Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and...
Transcript of Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and...
![Page 1: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sign language linguistics, Part I:Phonology and morphology
Jeremy Kuhn
Language, Summer 2014
![Page 2: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Two modalities of language
Spoken language Sign language
Articulators: Mouth/tongue Hands/faceSignal: Linear, acoustic waveform Multi-dimensional imagePerception: Auditory (ears) Visual system (eyes)
![Page 4: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Section 1
Getting started
![Page 5: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Some myths about sign language
I Myth 1: Sign language is mime.
I Sign languages can talk about non-tangible things: ideas,philosophy, mathematics, ...
I Words are arbitrary:
American Sign Language: ‘where’
French Sign Language: ‘not’
Israeli Sign Language: ‘who’
Japanese Sign Language: ‘what’
![Page 6: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Some myths about sign language
I Myth 1: Sign language is mime.
I Sign languages can talk about non-tangible things: ideas,philosophy, mathematics, ...
I Words are arbitrary:
American Sign Language: ‘where’
French Sign Language: ‘not’
Israeli Sign Language: ‘who’
Japanese Sign Language: ‘what’
![Page 7: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Some myths about sign language
I Myth 1: Sign language is mime.
I Sign languages can talk about non-tangible things: ideas,philosophy, mathematics, ...
I Words are arbitrary:
American Sign Language: ‘where’
French Sign Language: ‘not’
Israeli Sign Language: ‘who’
Japanese Sign Language: ‘what’
![Page 8: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Some myths about sign language
I Myth 1: Sign language is mime.
I Sign languages can talk about non-tangible things: ideas,philosophy, mathematics, ...
I Words are arbitrary:
American Sign Language: ‘where’
French Sign Language: ‘not’
Israeli Sign Language: ‘who’
Japanese Sign Language: ‘what’
![Page 9: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Some myths about sign language
I Myth 1: Sign language is mime.
I Sign languages can talk about non-tangible things: ideas,philosophy, mathematics, ...
I Words are arbitrary:
American Sign Language: ‘where’
French Sign Language: ‘not’
Israeli Sign Language: ‘who’
Japanese Sign Language: ‘what’
![Page 10: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Some myths about sign language
I Myth 2: There is one sign language.
Dr. Peter Hauser (right) presenting in ASL at TISLR 11, simultaneouslybeing translated into English, British Sign Language (left), and variousother sign languages (across the bottom of the stage).
![Page 11: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Some myths about sign languageFrom airbnb.com:
![Page 12: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Some myths about sign language
I Myth 3: ASL is signed English.
I Sign languages have their own grammar.
I In fact...I ASL and BSL (British SL) are different languages!
I ASL is descended from LSF (French SL).
I So: it would be easier for an American signer tounderstand a French signer than a British signer!
![Page 13: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
In short...
I Sign language is a natural human language.I We see the same grammatical patterns that we see in
spoken language.I Syntax, semantics, morphology, .... even phonology!I Conclusion: the same underlying cognitive system.
I But, several places where ‘modality matters’.I What can you do with signs that you can’t with speech?
![Page 14: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Section 2
Sign language ‘phonetics’
![Page 15: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Parameters of sign language
I Recall our first description of spoken languagephonology...
I Three phonetic parameters:I Place of articulationI Manner of articulationI Voicing
I Sign language is exactly parallelI Four phonetic parameters:
I HandshapeI LocationI MovementI Orientation
![Page 16: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Minimal pairs
I In spoken language, we can find minimal pairs for eachparameter.
I Spoken language:I Place of articulation: /pap/, /kap/, /tap/I Manner of articulation: /dEd/, /nEd/, /zEd/I Voicing: /b2g/, /p2g/
I In sign language, we can also find minimal pairs.
![Page 17: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Handshape
![Page 18: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Minimal pairs: handshape
THINK ∼ KNOW
TWIN ∼ RESTAURANT ∼ ISRAEL
![Page 19: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Minimal pair: orientation
NAME ∼ CHAIR
STAR ∼ SOCKS
![Page 20: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Minimal pairs: location
FATHER ∼ MOTHER ∼ FINE
I DRY ∼ SUMMER ∼ UGLY
![Page 21: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Minimal pair: motion
TRAIN ∼ CHAIR
COFFEE ∼ MAKE
![Page 22: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Practice: minimal pairs
LUCKY ∼ SMART
SCIENCE ∼ CHEMISTRY
BROOKLYN ∼ BOSTON ∼ BLUE
MARRY ∼ PROOF
![Page 23: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Non-manual markers
I JOHN LIKE ICECREAM
‘John likes icecream.’
I
br
JOHN LIKE ICECREAM
‘Does John like icecream?’
The function of non-manuals
I Grammatical: Y/N questions, wh-questions, negation,conditionals. (Similar to intonation in spoken language.)
I Affective (adverbial): repeatedly, slowly, carefully. . .
I Non-manuals articulated concurrently with manual signs.I Modality-specific effects (both today and tomorrow).
![Page 24: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Non-manual markers
I JOHN LIKE ICECREAM‘John likes icecream.’
I
br
JOHN LIKE ICECREAM‘Does John like icecream?’
The function of non-manuals
I Grammatical: Y/N questions, wh-questions, negation,conditionals. (Similar to intonation in spoken language.)
I Affective (adverbial): repeatedly, slowly, carefully. . .
I Non-manuals articulated concurrently with manual signs.I Modality-specific effects (both today and tomorrow).
![Page 25: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Non-manual markers
I JOHN LIKE ICECREAM‘John likes icecream.’
I
br
JOHN LIKE ICECREAM‘Does John like icecream?’
The function of non-manuals
I Grammatical: Y/N questions, wh-questions, negation,conditionals. (Similar to intonation in spoken language.)
I Affective (adverbial): repeatedly, slowly, carefully. . .
I Non-manuals articulated concurrently with manual signs.I Modality-specific effects (both today and tomorrow).
![Page 26: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Non-manual markers
I JOHN LIKE ICECREAM‘John likes icecream.’
I
br
JOHN LIKE ICECREAM‘Does John like icecream?’
The function of non-manuals
I Grammatical: Y/N questions, wh-questions, negation,conditionals. (Similar to intonation in spoken language.)
I Affective (adverbial): repeatedly, slowly, carefully. . .
I Non-manuals articulated concurrently with manual signs.I Modality-specific effects (both today and tomorrow).
![Page 27: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Features
I In both spoken language and sign language, we can breakdown phonological parameters into features.
I Spoken language:I Place =
[±coronoal], [±velar], [±anterior], [±labial], ...I Spoken language:
I Handshape =[±thumb], [±bent], [±ulnar], [±one], ...
![Page 28: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Section 3
Phonology
![Page 29: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Phonological processes
I So far, a first approximation of sign language phonetics.I Now: we look at phonology: rules and patterns.
I The cognitive status of natural classes:1. They are a phonetically coherent group of sounds.
(E.g. [+high] vowels produced with a raised tongue).
2. They can be targeted by phonological rules.(E.g. [+high] vowels devoiced in Japanese.).
![Page 30: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Phonological processes
I Today, we will look at two processes in sign language:I Weak-hand dropI Assimilation
I Throughout: parallels to spoken language.
![Page 31: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Weak-hand drop
Weak-drop
I TEACH + ER = TEACHERI SCIENCE + ER = SCIENTISTI LEARN + ER = STUDENT
weak-drop
A phonological process in a phonological environment.What’s the rule?
I LAW + ER = LAWYER
weak-drop
I MANAGE + ER = MANAGER
none
![Page 32: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Weak-hand drop
Weak-drop
I TEACH + ER = TEACHERI SCIENCE + ER = SCIENTISTI LEARN + ER = STUDENT weak-drop
A phonological process in a phonological environment.What’s the rule?
I LAW + ER = LAWYER
weak-drop
I MANAGE + ER = MANAGER
none
![Page 33: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Weak-hand drop
Weak-drop
I TEACH + ER = TEACHERI SCIENCE + ER = SCIENTISTI LEARN + ER = STUDENT weak-drop
A phonological process in a phonological environment.What’s the rule?
I LAW + ER = LAWYER
weak-drop
I MANAGE + ER = MANAGER
none
![Page 34: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Weak-hand drop
Weak-drop
I TEACH + ER = TEACHERI SCIENCE + ER = SCIENTISTI LEARN + ER = STUDENT weak-drop
A phonological process in a phonological environment.What’s the rule?
I LAW + ER = LAWYER
weak-drop
I MANAGE + ER = MANAGER
none
![Page 35: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Weak-hand drop
Weak-drop
I TEACH + ER = TEACHERI SCIENCE + ER = SCIENTISTI LEARN + ER = STUDENT weak-drop
A phonological process in a phonological environment.What’s the rule?
I LAW + ER = LAWYER weak-dropI MANAGE + ER = MANAGER none
![Page 36: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Assimilation in English (Review)
I Assimilation is the phonological process where onesound becomes similar to an adjacent segment.
I Example: nasal place assimilation in EnglishI interminable /n/ → [n]
intangibleintolerant
I impossible /n/ → [m]implausibeimpolite
I inconceivable /n/ → [N]incongruousincomplete
![Page 37: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Assimilation in English
An optional process of nasal assimilation:
I In + k2mplit → INk2mplit
I More schematized:n + k = N k
[+nasal] [−voice] [+nasal] [−voice][+coronal] [+velar] [+velar] [+velar]
I Generalization: the /n/ of ‘in-’ changes its place tomatch the following consonant.
/n/ → [+velar] / [+velar]
![Page 38: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Assimilation in English
An optional process of nasal assimilation:
I In + k2mplit → INk2mplit
I More schematized:n + k = N k
[+nasal] [−voice] [+nasal] [−voice][+coronal] [+velar] [+velar] [+velar]
I Generalization: the /n/ of ‘in-’ changes its place tomatch the following consonant.
/n/ → [+velar] / [+velar]
![Page 39: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Assimilation in English
An optional process of nasal assimilation:
I In + k2mplit → INk2mplit
I More schematized:n + k = N k
[+nasal] [−voice] [+nasal] [−voice][+coronal] [+velar] [+velar] [+velar]
I Generalization: the /n/ of ‘in-’ changes its place tomatch the following consonant.
/n/ → [+velar] / [+velar]
![Page 40: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Assimilation in sign language
I Handshape assimilation in sign language:
I RED + CHOP = TOMATO
+ =
I Assimilation of the entire handshape.
![Page 41: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Assimilation in sign language
I Handshape assimilation in sign language:
I RED + CHOP = TOMATO
+ =
I Assimilation of the entire handshape.
![Page 42: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Assimilation in sign language
I Handshape assimilation in sign language:
I RED + CHOP = TOMATO
+ =
I Assimilation of the entire handshape.
![Page 43: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Handshape assimilation
I Partial assimilation:
THINK + SELF = ‘think for yourself’
+ =[+index] [−index] [+index] [−index][−thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb]
I A new handshape is produced!I Just like [n] + [k] produced [N].
![Page 44: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Handshape assimilation
I Partial assimilation:
THINK + SELF = ‘think for yourself’
+ =[+index] [−index] [+index] [−index][−thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb]
I A new handshape is produced!I Just like [n] + [k] produced [N].
![Page 45: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Handshape assimilation
I Partial assimilation:
THINK + SELF = ‘think for yourself’
+ =[+index] [−index] [+index] [−index][−thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb]
I A new handshape is produced!I Just like [n] + [k] produced [N].
![Page 46: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Handshape assimilation
I Partial assimilation:
TIME + SAME = ‘simultaneous’
+ =[+index] [−index] [+index] [−index][−thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb][−pinky] [+pinky] [+pinky] [+pinky]
![Page 47: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Handshape assimilation
I Partial assimilation:
TIME + SAME = ‘simultaneous’
+ =[+index] [−index] [+index] [−index][−thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb] [+thumb][−pinky] [+pinky] [+pinky] [+pinky]
![Page 48: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Handshape assimilation
I Like with English velars, assimilation may be optional:I Example:
BELIEVE (= THINK + MARRY) has two forms.
I We can represent the pattern as an optional rule:
→ /
![Page 49: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Section 5
Simultaneity in morphology
![Page 50: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
SimultaneityI Although hands are independent articulators, we never we
simultaneous, two-handed compounds.
I FATHER + MOTHER = PARENTS
I Signed in succession with a single hand, notsimultaneously with two.
(not possible)
![Page 51: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Simultaneity
I A possible exception:
I Brazilian sign language has some lexical signs which areentirely non-manual.
I SEX (cheek puff)I STEAL (lip lick)
I Simultaneous compounds in Brazilian Sign Language?I HONEYMOON = SEX + TRAVELI MOTEL = SEX + HOTELI ENRAPTURE = STEAL + GET-ATTENTION
(Data courtesy of Aline Garcia Rodero Takahira)
I Why?
Non-manuals easier to dissociate than H1 and H2?
![Page 52: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Simultaneity
I A possible exception:
I Brazilian sign language has some lexical signs which areentirely non-manual.
I SEX (cheek puff)I STEAL (lip lick)
I Simultaneous compounds in Brazilian Sign Language?I HONEYMOON = SEX + TRAVELI MOTEL = SEX + HOTELI ENRAPTURE = STEAL + GET-ATTENTION
(Data courtesy of Aline Garcia Rodero Takahira)
I Why?
Non-manuals easier to dissociate than H1 and H2?
![Page 53: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Simultaneity
I A possible exception:
I Brazilian sign language has some lexical signs which areentirely non-manual.
I SEX (cheek puff)I STEAL (lip lick)
I Simultaneous compounds in Brazilian Sign Language?I HONEYMOON = SEX + TRAVELI MOTEL = SEX + HOTELI ENRAPTURE = STEAL + GET-ATTENTION
(Data courtesy of Aline Garcia Rodero Takahira)
I Why?
Non-manuals easier to dissociate than H1 and H2?
![Page 54: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Simultaneity
I A possible exception:
I Brazilian sign language has some lexical signs which areentirely non-manual.
I SEX (cheek puff)I STEAL (lip lick)
I Simultaneous compounds in Brazilian Sign Language?I HONEYMOON = SEX + TRAVELI MOTEL = SEX + HOTELI ENRAPTURE = STEAL + GET-ATTENTION
(Data courtesy of Aline Garcia Rodero Takahira)
I Why? Non-manuals easier to dissociate than H1 and H2?
![Page 55: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Section 6
Epenthesis (if there’s time)
![Page 56: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Section 7
Summary
![Page 57: Sign language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and … language linguistics, Part I: Phonology and morphology ... Minimal pairs I Inspokenlanguage ... Sign language linguistics, Part](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5b00a84d7f8b9af1148cf55f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Summary
I Sign language, too, has linguistic patterns.I Sign language segments categorized by four parameters:
I HandshapeI LocationI MovementI Orientation
I Within each parameter, further featural-breakdown.I Phonological rules may target specific features.
I Weak-dropI AssimilationI (Epenthesis)
I Occasionally: modality-specific effects.