Siposs Arnold Konrad

Information Technology

Coordonator: Dr. Z. Pólkowski

Introduction

Source: http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/IT

• Information technology (IT) is a general term that covers all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in various forms.

• IT includes several layers of physical equipment (hardware), virtualization and management or automation tools, operating systems and applications (software) used to perform essential functions. User devices, peripherals and software, such as laptops, smartphones or even recording equipment, can be included in the IT domain. IT can also refer to the architectures, methodologies and regulations governing the use and storage of data.

Source: http://www.templates.com/preview/illustrations/il-1219.html

Communication over the Internet

Base information

Source: http://www.ciec.org/trial/complaint/facts3.html

• Once an individual has access to the Internet, there are a wide variety of different methods of communication and information exchange over the network. • These numerous methods of communication and information retrieval are constantly evolving and are therefore difficult to categorize concisely.• The most common methods of communications on the Internet can be roughly grouped into six categories: one-to-one messaging (ex. "e-mail"), one-to-many messaging (ex."listserv"), distributed message databases (ex. "USENET newsgroups"), real time communication (ex. "Internet Relay Chat"), real time remote computer utilization (ex. "telnet") and remote information retrieval (ex. "ftp," "gopher," and "World Wide Web").

Communication nowadays

Source: http://webliminal.com/essentials/eoc-rtfs/ch03.htm

• The world has change so much in the last decade because of the technologies, as today communication methods include video and audio conferencing and Internet telephony, which are also available on the Internet. They require more multimedia capabilities of computer systems and are more taxing of network resources than the others. They also are adaptations of other technologies to the Internet.• Most of the technologies that are unique to the Internet require communication to be done in text—letters with some symbols and punctuation. Communicating effectively involves taking the time, except in informal communications, to use correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation and writing an appropriate message.

Source: http://sj.foodsci.info/?p=6087

Operating systems

Description

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

• An operating system or OS is a software that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless.

• For hardware functions such as input, output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or be interrupted by it

Basic information

Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/operating_system.html

• The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.

Windows system

Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/645197/Windows-OS

• Windows OS is an computer operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) forIBM-compatible PCs.• Windows version released in 1985 was Windows 95 which for the first time allowed DOS users to visually navigate a virtual desktop, opening graphical “windows” displaying the contents of electronic folders and files with the click of a mouse button, rather than typing commands and directory paths at a text prompt.

Linux system

Source: https://www.linux.com/learn/new-user-guides/376-linux-is-everywhere-an-overview-of-the-linux-operating-system

• Linux is, in simplest terms, an operating system. As an open source operating system. •The definig component of the Linux system is the Linux kernel. • The OS user interface, also known as the shell, is either a command-line interface (CLI), a graphical user interface (GUI), or through controls attached to the associated hardware, which is common for embedded systems. For desktop systems, the default mode is usually a graphical user interface, although the CLI is available through terminal emulator windows or on a separate virtual console.

Unix system

Source: http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/unixintro.html

• UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops.• UNIX OS also has a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft Windows which provides an easy to use environment. However, knowledge of UNIX is required for operations which aren't covered by a graphical program, or for when there is no windows interface available, for example, in a telnet session.

Source: http://www.clavolike.com/desktop-application.html

Desktop application

Description

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software

• Application software is a set of computer programs designed to permit the user to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities. • Application software cannot run on itself but is dependent on system software to execute. • Examples of an application include a word processor, a spreadsheet design and management system, an aeronautical flight simulator, a console game, a drawing, painting, and illustrating system, or a library management system.

Application

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software

• In the entertainment world, it refers to games.• In the business world, it refers to the data entry, update, query (order entry, billing, inventory, human resources, payroll, manufacturing).•The term may also refer to a generic application, often called a "productivity program," such as a Web browser, spreadsheet, word processor, database or e-mail program. For a list of major application software categories you can check here.

Source: http://mashable.com/2008/09/11/social-databases/

Databases

Introduction

Source: http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database

• A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.• In computing, databases are sometimes classified according to their organizational approach. The most prevalent approach is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a network. An object-oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object classes and subclasses.

Information

Source: http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database

• Database management systems (DBMS) are computer software applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL,Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle. • Database management systems are often classified according to the database model that they support; the most popular database systems since the 1980s have all supported the relational model as represented by the SQL language

MySQL

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL

• MySQL  is the world's second most widely used relational database management system and it is open source.• The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License• MySQL is a popular choice of database for web applications, and it’s a central component of the widely used LAMP open source web application software stack. • MySQL is written in C and C++. Its SQL parser is written in yacc, but it uses a home-brewed lexical analyzer.• MySQL can also be run on cloud computing platforms such as Amazon EC2. Some common deployment model for MySQL on the cloud can be “Virtual Machine Image”.

Example of MySQL Workbench

Source: https://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/

Oracle

Source: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14220/intro.htm

• Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.• An Oracle database is a collection of data treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information. A database server is the key to solving the problems of information management.• In general, a server reliably manages a large amount of data in a multiuser environment so that many users can concurrently access the same data.

Example of Oracle database

Source: https://ubuntulife.wordpress.com/2008/05/11/ /

Microsoft SQL Server

Source: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb545450.aspx

• Microsoft SQL Server is a database management and analysis system for e-commerce, line-of-business, and data warehousing solutions.• Microsoft SQL Server is the most common language for databases. It is very used because it can be applyed to very large databases.• The base code for Microsoft SQL Server is the same like Sybase SQL Server and it’s primary query languages are T-SQL (Transact-SQL) and ANSI SQL.

Example of Microsoft SQL Server Database

Source: http://www.upscene.com/database_auditing/sqlserver/

Microsoft Access

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access

• Very simple method to build a database is to use the Microsoft Access tool, which is a very basic model of database for not very large amount of information.• Microsoft Access, also known as Microsoft Office Access, is a database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools.• Microsoft Access applications can adopt a split-database architecture. A single database can be divided into a separate "back-end" file that contains the data tables and a "front-end“ that contains the application's objects such as queries, forms, reports, macros, and modules.

Example of Microsoft Access Database

Source: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/10c826da-c091-4cb1-94a8-f61c671a9be6/can-a-foreign-key-share-the-many-relation-with-more-than-one-table-access-2007?forum=accessdev

1. http://ro.depositphotos.com/35304701/stock-photo-information-technology-in-tag-cloud.html

2. http://www.computerhope.com/os.htm3. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/operating_system.html4. https://techiturn.wordpress.com/2015/05/09/the-window-is-closing-windows-10/5. https://www.google.pl/search?

q=microsoft+access+database&tbm=isch#tbm=isch&q=microsoft+access+database+templates&imgrc=k-Gwq5ZX1PVg6M%253A%3BxDv6ND20meabXM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimg248.imageshack.us%252Fimg248%252F5835%252Fvehicledrivershipperaltmf6.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.mrexcel.com%252Fforum%252Fmicrosoft-access%252F252238-relationships-joins.html%3B975%3B594

References