Silecte™ 3rd Party Test Results and Certiﬁcations Version...

Silecte™ 3rd Party Test Results and Certifications

Claire Technologies Silecte™ 3rd Party Test Results and Certifications Version 1.0

About this white paper This white paper has been developed by Claire Technologies LLC, in collaboration with certified labs and

partners. This work is the result of 3rd party, accredited testing labs, government institutions, private companies, and Claire’s microbiological lab.

About Silecte™ Disinfection Media Silecte™ disinfection media works by attracting electrons at a high rate from passing microorganisms in the water. During the production phase, Silecte™ disinfection media is structured as a P-type semiconductor

through a spatial deposition of different chemical layers on the silica surface. This micron-accurate arrangement of surface deposits gives Silecte™ an absence of valence electrons on its outermost layer. As microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) come into direct contact with Silecte™, the electrons inside the pathogens are instantly

attracted by the quantum-charged Silecte™ surface. This charge and surface attraction of the microorganism’s electrons causes the entire structure to collapse on a molecular scale, with the electrons transferring immediately

to the Silecte™ surface.

Certifications and Safety Silecte™ has been validated for entry in the EPA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA).

Entry into the CRADA does not indicate endorsement by the the EPA for any product. Silecte™ is NSF/ANSI 42 certifed.

Quoting this white paper Please credit Claire Technologies when quoting this white paper. Available at www.claire-tech.com

Editor in Chief Daniel Thomas for Claire Technologies [email protected]

Contributors Cristian Chis, PhD [email protected] Daniel Thomas [email protected] Adeyemi Adenola, MD [email protected] Joel Alva [email protected] Mark Timmons [email protected] Ed Kneuve [email protected]

© 2016 Claire Technologies LLC

Certifications

NSF/ANSI Standard 42

Claire Technologies began the certification process for Silecte™ disinfection media on May 23rd, 2016. The certification was for number 42 for drinking water and the agency was NSF International. The Claire Technologies manufacturing facility was audited and certified by NSF on May 31st, 2016 (Appendix A).

Silecte™ X3 disinfection media was certified to the NSF/ANSI 42 standard on August 16th, 2016 (Appendix A), certifying the product safe for use in drinking water situations.

These certifications are available on NSF’s website (www.nsf.org).

EPA CRADA 865-15

Claire Technologies was invited to participate in an EPA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) pending product evaluation in the EPA testing lab.

Silecte™ was tested at the EPA facility in Cincinatti, Ohio on March 23rd, 2015 and a report was issued by CB&I on March 30th, 2015. The report indicated a 6 log reduction of E. coli (CFU per 100 ml/5.00+06) in the water passing through Silecte™ X3 disinfection media (Appendix A).

While the EPA does not certify technology, they tested the efficacy of Silecte™ X3 disinfection media before inviting Claire to joint the CRADA. The test was successful. Based on this successful evaluation of Silecte™ X3 disinfection media, the EPA invited Claire Technologies to participate in a CRADA for emergency drinking water systems. The CRADA was a joint management by the EPA and National Homeland Security Research Center. The CRADA was signed on 8/18/2015.

Claire Technologies is an EPA registered production facility (Facility No.:92229).

In 2014, representatives from the Byrraju Foundation (http://www.byrrajufoundation.org) in the West Godavari District of India contacted Claire Technologies about providing a solution to their current drinking water stations located in the villages of Kommara and Mogallu.

The Byrraju Foundation used UV systems to disinfect the water, however rolling blackouts and bulb maintenance made this technology unusable in these stations.

Claire Technologies used Silecte™ X3 disinfection media in place of UV installations at two points within the drinking water stations.

Typical flow rates were 35 GPM to fill reservoirs.

The installation was performed at both plants on April 24th, 2014 and tests were performed twice weekly for total coliform and E. coli.

Testing was done by the Byrraju Foundation lab using a heterotrophic plate count (HPC).

Testing for the units finished on 7/3/15, at which point new units were shipped to the Byrraju Foundation for installation.

Drinking Water Case Studies

Village Drinking Water Stations

Silecte™ X3Silecte™ X3

160 grams of Silecte™ X3 disinfection media

Village Water Source Sampling Date Total Coliform

Mogallu Raw Water 4/26/14 3.2 x 103

Silecte™ X3 4/26/14 <1

Kommara Raw Water 4/29/14 1.8 x 104

Silecte™ X3 4/29/14 <1


Silecte™ X3 5/4/14 <1


Silecte™ X3 6/8/14 <1


Silecte™ X3 7/15/14 <1


Silecte™ X3 8/15/14 <1


Silecte™ X3 9/16/14 <1


Silecte™ X3 10/25/14 <1

4/26/14 - 7/3/15

In January of 2015, a T-filter system containing Silecte™ X3 was installed at a private wells in the city of Colquitt, GA. The bacteria concentration in the untreated well varied from log 2 (1.4 x 102) to log 4 (5.3 x 104).

The well water upstream and downstream from the unit containing Silecte™ X3 disinfection media was independently analyzed by Ackuritlabs, Inc in Tallahassee, FL (Appendix B).

During the 12 month testing period, no bacteria was detected on the well using Silecte™ X3 disinfection media.

Well Water Installation


1/3/15 - Present

Date Bacteria Upstream (CFU/100ml)

Bacteria Downstream (CFU/100ml)

1/3/15 45 A (absent)

1/4/15 12 A (absent)

1/15/15 13 A (absent)

2/13/15 24 A (absent)

3/15/15 190 A (absent)

3/23/15 80 A (absent)

4/13/15 108 A (absent)

5/10/15 63 A (absent)

6/3/15 94 A (absent)

6/25/15 142 A (absent)

7/11/15 28 A (absent)

8/3/15 8 A (absent)

11/9/15 98 A (absent)

12/5/15 2 A (absent)


Water ATM 2/23/16 - Present

In February of 2016, Claire Technologies worked with PureTech Solutions Ltd (www.http://www.puretechsolutions.org) to test if Silecte™ was a viable alternative within water ATM’s at railway stations within Hyderabad in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Silecte™ disinfection media was tested with the intention of replacing UF membranes and UV units within the water ATM’s. The client wished to use a system that required no power and no chemicals to operate.

Testing was performed by a WQA, NABL and KSPCB certified lab in India (Appendix B).

Testing volume was 750 liters at a low peristaltic rate, where the treated water was then collected by a reservoir, accessible by the end user.

Silecte™ X3 disinfection media performed with a 6 log (>99.9999%) reduction of E. coli (MTCC 68) and performed with a 4 log (>99.99%) reduction of virus (MS2 phage ATCC 15597) within the applicable ATM flow rates.

The first water ATM using Silecte™ was installed at the Hyderabad railway station on 4/3/16.

The unit was able to treat the water to EPA purifier standards using no power and no chemicals.

Currently, Silecte™ is planning to roll out within other water ATM’s within Indian railway stations, and in places where water purification is difficult because of either power restrictions or contamination of existing city or town systems.

Volume of WaterE. Coli Input

WaterE. Coli Output

Water% Reduction MS2 Input Water

MS2 Output Water

% Reduction

750 ml 2 x 105 no viable count >99.9999 3 x 104 no viable count >99.99

75 liters 3 x 105 no viable count >99.9999 2 x 104 no viable count >99.99


Stagnation (48 hours)

3 x 105 no viable count >99.9999 2 x 104 no viable count >99.99





Point-of Use Disinfection 11/17/14 - Present

In November of 2014, Claire Technologies sent a sample of its water bottle filtration element to the Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology (www.gddcm.com) in China at a client’s request. The goal of the the test was to establish the efficacy of the filter element, which utilized a carbon block with Silecte™ disinfection media inside the core (Appendix B).

The Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology is located in Guangzhou, China. The center tested Silecte™ disinfection media to the Technical Standard for Disinfection 2.1.4.1. These standards are set by the Chinese Ministry of Health.

For testing, challenge water was placed into the bottle and the carbon element with Silecte™ inside was then attached to the top of the bottle. Challenge water was then squeezed through the element and samples were collected on both sides. 550ml of water was used each test, and a total of 3 were run. Results can be seen in the table below.

Silecte™ destroyed the E. coli used in the challenge water.

Test Bacteria Test Time Test GroupAverage CFU of Testing

Groups (CFU/100ml)Average CFU of Positive Controls (CFU/100ml)

Sterilization Rate

E. coli (8099) 1h 1 <1 6.3 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)

E. coli (8099) 1h 2 <1 6.2 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)

E. coli (8099) 1h 3 <1 5.1 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)

E. coli (8099) 2h 1 <1 6.3 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)

E. coli (8099) 2h 2 <1 6.2 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)

E. coli (8099) 2h 3 <1 5.1 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)

E. coli (8099) 3h 1 <1 6.3 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)

E. coli (8099) 3h 2 <1 6.2 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)

E. coli (8099) 3h 3 <1 5.1 x 104 >99.99 (log 4)


2/5/15 - Present

Units # colonies/100ml # colonies/100ml # colonies/100ml

Methodology SM 9222 B EPA 1603 EPA 1600

Detection Limit 1.0 2.0 2.0

Blank Through Bottle Total Coliform #colonies/100mlE. Coli

#colonies/100mlEnterococcus

#colonies/100ml

Blank Through Silecte™ Undetected Undetected Undetected

Pos. Control Bottle Undetected Undetected Undetected

Pos. Control Silecte™ Undetected Undetected Undetected

Raw WW Through Bottle 20 Undetected Undetected

Raw WW Through Silecte™ 10 Undetected Undetected

Positive Control 1,700,000 1,300,000 8,300,000,000 Z (TNTC)

Raw Wastewater 32,000,000 570,000 800,000

In February of 2015, Claire Technologies was asked by a military procurement group to test Silecte™ disinfection media against challenge water containing 3.2 x 108 CFU/100ml.

The goal was to see if Silecte™ disinfection media was a viable alternative to UF membranes and chlorine tablets, commonly used in emergency and military drinking water situations.

The criteria was established using 3 types of microorganisms: Total Coliform (SM 9222 B), E. coli (EPA 1603), and Enterococcus (EPA 1600).

The testing was carried out by the third party lab, Ackuritlabs, Inc. in Tallahassee, Florida and the report was formulated on February 11th, 2015 (Appendix B).

In the test, raw water was used to pass through a bottle with a carbon filter containing 3 grams of Silecte™.

In the other test, water passed through the filter element again, but this time using only Silecte™ instead of carbon.

This test used 10 grams of Silecte™ due to extra space in the housing.

Silecte™ achieved a log 7 reduction of the Total Coliforms and E. coli, and a 10 log reduction of Enterococcus.

Emergency/Military Disinfection

Wastewater Case Studies

Wastewater Disinfection 9/10/14- Present

Claire Technologies was contacted by a confidential client with the idea to use Silecte™ for wastewater disinfection.

The site chosen was near Beaufort, SC. It was a small wastewater plant that served a community of 1000 residents on an island.

The current treatment consisted of a screen filter, clarifier, then chlorine treatment before exiting into the receiving waters.

Silecte™ was used in an Amiad housing just after the clarifier and before the chlorine system. An additional primary filtration system was also installed in order to protect the surface of Silecte™.

This system had both micron screens and carbon beds with different sampling points to analyze the efficacy of Silecte™ with each primary filtration method.

Samples were obtained upstream and downstream.

Chain of custody was maintained between the plant supervisor and the testing agency.

The testing agency used was Microbac Laboratories in Fayetteville, NC. Transport of the water was achieved using ice packs and a cooler.

Fecal coliforms were analyzed for upstream and downstream samples after 1 week of continuous flows at 25 GPM.

Upstream samples were classified as too numerous to count (TNTC) and Silecte™ achieved a complete microorganism reduction (Appendix B).

Analyte Result Units Method

Pre (Raw Water)

Fecal Coliform TNTC per 100 ml SM 9222 D-1997

Microns Screens

Fecal Coliform <10 per 100 ml SM 9222 D-1997

One Carbon Bed

Fecal Coliform <1.0 per 100 ml SM 9222 D-1997

Two Carbon Beds

Fecal Coliform <1.0 per 100 ml SM 9222 D-1997

Wastewater Case Studies

Parameter Units Date Analyzed Site #1 Site #2

Fecal Coliform col/100ml 12/4/13 2 10

Fecal Coliform col/100ml 1/15/14 <1 <1


Fecal Coliform col/100ml 4/2/14 5 <1






Wastewater Disinfection 12/4/13- 11/26/14

Claire Technologies first wanted to use Silecte™ on wastewater, given the challenge posed on both the CFU bacterial count and the water quality in general.

With the help of an engineering group, Claire was able to design a small 5 GPM side stream of wastewater after coming through a disc filter. Two sites were equipped with this small side stream. The side stream would pull water just before going through a UV system, but after the 30 micron disc filter.

The test was to run for 12 months and samples were collected numerous times within those months. The media used was inside of a Ron Vik style housing, with a custom designed cartridge to hold the media.

The media was not changed the entire time it was used within these side streams. Performance measurements indicated no loss of Silecte™ disinfection capability over time. Upstream fecal coliform readings were always too numerous to count (TNTC).

NSF 42

Appendix A - Certifications

EPA Evaluation

Byrraju Foundation

Appendix B - Case Study Test Results

Well Water Installation

Point-of-Use Disinfection

Emergency/Military Disinfection

Wastewater Disinfection

Fayetteville Division

Certificate of Analysis

Project: Water Samples - Beaufort Group Fripp IslandDate Reported: 09/11/14Precision Atmospheres

6001 Limousine DriveMr. Daniel McCracken

Raleigh NC, 27613Date Sampled: 09/10/14

Sampled By: Gross

Date Received: 09/10/14

ResultAnalyte Analyzed Method QualifierUnits

K4I0342-01

Analyzed By

Pre (Raw Water)

Analyzed by: Microbac Laboratories, Inc. - Fayetteville

Coliform, Fecal per 100 ml SM 9222 D-199709/10/14 15:55 JAOTNTC


K4I0342-02

Analyzed By

Micron Screens


Coliform, Fecal per 100 ml SM 9222 D-199709/10/14 15:55 JAO<10


K4I0342-03

Analyzed By

One Carbon


Coliform, Fecal per 100 ml SM 9222 D-199709/10/14 15:55 JAO<1.0


K4I0342-04

Analyzed By

Two Carbon


Coliform, Fecal per 100 ml SM 9222 D-199709/10/14 15:55 JAO<1.0

State Certifications:NCDNR #11NCDOH #37714

Respectfully Submitted

Jeanne Overstreet, Project Manager

Thank you for your business. We invite your feedback on our level of service to you. Please contact the Division Manager, Rob Dermer at 910-864-1920 with any questions. You may also contact J. Trevor Boyce, President at [email protected]

Microbac Laboratories, Inc.

2592 Hope Mills Road | Fayetteville, NC 28306 | 910.864.1920 p | 910.864.8774 f | www.microbac.comPage 1 of 2

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