 24, 2017, p. A1, LexisNexis Academic. Ending America's involvement in the TPP was also a top priority for Democrats. On Monday, five Democratic senators introduced legislation that would require the president to notify each of the 11 other countries involved in the deal of the United States' withdrawal. It would also block any "fast track" approval of the agreement in the future. AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka hailed the president's executive order and called for additional action. "They are just the first in a series of necessary policy changes required to build a fair and just global economy," he said in a statement.

SK/UP5-22.07) Peter Baker, THE NEW YORK TIMES, January 24, 2017, p. A1, LexisNexis Academic. The [TPP] deal, which was to link a dozen nations from Canada and Chile to Australia and Japan in a complex web of trade rules, was sold as a way to permanently tie the United States to East Asia and create an economic bulwark against a rising China. Instead, Mr. Trump said American workers would be protected against competition from low-wage countries like Vietnam and Malaysia, also parties to the deal.

C. U.S. CAN STILL NEGOTIATE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS

SK/UP5-22.08) Ylan Q. Mui, THE WASHINGTON POST, January 24, 2017, p. A1, LexisNexis Academic. John Veroneau, a partner at the law firm Covington who served as deputy U.S. trade representative under President George W. Bush, said the Trump administration could still pursue bilateral deals with individual countries, particularly Japan and Vietnam, that mirror the deals negotiated under the TPP.