Simulation Multiphysics 2012 EVAL

2012

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II Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics 2012 – Seminar Notes 8/10/2011

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Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics 2012 – Seminar Notes 8/10/2011 III

Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics 2012 – Seminar Notes

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IV Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics 2012 – Seminar Notes 8/10/2011

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Autodesk® Algor® Simulation CFD 2011 – Seminar Notes 3/15/2010 V

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ................................................ 1

Overview .................................................................................................................................... 1 Installing and Running Autodesk

® Algor

® Simulation ....................................................... 1

System Requirements ....................................................................................................... 2 Autodesk Algor Simulation Help ....................................................................................... 3 Subscription Center ........................................................................................................... 4 Web Links .......................................................................................................................... 4 Tutorials ............................................................................................................................. 5 Webcasts and Web Courses ............................................................................................ 5 How to Receive Technical Support .................................................................................. 5 Updates.............................................................................................................................. 6

Background of FEA ................................................................................................................... 6 What is Finite Element Analysis? ..................................................................................... 6

Fluid Flow Review ..................................................................................................................... 7 Equations Used in the Solution ......................................................................................... 7 Limitations of CFD ............................................................................................................. 8 Basic FEA Concepts ......................................................................................................... 8 The General Flow of an Analysis ................................................................................... 10

Chapter 1: Autodesk® Algor® Simulation CFD Example ......... 11

Chapter Objectives ................................................................................................................. 11 Ball Valve Example ................................................................................................................ 11

Meshing the Model ......................................................................................................... 12 Setting up the Model ...................................................................................................... 13 Analyzing the Model ....................................................................................................... 16 Reviewing the Results .................................................................................................... 17 Creating an Animation .................................................................................................... 18 Generating a Report ....................................................................................................... 19

Chapter 2: Basics of Fluid Flow Analysis .................. 23

Chapter Objectives ................................................................................................................. 23 Fluid Flow Elements ............................................................................................................... 23 Meshing Options .................................................................................................................... 24

Fluid Generation ............................................................................................................. 24 Tetrahedral and Boundary Layer Meshes ..................................................................... 26 Example of Internal Fluid Generation and Boundary Layer Meshing .......................... 28

Loading Options ..................................................................................................................... 32 Prescribed Inlet/Outlets .................................................................................................. 32 Prescribed Velocity ......................................................................................................... 33 Pressure/Traction ........................................................................................................... 33

Load Curves ........................................................................................................................... 36 Convergence Controls for the "Mixed GLS" and "Penalty" Formulation Options ........ 38 Output and Printout Intervals ......................................................................................... 38 Convergence Controls for the "Segregated" Formulation Option................................. 38

Turbulence .............................................................................................................................. 39 Surface Prescribed Turbulence Conditions ................................................................... 40 Wall Roughness ............................................................................................................. 40 Reviewing the Results .................................................................................................... 41

Exercise A: Venturi Model ......................................................................................... 43

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Table of Contents

VI Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics 2012 – Seminar Notes 8/10/2011

Chapter 3: Results Evaluation and Presentation ............ 45

Chapter Objectives ................................................................................................................. 45 Result Types ........................................................................................................................... 45

Reaction Forces ............................................................................................................. 45 Velocity............................................................................................................................ 45 Pressure .......................................................................................................................... 45 Vorticity ........................................................................................................................... 45 Vorticity Precision ........................................................................................................... 46 Flow Rate ........................................................................................................................ 46 Stress .............................................................................................................................. 47

Presentation Options .............................................................................................................. 47 3-D Visualization of 2-D Elements ................................................................................. 47 Slice Planes .................................................................................................................... 47 Particle Paths .................................................................................................................. 48 Streamlines ..................................................................................................................... 50

Exercise B: 3-D Flow around a Building .................................................................. 53

Chapter 4: Additional Loading Options ..................... 55

Chapter Objectives ................................................................................................................. 55 Using a Fan Surface .............................................................................................................. 55

Fan Swirl Effects ............................................................................................................. 56 Example of Fan Surfaces ............................................................................................... 57

Overview of Rotating Frames of Reference .......................................................................... 60 Applying a Rotating Frame of Reference .............................................................................. 60 Number of Rotating Frames of Reference ............................................................................ 61

Example of a Rotating Frame of Reference .................................................................. 63

Exercise C: Fan Model ............................................................................................... 65

Chapter 5: Open Channel Flow .............................. 67

Chapter Objectives ................................................................................................................. 67 Open Channel Flow Overview ............................................................................................... 67

Loads Not Available for Open Channel Flow Analysis ................................................. 68 Initial Fluid Volume ................................................................................................................. 68 Results Unique to Open Channel Flow ................................................................................. 70

Volume of Fluid ............................................................................................................... 70 Open Channel Flow Example ................................................................................................ 70

Extracting the Model Archive ......................................................................................... 70 Defining the Initial Fluid Volume and Inlet/Outlet Surfaces ........................................... 71 Defining the Material and Analysis Parameters ............................................................ 72 Performing the Analysis ................................................................................................. 73 Animating the Results .................................................................................................... 74

Chapter 6: Multiphysics ................................... 75

Chapter Objectives ................................................................................................................. 75 Forced Convection (Uncoupled Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer) ........................................... 75 Natural Convection (Couple Fluid Flow and Thermal) .......................................................... 76

Additional Program Installation Requirements .............................................................. 77 Fluid Structural Interaction (FSI) ............................................................................................ 78 Thermal Stress ....................................................................................................................... 78 Joule Heating .......................................................................................................................... 79

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Table of Contents

Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics 2012 – Seminar Notes 8/10/2011 VII

Result Options ........................................................................................................................ 79 Pipe Tee Example – Uncoupled Fluid/Thermal/Stress ......................................................... 79

Fluid Part Creation and Meshing ................................................................................... 80 Setting up and Analyzing the Fluid Flow Model ............................................................ 83 Reviewing the Fluid Flow Results .................................................................................. 84 Setting up and Analyzing the Thermal Model ............................................................... 85 Reviewing the Thermal Results ..................................................................................... 87 Setting up and Analyzing the Structural Model ............................................................. 88 Reviewing the Structural Results ................................................................................... 90

Heat Exchanger Example – Coupled Fluid/Thermal ............................................................ 92 Opening and Meshing of the Model ............................................................................... 93 Setting up the Model ...................................................................................................... 95 Analyzing the Model ....................................................................................................... 98 Reviewing the Results .................................................................................................... 99

Exercise D: Heat Sink Model ................................................................................... 103

Self Study: Formulation Options, Porous Media, and Transient Mass Transfer ...................... 105

Fluid Flow Formulation Options ........................................................................................... 105 Mixed GLS Formulation: .............................................................................................. 106 Segregated Formulation: .............................................................................................. 107 Penalty Formulation: .................................................................................................... 108

Porous Media ....................................................................................................................... 109 Example of Flow through Porous Media ..................................................................... 109 Using Porous Media in a Steady or Unsteady Fluid Flow Analysis ............................ 114 Example of Using Porous Media in a Steady Fluid Flow Analysis ............................. 115

Self Study Exercise: Flow through Porous Media with Gravity ........................... 121

Transient Mass Transfer Overview ...................................................................................... 123 Meshing Requirements ........................................................................................................ 123 Defining Species .................................................................................................................. 123 Loading Options ................................................................................................................... 124

Part-Based Loads ......................................................................................................... 124 Surface Based Loads ................................................................................................... 125 Nodal Loads.................................................................................................................. 127

Analysis Parameters ............................................................................................................ 128 Result Types ......................................................................................................................... 128

Species Concentration ................................................................................................. 128 Mass Flux ..................................................................................................................... 128 Mass Rate of Face ....................................................................................................... 128

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Table of Contents

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Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics 2012 – Seminar Notes 8/10/2011 11

Autodesk®

Simulation Multiphysics Example

Chapter Objectives

Overview of creating a 3-D fluid flow model.

Overview of adding velocities and boundary conditions to a model.

Overview of defining material properties.

Overview of performing an analysis.

Overview of reviewing results.

Overview of generating a report.

Ball Valve Example

This example is an introduction to the Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics software. The

example will give step-by-step instructions for creating a mesh and analyzing a three-

dimensional (3-D) model of water flowing through a partially opened ball valve. There are

three sections:

Setting up the model – Open the model in the FEA Editor environment and create the

mesh on the model. Then add the necessary loads and constraints and define the model

parameters. Visually check the model for errors with the Results environment.

Analyzing the model – Analyze the model using the fluid flow processor.

Reviewing the results – View the velocity results graphically using the Results environment.

Use the model, Ball Valve.ach, located in the "Chapter 1 Example Model\Input File" folder of

the class directory or Solutions CD. We will create a simple model of the water flowing

through a ball valve (see Figure 1.1). Water will enter the model at a velocity of 0.5 in/s in

the Z direction and exit from the opposite end of the model, where an inlet/outlet condition

will be specified. We will ramp up the velocity in 1 second using 10 steps and will continue

running at the same velocity for another 9 seconds using 10 more steps.

Figure 1.1: Ball Valve Model

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Chapter 1: Example Using Autodesk®

Simulation Multiphysics

12 Autodesk® Simulation Multiphysics 2012 – Seminar Notes 8/10/2011

Meshing the Model

The FEA Editor environment is used to create a mesh for all solid models. You can open CAD

models originating from any of the various CAD solid modelers that are supported, including

the formats of thirteen proprietary CAD products. You can also open models of any of four

supported universal CAD formats (ACIS, IGES, STEP, and STL).

"Start: All Programs:

Autodesk: Autodesk Algor

Simulation 2012: Autodesk

Simulation Multiphysics 2012"

Press the Windows "Start" button and access the "All

Programs" pull-out menu. Select the "Autodesk" folder

and then the "Autodesk Algor Simulation 2012" folder.

Choose the "Autodesk Simulation Multiphysics 2012"

command.

"Open" Click on the "Open" icon at the left side of the dialog.

"Autodesk Simulation Archive

(*.ach)"

Select the "Autodesk Simulation Archive (*.ach)" option in

the Autodesk Simulation Files section of the "Files of type:"

drop-down box.

"Ball Valve.ach" Select the file "Ball Valve.ach" in the "Chapter 1 Example

Model\Input File" directory.

"Open" Press the "Open" button.

"OK" Select the location where you want the model to be

extracted and press the "OK" button.

The model will appear in the FEA Editor environment.

We will use a boundary layer mesh that produces a greater concentration of nodes near the

surface of the fluid, where velocity gradients are the steepest. For the inlet and outlet

surfaces, boundary layers are not desirable. We will exclude these two surfaces from

receiving boundary layers.

"Mesh: Mesh: 3D Mesh

Settings"

Select the "Mesh" tab. Click on the "3D Mesh Settings"

button in the "Mesh" panel.

"Options…" Press the "Options…" button in the "Model Mesh

Settings" dialog.

"Absolute mesh size" Select the "Absolute mesh size" option in the "Type"

drop-down box.

0.2 Type "0.2" in the "Size" field.

"Solid" Select the "Solid" icon on the left edge of the "Model

Mesh Settings" dialog.

"Tetrahedra and wedges

(boundary layer)"

Select the "Tetrahedra and wedges (boundary layer)"

radio button.

"OK" Press the "OK" button.


"View: Navigate: Orientation:

Top View"

Select the "View" tab. Click on the options button to the

bottom of "Orientation" button in the "Navigate" panel.

Select "Top View" from the pull-down menu

Mouse Click on the circular surface facing the screen.

Mouse Right-click in the display area.

"CAD Mesh Options: Exclude

from Boundary Layer"

Select the "CAD Mesh Options" pull-out menu and select

the "Exclude from Boundary Layer" command.

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Bottom View"



Select "Bottom View" from the pull-down menu

Mouse Click on the circular surface facing the screen.

Mouse Right-click in the display area.

"CAD Mesh Options: Exclude

from Boundary Layer"

Select the "CAD Mesh Options" pull-out menu and select

the "Exclude from Boundary Layer" command.

"Mesh: Mesh: Generate 3D

Mesh"

Select the "Generate 3D Mesh" button in the "Mesh"

panel.

"No" Press the "No" button when asked if you want to review the

meshing results.

"View: Navigate: Orbit"

Select the "View" tab. Click on the "Orbit" button in the

"Navigate" panel. You can also access Orbit from the

Navigate Bar. Inspect the mesh on the model, rotating it by

pressing the left mouse button and dragging the cursor around

the screen. This mesh appears to be acceptable.

<Esc> Press the <ESC> key to cancel the view rotate mode.

"View: Orientation: Isometric

View"



Select "Isometric View" from the pull-down menu.

Setting up the Model

The ball valve model will appear as shown in Figure 1.2. If you zoom in on the inlet and

outlet surfaces, which were excluded from receiving boundary layers, you will clearly see the

boundary layers applied to the adjacent cylindrical surfaces.

Figure 1.2: Ball Valve Model in FEA Editor Environment

The FEA Editor environment is used to specify all of the element and analysis parameters for

your model and to apply the loads and constraints. You will notice a red X on certain

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headings in the tree view. This signifies that this data has not yet been specified. You will

need to eliminate all of the red Xs before analyzing the model. Since you have created a solid

mesh, the "Element Type" heading in the tree view is already set to "3-D" and the default

"Element Definition" parameters have been accepted.

Adding Constraints

We must assume that the velocity of the fluid at the wall of the pipe is zero. By default,

before the analysis begins, the program will automatically apply zero-velocity constraints to

all outer surfaces that do not have a load applied or have not been defined as prescribed

inlet/outlets. Therefore we will assign a prescribed velocity at the inlet and apply a prescribed

inlet/outlet at the outlet. The remaining surfaces will be held to zero-velocity.


Bottom View"



Select "Bottom View" from the pull-down menu

Mouse Click on the surface at the end of the model facing the screen.

"Setup: Fluid Flow Loads:

Prescribed Velocity"

Select the "Setup" tab. Click on the "Prescribed

Velocity" button in the "Fluid Flow Loads" panel. The

dialog shown in Figure 1.3 will appear.

Figure 1.3: Surface Prescribed Velocity Dialog

Mouse Activate the "Z Magnitude" checkbox.

0.5 Type "0.5" in the "Z Magnitude" field.



Top View"



Select "Top View" from the pull-down menu

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Mouse Click on the surface at the end of the model facing the screen.

"Setup: Fluid Flow Loads:

Inlet Outlet"

Select the "Setup" tab. Click on the "Inlet Outlet" button

in the "Fluid Flow Loads" panel. A green "I" will appear

on each node in that surface.

"View: Orientation: Isometric

View"



Select "Isometric View" from the pull-down menu.

Assigning the Material Properties

Once the model has been constructed and the loads and constraints have been applied, use the

FEA Editor environment to specify material properties.

Mouse Right-click on the "Material" heading for Part 1.

"Edit Material…" Select the "Edit Material…" command. The "Element

Material Selection" dialog will appear.

"Water"

Highlight the "Water" item from the list of available

materials within the "Liquid" folder as shown in Figure

1.4.

Figure 1.4: Element Material Selection Dialog

"OK" Press the "OK" button to accept the information entered in

the "Element Material Selection" dialog for Part 1.

Assigning the Analysis Parameters

The prescribed velocities will follow a load curve throughout the analysis. This load curve

must be defined in the "Analysis Parameters" dialog. Three indices will be required for the

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load curve—the zero-velocity initial condition, the end of the velocity ramp-up interval (at

1 second), and the end of the steady inlet velocity interval (at 10 seconds).

"Setup: Model Setup:

Parameters"

Select the "Setup" tab. Click on the "Parameters" button

in the "Model Setup" panel.

0 Type "0" in the first row of the "Multiplier" column in

the "Time-Stepping Settings" table.

"Add Row" Press the "Add Row" button.

10 Type "10" in the second row of the "Steps" column.

"Add Row" Press the "Add Row" button.

10 <Tab> <Tab> 10

Type "10" in the third row of the "Time" column, press

<Tab> twice and type "10" in the third row of the "Steps"

column.

The "Time-Stepping Settings" table should appear as shown in Figure 1.5

Figure 1.5: Prescribed Velocity Load Curve

"OK" Press the "OK" button. The model is now ready to review

in the Results environment.

"Analysis: Analysis: Check

Model"

Select the "Analysis" tab. Click on the "Check Model"

button in the "Analysis" panel to review elements,

geometry and loads in the Results environment before

running the analysis.

"Tools: Environments: FEA

Editor"

Once you approve the model, select the "Tools" tab. Press

the "FEA Editor" button in the "Environments" panel to

move back to the FEA Editor environment to run the

analysis.

Analyzing the Model

"Analysis: Analysis: Run

Simulation"

Select the "Analysis" tab. Click on the "Run Simulation"

button in the "Analysis" panel. This opens the model in

the Results environment. The results will automatically

update as calculations are completed.

"Results Options: View: Load

and Constraint"

Click on the "Load and Constraint" button in the "View"

panel with the "Results Options" tab to hide the load and

constraint symbols.

The preceding steps may be done while the solution is running. In addition, you may

minimize the Unsteady Fluid Flow analysis window to better see the model, if desired. The

displayed time step will automatically be incremented as each step converges during the

solution phase. When the analysis has been completed, the analysis window will close and

the associated task bar button will go away.

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Reviewing the Results

Adding a Slice Plane

A slice plane will allow us to view the velocity profile on the interior of the model.

Remember that the velocity for all of the outside boundaries, where no prescribed velocity,

pressure, or inlet/outlet condition was defined, will be zero (dark blue color).

"View: Orientation: Left

View"

Select the "View" tab. Click on the options arrow to the


Select "Left View" from the pull-down menu.

Mouse Right-click on the "Slice Planes" heading under the

"Presentations" heading in the tree view.

"Results Options: View

Settings: Slice Planes: Add

Slice Plane: YZ Plane"

Select the “Results Options" tab. Click on the ―Slice

Planes‖ button in the ―View Settings‖ panel. Select ―YZ

plane‖ from the ―Add Slice Plane‖ pull-out menu

Mouse Right-click on the "YZ Slice Plane" heading in the tree

view.

"Visibility" Select the "Visibility" to hide the YZ slice plane.

"Results Contours: Load Case

Options": "Previous" or

"Next"

Click on the "Previous" and "Next" buttons in the "Load

Case Options" panel within the ―Results Contours‖ tab to

toggle through the velocity results throughout the analysis.

Adding Stream Lines

Streamlines can be added to show the path that the fluid takes through the ball valve. The

colors along the length of the streamlines will reflect the change in velocity as the fluid moves

along its path through the ball valve.

“Results Inquire: Flow

Visualization: Add

Streamlines”

Click on the "Add Streamlines" button in the "Flow

visualization" panel within the ―Results Inquire‖ tab to

insert streamlines to the Velocity Magnitude presentation.

"Selection: Shape: Rectangle"

Select the "Selection" tab. Make sure the "Rectangle"

button is selected in the "Shape" panel.

"Selection: Select: Nodes"

Within the same tab, make sure the "Nodes" button is

selected in the "Select" panel.

Mouse Draw a rectangle enclosing the bottom edge of the model.

"Add" Select the "Add" command.

Mouse Drag the "Streamlines" dialog out of the way if it is

obstructing the view of the results legend or model.

The model should now appear as shown in Figure 1.6.

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Figure 1.6: Model with Streamlines

Creating an Animation

Before creating an animation, we will fix the legend display range so that it is the same for all

frames. We have twenty time steps available, so we'll use a frame rate of 5 fps, yielding a

four second animation.

Mouse

Click on the "X" icon in the upper right corner of the

"Streamlines" dialog to close it.

"Results Contours: Settings:

Legend Properties: Setup"

Click on the "Setup" button in the "Legend Properties‖

pull-down menu within the ―Settings‖ panel in the ―Results

Contour‖ tab to edit the legend.

"Range Settings" Select the "Range Settings" tab.

Mouse Deselect the "Automatically calculate value range"

checkbox.

1 Enter "1" in the "High" field under the "Current Range"

heading.

"OK" Click on the "OK" button.

"Results Contours: Captures:

Animate: Save as AVI"

Click on the "Save As AVI " button in the "Animate‖ pull-

down menu within the ―Captures‖ panel in the ―Results

Contour‖ tab.

5 Enter "5" in the "Playback Frames per Second (FPS)"

field.

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"1" Enter "1" in the "Start Step" field. This will exclude the

time step zero frame, which has no streamlines.

"640x480" Using the drop-down box in the "Preset" field under the

"Target Resolution" heading, select "640x480."

"Save" Press the "Save" button to save the animation to an AVI

file format.

"No" Press the "No" button when asked if you want to view the

animation.

Generating a Report

In this section, you will automatically create an HTML report using the Report Configuration

Utility. We will include a user-specified animation within the report.

"Tools: Report"

Access the TOOLS pull-down menu and select the

"Report" command to change to the Report environment.

"Report: Setup: Configure"

Select the "Configure" button in the "Setup" panel. This

will open the dialog shown in Figure 1.7.

Figure 1.7: Report Configuration Utility

NOTE: When selecting portions of the report to modify, click on the item name and not on the

checkbox. Clicking on the checkbox will toggle the inclusion state of the item (that is,

whether it is to be included or excluded from the HTML report).

Mouse

Activate the "Logo" checkbox. The default Autodesk® logo

will be used. Note that you can browse to a logo of your own

choice.

Mouse Select the "Project Name" heading.

Ball Valve Click and drag the mouse to select the text "Design

Analysis" and type "Ball Valve" to replace it.

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Analysis of Water

Flowing through a Ball

Valve

Click and drag the mouse to select the text "Project Title

Here" and replace this text by typing "Analysis of Water

Flowing through a Ball Valve".

Mouse Select the "Title and Author" heading.

Your Name Type your name into the "Author" field.

Your Department Type your department name into the "Department" field.

Mouse Select the "Reviewer" heading.

Name of Reviewer Type the name of the person who checked the model into

the "Reviewer" field.

Department of Reviewer Enter the name of the department of the person who

checked the model into the "Department" field.

Passed all FEA tests Type "Passed all FEA tests" into the "Comments" field.

Mouse

Exclude the "Executive Summary" item by clicking on

the associated checkbox. This item will be excluded from

the report.

Mouse Select the “Processor Log Files " heading.

Mouse

Exclude the "Processor Log Files" item by clicking on the

associated checkbox. This item will be excluded from the

report.

NOTES: Text can be added as desired within the "Executive Summary" section using the built-in

word processor features. A variety of font and paragraph styles are included, such as bullet or

numbered lists, tables, tabs, and various text justification settings.

The following sections are automatically generated and cannot be modified. The analyst may

only include or exclude these items or alter their order of appearance within the report:

Summary

Analysis Parameters

Parts

Element

Material

Loads

Constraints

Probes

Rotating Frames (applicable to fluid flow analysis)

Initial Fluid Volume (applicable to open-channel analysis)

Watermark

Results Presentations

Processor Log Files Group

Code Checking – Single Load Case

Code Checking – Detailed

Code Checking – All Load Cases

"Tree: Add AVI File"

Access the TREE pull-down menu and select the "Add

AVI File" command. This will allow you to include an

animation file within the report.

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"Ball Valve.avi" Navigate to the model folder and select Ball Valve.avi as the

file to attach to the report.

"Open" Press the "Open" button.

"Generate Report"

Press the "Generate Report" button. This will automatically

bring up the report, which will appear as shown in Figure 1.8

below.

Figure 1.8: Completed Report

NOTE: The default title image is the model as it currently appears within the FEA Editor

environment. A different image may be substituted for this one and/or the image may be

resized using the report configuration utility. To resize the image, click and drag the handles

that appear around the image border while it is selected or right-click on the image and choose

the "Format Image" command.

Mouse

Scroll through and review the full report. The animation

should appear at the bottom of the report and be looping

continuously.

A completed archive of this model, including results, Ball Valve.ach, is located in the

"Chapter 1 Example Model\Results Archive" folder of the class directory or Solutions CD.

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Simulation Multiphysics 2012 EVAL

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