Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory System Respiratory System Digestive System Excretory...
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Transcript of Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory System Respiratory System Digestive System Excretory...
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THE HUMAN BODYSkeletal System Muscular SystemCirculatory System Respiratory SystemDigestive System Excretory System
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Epithelial TissueLine or cover all body surfacesProtects, allows diffusion, reduces friction, assists in cleaningTightly bound3 basic types: squamous, cuboidal and columnar
SquamousLining of capillaries and alveoliCuboidalLining of Kidney tubes
ColumnarLining of stomach, intestines
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Connective TissueMost abundant and diverseBinds, supports and protects structuresCells embedded protein fibers and large amounts of matrix Intercellular substanceSolid, semisolid or liquidEx: cartilage, tendons, fat and blood
Loose ConnectiveDense ConnectiveCartilage
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Muscle TissueCells that can contract3 types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Smooth: individual cells, lines blood vessels and all organs, not striatedInvoluntary except for anus sphincter musclewhich we learn to control Skeletal: attached to bone by tendons and ligamentsNo individual cells, striated, voluntaryMass of cytoplasm with numerous nucleifilled with actin and myosinCardiac: heart, involuntary, striated
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Nervous TissueCells (neurons) that receive and transmit messages Brain, spinal cord, nerves, retina of eyeCoordinate voluntary/involuntary responses, response, regulation of body processes
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Anterior SuperiorInferiorPosterior
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0 Adult Human Body has 206 bones
O A baby has about 300 bones
0 Make up less than 20% of your body mass
0 Bones are not dry and rigid. They are moist, living tissue!
***You have to memorize 25!!!(spelling counts)
Bones of the skull, ribs, spine and sternumBones of the arms, legs, scapula, clavicle and pelvis
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craniumclaviclemaxillamandiblesternumhumerusribscervical vertebraelumbar vertebraesacral vertebraepelvisulnaradiuscarpalsmetacarpalsphalangesfemurpatellatibiafibulatarsalsmetatarsalsphalangespubisscapula
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Periosteum: tough membrane that covers the surfaceHard bone (compact): dense connective tissue-provides supportSpongy Bone: network of separated connective tissues: makes them light and strongYellow Bone Marrow: mostly fat-energy reserveRed Bone Marrow: production of blood and plateletsBlood Vessels: supplies nutrientsPeriosteum(Red and Yellow)http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/daniel_kraft_invents_a_better_way_to_harvest_bone_marrow.html
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JointsFixed (Immovable): prevent movement. Small amount of connective tissue absorbs impactEx: Skull
Cartilaginous (Semimovable): permit limited movementSeparated by disks of cartilaginous tissue to compress and absorb shockEx: vertebral column, rib cage
Synovial (movable): Ex: shoulder, hip, elbow, saddle, gliding
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OsteoporosisThinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time1 in 5 American women (over 50)Fails to form enough new bone, when too much old bone is reabsorbed by the bodyNot enough calcium/phosphate
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ArthritisInflammation of jointsOver 100 different typesBreakdown of cartilage due toAutoimmune diseaseBroken boneGeneral wear and tearinfectionhttp://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/kevin_stone_the_bio_future_of_joint_replacement.html
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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Muscular SystemMyofibrils: bundle of threadlike structures
Two types of protein (thick and thin)
Myosin: thickActin: thin
Form overlapping pattern, gives striation
Anchored at their endpoints to a Z line
Sarcomere: one Z line to anotherMake up the bulk of the body
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Muscle Contraction
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Tendon: connects bone to muscleOrigin: point at which the muscle attaches to the stationary boneEx: bicep-scapulaInsertion: point at which muscle attaches to the moving boneEx: bicep-radius
Muscles arranged in pairsFlexor: muscle that bends (biceps)Extensor: muscle that straightens (triceps)(Ligaments: bone to bone)
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Bill Nyehttp://www.gamequarium.org/cgi-bin/search/linfo.cgi?id=7673