SHMP FINAL 14Oct 2013 - California 2013... · Phil Oglesby Senior Analyst ... California Emergency...

2013

Edmund G. Brown, Jr.Governor

Mark S. GhilarducciDirector

California Governor’sOffice of Emergency Services

CALIFORNIAMULTI-HAZARD

MITIGATION PLAN

2013 STATE OF CALIFORNIA MULTI‐HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN

PREPARED BY:

California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services 3650 Schriever Avenue Mather, CA 95655 www.caloes.ca.gov

WITH SUPPORT FROM:

City and Regional Planning Department Planning, Design & Construction Institute

Faculty Advisors and Consultants California Polytechnic State University

San Luis Obispo, CA 93407‐0283

OCTOBER 2013

STATE OF CALIFORNIA MULTI‐HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Director of the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) wishes to thank the members of the State Hazard Mitigation Team (SHMT) for their guidance and support in the development of the 2013 State Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan. Additionally, the contributions of representatives of federal, state, and local governments, non‐governmental and community‐based organizations, and the private sector were invaluable. Development of the Plan was facilitated by Cal OES and the Planning, Design & Construction Institute (PDCI), Cal Poly University, San Luis Obispo.

CAL OES EXECUTIVE STAFF

Mark Ghilarducci Director

Mike Dayton Chief Deputy Director

Christina Curry Deputy Director

Brendan Murphy Deputy Director

Richard Devylder Chief

CAL OES HAZARD MITIGATION MANAGEMENT

Kirby Everhart State Hazard Mitigation Officer (Grants)Chief, Hazard Mitigation Grants Division

Joanne Brandani Acting State Hazard Mitigation Officer (Planning)Chief, Infrastructure Protection &Mitigation Division

Jose Lara Chief, Mitigation Planning Division

CAL OES SHMP MEMBERS

Julie Norris SHMP Lead Coordinator/

Senior Emergency Services Coordinator Mitigation Planning Division

Victoria LaMar‐Haas Senior Emergency Services Coordinator Mitigation Planning Division

Karen McCready Emergency Services Coordinator Mitigation Planning Division

Wendy Boemecke Emergency Services Coordinator Mitigation Planning Division

Paul Ransom Unit Supervisor Hazard Mitigation Grants Division

Linda Fong Unit Supervisor Hazard Mitigation Grants Division

Ted Ross Lead Senior Analyst Infrastructure Protection Division

Phil Oglesby Senior Analyst Infrastructure Protection Division

Ted Johnson Senior Analyst Infrastructure Protection Division

Brian Banning Senior Assessor Infrastructure Protection Division

Ron Hooks Senior Assessor Infrastructure Protection Division


Tom Ducker Lead Senior Analyst Infrastructure Protection Division

Sam Cowan Senior Analyst Infrastructure Protection Division

Michelle Martinez Research Program Specialist II Infrastructure Protection Division

Johanna Fenton Senior Emergency Services Coordinator Earthquake & Tsunami Program

Kate Long Research Program Specialist II Earthquake & Tsunami Program

Kevin Miller Research Program Specialist II Earthquake & Tsunami Program

Diane Vaughan Division Chief Geographic Information Systems

Kris Higgs Research Program Specialist I Geographic Information Systems

James Nordstrom Research Program Specialist II Geographic Information Systems

Karen Jackson Associate Government Program Analyst Office for Access & Functional Needs

2013 SHMP CAL POLY STATE UNIVERSITY ADVISORY TEAM

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

W. David Conn, D.Phil. Project Director, Professor City and Regional Planning Department

Kenneth C. Topping, FAICP Senior Advisor, Lecturer City and Regional Planning Department

William J. Siembieda, Ph.D., AICP Project Advisor, Professor

Director City and Regional Planning Department

Planning, Design, & Construction Institute

Michael R. Boswell, Ph.D., AICP Project Advisor, Professor City and Regional Planning Department

Meg Henry Research Coordinator City and Regional Planning Department

FACULTY ADVISORS

James Guthrie, P.E., S.E., LEED AP Assistant Professor Architectural Engineering Department

Robb Moss Ph.D. P.E. Associate Professor Civil and Environmental Engineering

Department

Jill Nelson, P.E., S.E., LEED AP, PMP Assistant Professor Architectural Engineering Department

CONSULTANTS

Natalie Macris Plan Editor Urban & Environmental Planning

Carol Schuldt GIS Consultant City and Regional Planning Department

Paula Schulz State Liaison Consultant Natural Hazards Mitigation

GRADUATE STUDENTS/RESEARCH ASSISTANTS

Phillip Brennan Hannah Cha Michael Germeraad Garrett Norman Stephen Schmidt


2013 STATE HAZARD MITIGATION TEAM AGENCIES

American Planning Association California Chapter California Department of Water Resources

American Red Cross (Sacramento Chapter) California Earthquake Authority

Association of Contingency Planners California Emergency Services Association (CESA) – Sutter County

Association of Environmental Professionals California Energy Commission

California Environmental Protection Agency (CAL/EPA)

Integrated Waste Management Board

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment

State Water Resources Control Board

Business and Industry Council for Emergency Planning & Preparedness (BICEPP)

Business Executives For National Security (BENS)

Business Recovery Managers Association

California Coastal Commission California Fire Safe Council

California Coastal Conservancy California Geological Survey

California Conservation Corps California Highway Patrol

California Department of Conservation California Natural Resources Agency

California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation California Public Utilities Commission

California Department of Education California Seismic Safety Commission

California Department of Food and Agriculture California State Archives

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), Office of the Fire Marshal

California State Association of Counties (CSAC)

California Department of General Services California State Lands Commission

California Department of Housing and Community Development

California State Parks

California Department of Insurance California State University System (CSU)

California Department of Public Health California Utilities Emergency Association (CUEA)

California Department of Social Services CaliforniaVolunteers

California Department of Technology Services Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board

California Department of Transportation Community Outreach Promoting Emergency (COPE) Preparedness


Delta Protection Commission Rural County Representatives of California (RCRC)

Dewberry Sacramento Area Council of Governments

Division of the State Architect Sacramento Municipality Utility District (SMUD)

Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) San Francisco Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC)

Esri San Joaquin County Office of Emergency Services

FEMA Region IX Sierra Club

Floodplain Management Association Sierra Nevada Conservancy

Governor’s Office of Planning and Research State Humane Association of California

Institute for Building and Home Safety (IBHS) State of Nevada

League of California Cities Strategic Growth Council

Local Government Commission United States Army Corps of Engineers

Michael Baker Corporation United States Bureau of Indian Affairs

MMI Engineering United States Bureau of Land Management

Native American Heritage Commission United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Natural Resources Conservation Services United States Forest Service

Nature Conservancy United States Fish and Wildlife Service

Ocean Protection Council/Coastal and Ocean Climate Action Team

United States Geological Survey

Office of Historic Preservation (see DPR) University of California Davis

Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (part of Health and Human Services Department)

University of California (Office of the Secretary of the Regents)

Planning and Conservation League University of Southern California (USC)

Public Agency Risk Managers Associates Volunteer Centers of California

Reclamation Board Wildlife Conservation Board

STATE OF CALIFORNIA MULTI‐HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 ‐ The Planning Process ................................................................ 1

Purpose of the Plan ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1

1.1.1 California – What’s at Stake ....................................................................................................... 2

1.1.2 What is Hazard Mitigation? ........................................................................................................ 4

1.1.3 The SHMP – An Enhanced State Mitigation Plan ....................................................................... 4

Plan Overview .................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2

1.2.1 What’s New in the 2013 SHMP? ................................................................................................ 6

1.2.2 2013 SHMP Chapter Outline ...................................................................................................... 6

Preparing the 2013 SHMP .................................................................................................................. 7 1.3

1.3.1 Plan Update Procedure .............................................................................................................. 7

1.3.2 Coordination Among Agencies and Departments ...................................................................... 8

1.3.3 Public Involvement ................................................................................................................... 11

Implementing the 2013 SHMP ......................................................................................................... 14 1.4

1.4.1 Cal OES Coordination Role ....................................................................................................... 14

1.4.2 Cal OES Implementation Role .................................................................................................. 15

Integration with Other Planning Efforts ........................................................................................... 15 1.5

1.5.1 State Emergency Plan .............................................................................................................. 15

1.5.2 Hazard‐Specific Mitigation Plans .............................................................................................. 17

1.5.3 Related Planning Efforts ........................................................................................................... 18

1.5.4 Cal OES Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Program ................................................................. 18

Adoption by the State ...................................................................................................................... 19 1.6

Updating the Plan ............................................................................................................................ 19 1.7

Chapter 2 ‐ State Goals and Objectives ...................................................... 23

Background: Creating a Strategic Framework for Mitigation .......................................................... 23 2.1

Vision and Mission ........................................................................................................................... 24 2.2

Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 24 2.3

2.3.1 Reducing Life Loss and Injuries ................................................................................................ 24

2.3.2 Minimizing Damage and Service Interruptions ........................................................................ 26

2.3.3 Protecting the Environment ..................................................................................................... 27

2.3.4 Promoting Integrated Mitigation Policy ................................................................................... 28

State Priorities .................................................................................................................................. 30 2.4

2.4.1 Priority Determination ............................................................................................................. 30

2.4.2 Federal Hazard Mitigation Funding Priorities .......................................................................... 31


Local Mitigation Planning ................................................................................................................ 33 2.5

2.5.1 The LHMP Process .................................................................................................................... 33

2.5.2 Goal and Objectives of the LHMP Program .............................................................................. 34

2.5.3 Relationships of Local Planning Processes to LHMPs ............................................................... 34

2.5.4 Status of LHMPs ....................................................................................................................... 35

Integration of Local and State Mitigation Efforts ............................................................................ 38 2.6

Chapter 3 ‐ State Mitigation Strategies and Actions .................................. 41

Institutional and Legal Context ........................................................................................................ 41 3.1

3.1.1 Federal Laws, Institutions and Policies .................................................................................... 42

3.1.2 California Laws, Institutions and Policies ................................................................................. 43

3.1.3 Local Government Laws, Institutions and Policies ................................................................... 47

3.1.4 Private Sector Emergency Management and Mitigation ......................................................... 48

State Capability Assessment ............................................................................................................ 49 3.2

3.2.1 Legal Foundations of State Capability ...................................................................................... 49

3.2.2 Levels of State Capability ......................................................................................................... 49

Local Government Capability Assessment........................................................................................ 51 3.3

3.3.1 Legal Foundations of Local Government Capability ................................................................. 51

3.3.2 Role of California Planning and Building Codes ....................................................................... 52

3.3.3 State Actions Supporting Local Capability ................................................................................ 55

3.3.4 Fostering Local Government Capability ................................................................................... 55

Types of State Mitigation Strategies ................................................................................................ 56 3.4

3.4.1 Direct vs. Indirect Strategies .................................................................................................... 56

3.4.2 Mandatory vs. Discretionary Strategies ................................................................................... 56

Strategies Enhancing State‐Local Mitigation Capabilities ............................................................... 58 3.5

3.5.1 Adopt Legislation Formalizing Mitigation Program .................................................................. 59

3.5.2 Strengthen Inter‐Agency Coordination .................................................................................... 62

3.5.3 Broaden Public and Private Sector Mitigation Linkages .......................................................... 63

3.5.4 Set Targets for Measuring Future Progress ............................................................................. 65

3.5.5 Enhance Data Systems and GIS Modeling ................................................................................ 67

3.5.6 Establish Mitigation Registry for Communicating Progress ..................................................... 68

3.5.7 Implement SMART Post‐Disaster Loss Avoidance Tracking ..................................................... 69

3.5.8 Connect Land Use Mitigation with Regional Planning ............................................................. 71

Comprehensive Multi‐Agency Mitigation Action Program .............................................................. 73 3.6

3.6.1 Multiple Funding Sources......................................................................................................... 73

3.6.2 Coordination of Mitigation Actions .......................................................................................... 73

3.6.3 Coordination of Mitigation Action Priorities ............................................................................ 73


3.6.4 Role of SHMT in Plan Updates ................................................................................................. 74

Chapter 4 ‐ Risk Assessment Overview ...................................................... 75

Profile of Assets at Risk .................................................................................................................... 75 4.1

4.1.1 Population, Economy and Infrastructure ................................................................................. 77

4.1.2 Natural Environment ................................................................................................................ 81

4.1.3 Growth Patterns and Trends .................................................................................................... 84

California’s Disaster History ............................................................................................................. 87 4.2

4.2.1 Statewide Disaster Loss Findings ............................................................................................. 87

4.2.2 Primary Sources of Disaster Losses .......................................................................................... 90

Criteria for Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .................................................................. 91 4.3

4.3.1 Hazard Impact Criteria ............................................................................................................. 91

4.3.2 Classification System: Primary, Secondary and Other Hazards ............................................... 91

4.3.3 Risk Assessment Components .................................................................................................. 92

4.3.4 Standard Risk Assessment Text Template Categories .............................................................. 92

Essential Terminology ...................................................................................................................... 93 4.4

4.4.1 Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability, Disaster ........................................................................................ 93

4.4.2 Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery ....................................................................... 95

4.4.3 Sustainability and Resilience .................................................................................................... 96

An Emerging Risk Factor: Climate Change ....................................................................................... 97 4.5

4.5.1 California’s Climate Change Initiatives ..................................................................................... 98

4.5.2 Climate Adaptation: State Efforts to Prepare for Climate Risks ............................................. 100

4.5.3 Local and Regional Climate Adaptation Planning .................................................................. 105

Multi‐Hazards Demonstration Project ........................................................................................... 108 4.6

4.6.1 The Great California ShakeOut Scenario ................................................................................ 108

4.6.2 ARkStorm ............................................................................................................................... 109

4.6.3 Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) Tsunami Scenario ....................................... 111

The National Preparedness System ................................................................................................ 112 4.7

4.7.1 Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) ............................................ 112

4.7.2 National Mitigation Framework ............................................................................................. 114

Chapter 5 ‐ Earthquakes, Floods and Wildfires: Risks and Mitigation ..... 115

Statewide GIS Hazard Analysis ....................................................................................................... 115 5.1

5.1.1 GIS Analysis of Vulnerability to Hazards ................................................................................ 116

5.1.2 Planning, Policy and Action Implications ............................................................................... 121

Earthquake Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ............................................................... 122 5.2

5.2.1 Identifying Earthquake Hazards ............................................................................................. 122


5.2.2 Profiling Earthquake Hazards ................................................................................................. 131

5.2.3 Assessment of State Earthquake Vulnerability and Potential Losses .................................... 134

5.2.4 Assessment of Local Earthquake Vulnerability and Potential Losses .................................... 145

5.2.5 Current Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Efforts ...................................................................... 188

5.2.6 Opportunities for Enhanced Earthquake Hazard Mitigation ................................................. 193

Flood Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment ........................................................................ 198 5.3

5.3.1 Identifying Flood Hazards....................................................................................................... 198

5.3.2 Profiling Flood Hazards .......................................................................................................... 198

5.3.3 Assessment of State Flood Vulnerability and Potential Losses .............................................. 204

5.3.4 Assessment of Local Flood Vulnerability and Potential Losses .............................................. 212

5.3.5 Current Flood Hazard Mitigation Efforts ................................................................................ 216

5.3.6 Opportunities for Enhanced Flood Hazard Mitigation Efforts ............................................... 241

Wildfire Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment .................................................................... 242 5.4

5.4.1 Identifying Wildfire Hazards ................................................................................................... 242

5.4.2 Profiling Wildfire Hazards ...................................................................................................... 249

5.4.3 Assessment of State Wildfire Vulnerability and Potential Losses .......................................... 253

5.4.4 Assessment of Local Wildfire Vulnerability and Potential Losses .......................................... 263

5.4.5 Current Wildfire Hazard Mitigation Efforts ............................................................................ 268

5.4.6 Opportunities for Enhanced Wildfire Hazard Mitigation ....................................................... 279

Chapter 6 ‐ Other hazards: Risks and Mitigation ..................................... 283

Levee Failure .................................................................................................................................. 283 6.1

6.1.1 Identifying Levee Hazards ...................................................................................................... 284

6.1.2 Profiling Levee Hazards .......................................................................................................... 288

6.1.3 Assessment of State and Local Vulnerability and Potential Losses ........................................ 290

6.1.4 Current Levee Failure Hazard Mitigation Efforts ................................................................... 290

Landslides and Other Earth Movements ........................................................................................ 293 6.2

6.2.1 Identifying Landslide Hazards ................................................................................................ 293

6.2.2 Profiling Landslide Hazards .................................................................................................... 294

6.2.3 Assessment of Vulnerability and Potential Losses ................................................................. 300

6.2.4 Current Landslide Hazard Mitigation Efforts .......................................................................... 303

Tsunami Hazards ............................................................................................................................ 307 6.3

6.3.1 Identifying Tsunami Hazards .................................................................................................. 307

6.3.2 Profiling Tsunami Hazards ...................................................................................................... 307

6.3.3 Assessment of State Vulnerability and Potential Losses ........................................................ 308

6.3.4 Assessment of Local Vulnerability and Potential Losses ........................................................ 309

6.3.5 Current Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Efforts ........................................................................... 309


6.3.6 Opportunities for Enhanced Tsunami Mitigation .................................................................. 316

Climate‐Related Hazards ................................................................................................................ 316 6.4

6.4.1 Air Pollution ........................................................................................................................... 317

6.4.2 Avalanches ............................................................................................................................. 317

6.4.3 Coastal Flooding, Erosion and Sea Level Rise ......................................................................... 318

6.4.4 Droughts and Water Shortages .............................................................................................. 326

6.4.5 Energy Shortage and Energy Resiliency ................................................................................. 332

6.4.6 Extreme Heat ......................................................................................................................... 341

6.4.7 Freeze ..................................................................................................................................... 346

6.4.8 Insect Pests and Diseases ....................................................................................................... 349

6.4.9 Severe Weather and Storms .................................................................................................. 349

Volcanoes ....................................................................................................................................... 352 6.5

6.5.1 Identifying Volcano Hazards .................................................................................................. 352

6.5.2 Profiling Volcano Hazards ...................................................................................................... 352

6.5.3 Assessment of State Vulnerability and Potential Losses ........................................................ 360

6.5.4 Assessment of Local Vulnerability and Potential Losses ........................................................ 361

6.5.5 Current Volcano Hazard Mitigation Efforts ............................................................................ 361

6.5.6 Opportunities for Enhanced Volcano Hazard Mitigation ....................................................... 362

Other Hazards ................................................................................................................................ 363 6.6

6.6.1 Agriculture Pests and Diseases .............................................................................................. 363

6.6.2 Dam Failure ............................................................................................................................ 366

6.6.3 Epidemic/Pandemic/Vector Borne Disease Hazards.............................................................. 368

6.6.4 Hazardous Materials Release ................................................................................................. 376

6.6.5 Marine Invasive Species ......................................................................................................... 382

6.6.6 Natural Gas Pipeline Hazards ................................................................................................. 383

6.6.7 Oil Spills .................................................................................................................................. 392

6.6.8 Radiological Accidents............................................................................................................ 400

6.6.9 Terrorism ................................................................................................................................ 405

6.6.10 Cyber Threats ......................................................................................................................... 409

Additional Hazards ......................................................................................................................... 410 6.7

6.7.1 Airline Crashes ....................................................................................................................... 410

6.7.2 Civil Disturbances ................................................................................................................... 411

6.7.3 Metal Theft in California ........................................................................................................ 411

6.7.4 Train Accidents Resulting in Explosions and/or Chemical Releases ....................................... 411

6.7.5 Well Stimulation and Hydraulic Fracturing ............................................................................ 413


Chapter 7 ‐ Enhanced Plan Criteria Achievements Program ..................... 419

Integration with Other Planning Initiatives .................................................................................... 419 7.1

7.1.1 SHMP Integration with Emergency Management ................................................................. 420

7.1.2 Legislative and Policy Integration .......................................................................................... 421

7.1.3 Institutional Integration ......................................................................................................... 421

7.1.4 Content Integration ................................................................................................................ 422

7.1.5 Functional Integration ............................................................................................................ 423

7.1.6 Financial Integration .............................................................................................................. 423

Project Implementation Capability ................................................................................................ 423 7.2

7.2.1 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) ............................................................................ 424

7.2.2 Pre‐Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Grants ................................................................................... 424

7.2.3 Legislative Pre‐Disaster Mitigation (LPDM) Grants ................................................................ 424

7.2.4 Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Grants ............................................................................. 424

7.2.5 Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) Grants ....................................................................................... 424

7.2.6 Determining Cost Effectiveness ............................................................................................. 425

7.2.7 The Proposal Process ............................................................................................................. 425

7.2.8 The Rating Process ................................................................................................................. 426

7.2.9 The Selection Process ............................................................................................................. 427

7.2.10 The Appeals Process ............................................................................................................... 428

Program Management Capability .................................................................................................. 429 7.3

7.3.1 Administration ....................................................................................................................... 429

7.3.2 Environmental Review and Benefit‐Cost Analyses ................................................................ 433

7.3.3 Quarterly Progress Reporting ................................................................................................ 433

7.3.4 Enhancements to Previous Local Assistance Monitoring Process ......................................... 434

7.3.5 Monitoring of Local Assistance .............................................................................................. 437

7.3.6 Mitigation Activities Completion and Closeout ..................................................................... 437

Assessment of Mitigation Actions .................................................................................................. 437 7.4

7.4.1 State Mitigation Assessment Review Team (SMART) System ................................................ 438

7.4.2 California Vital Infrastructure Vulnerability Assessment (Cal VIVA) ...................................... 446

Effective Use of Available Mitigation Funding ............................................................................... 447 7.5

Commitment to a Comprehensive Mitigation Program ................................................................. 448 7.6

7.6.1 Formalizing the Comprehensive Mitigation Program ............................................................ 453

7.6.2 Implementing the Comprehensive Mitigation Program ........................................................ 453

Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating the SHMP ........................................................................... 454 7.7

7.7.1 Monitoring the SHMP ............................................................................................................ 454

7.7.2 Evaluating the SHMP .............................................................................................................. 454


7.7.3 Monitoring Hazard Mitigation Projects.................................................................................. 454

7.7.4 Systematic Plan Revision ........................................................................................................ 455

7.7.5 Expanded Role of the SHMT................................................................................................... 455

Annex 1 ‐ Guide to Community Planning and Hazard Mitigation ............... 1

1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2. What is Community Planning? ........................................................................................................... 1

1.3. Role of Community Planning in Emergency Management ................................................................. 2

1.4. Key Participants ................................................................................................................................. 3

1.5. General Plans ..................................................................................................................................... 8

1.6. Adoption of Local Hazard Mitigation Plans with Safety Elements ................................................... 11

1.7. Hazard‐Specific Legislative Mandates.............................................................................................. 11

1.8. The California Environmental Quality Act ........................................................................................ 15

1.9. General Plan Implementation .......................................................................................................... 15

1.10. Redevelopment ............................................................................................................................ 19

1.11. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 19

Annex 2 ‐ Guide to California Hazard Mitigation Laws, Policies and Institutions ................................................................................................. 1

2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

2.2. Flood Insurance Act ............................................................................................................................ 1

2.3. Stafford Act ........................................................................................................................................ 2

2.4. Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 ......................................................................................................... 2

2.4.1. Local Hazard Mitigation Plans .................................................................................................... 3

2.4.2. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program .............................................................................................. 3

2.4.3. Pre‐Disaster Mitigation .............................................................................................................. 3

2.5. Other Federal Disaster Laws .............................................................................................................. 3

2.6. Federal Emergency Management Directives ..................................................................................... 4

2.6.1. National Incident Management System (NIMS) ........................................................................ 4

2.6.2. National Response Framework (NRF) ........................................................................................ 4

2.6.3. National Preparedness System .................................................................................................. 6

2.6.4. Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) ................................................ 6

2.6.5. National Mitigation Framework ................................................................................................. 6

2.7. California Emergency Services Act ..................................................................................................... 7

2.7.1. State Emergency Plan ................................................................................................................ 7

2.7.2. Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) ............................................................ 9

2.7.3. Role of Cal OES and SEMS .......................................................................................................... 9


2.7.4. Local Government Coordination ................................................................................................ 9

2.7.5. Cal OES Administrative Regions ............................................................................................... 10

2.8. Relationship of SHMP to Emergency Management ......................................................................... 12

2.8.1. Special Note on Relationship of Mitigation and Emergency Plans .......................................... 12

2.8.2. Vital Role of SHMP in Emergency Management ...................................................................... 12

2.9. State Agency Responsibilities ........................................................................................................... 14

2.10. State Emergency Management and Mitigation Laws .................................................................. 18

2.11. Local Emergency Management Responsibilities .......................................................................... 19

2.12. Local Hazard Mitigation Responsibilities ..................................................................................... 19

2.12.1. Building and Fire Codes ............................................................................................................ 19

2.12.2. Planning and Zoning ................................................................................................................. 19

2.12.3. Seismic Zonation ...................................................................................................................... 21

2.12.4. State Responsibility Areas ........................................................................................................ 21

2.12.5. Hazard Mitigation Through Local Land Use Planning............................................................... 21

2.13. Relationships of Local Planning Processes to LHMPs ................................................................... 22

2.14. Utilities ......................................................................................................................................... 23

2.15. Business, Industry and Community‐Based Organizations ............................................................ 23

Annex 3 ‐ Lifelines Infrastructure and Hazard Mitigation Planning ............ 1

3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

3.1.1. Hazard Mitigation and California Lifeline Systems ..................................................................... 3

3.1.2. Cascading Lifeline Failures ......................................................................................................... 4

3.2. Lifeline Failure Case Examples ........................................................................................................... 5

3.2.1. Loma Prieta Earthquake ‐ Impact on Water and Transportation ............................................... 5

3.2.2. La Conchita Landslide – Impact on Transportation .................................................................... 7

3.2.3. Naples, Italy, Garbage Strike and San Francisco Combined Sewer Overflow ............................ 7

3.2.4. Chile Earthquake – Impact on Power, Water, Communication, and Transportation ................ 8

3.2.5. Japan Earthquake and Tsunami ‐ Nuclear Disaster .................................................................... 9

3.2.6. Hurricane Sandy ‐ Gas Shortage ................................................................................................. 9

3.3. Lifelines and Systems Concepts ........................................................................................................ 10

3.3.1. Types of Systems ...................................................................................................................... 10

3.3.2. Using “Fault Trees”: A Fictional Example ................................................................................. 12

3.4. Path Forward for Lifeline Resilience ................................................................................................. 13

3.4.1. Identifying Critical Restoration Timelines ................................................................................ 14

3.4.2. Assessing Lifeline System Risk .................................................................................................. 17

3.4.3. Lifeline Mitigation .................................................................................................................... 19

3.5. Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 19


3.6. Resources ......................................................................................................................................... 20

3.6.1. Information Sources ................................................................................................................. 20

3.6.2. 20

3.6.3. References Used in This Annex ................................................................................................ 20

Annex 4 ‐ Public Sector Funding Sources ................................................... 1

4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

4.2. Federal Funding Sources .................................................................................................................... 2

4.2.1. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ..................................................................... 2

4.2.2. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) .................................................................................... 3

4.2.4. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ...................................................... 4

4.2.5. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ................................ 4

4.2.6. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) .......................................................... 5

4.2.8. Bureau of Land Management .................................................................................................... 6

4.2.9. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ..................................................................................... 6

4.2.11. Health and Economic Agencies .................................................................................................. 8

4.2.12. Research Agencies ..................................................................................................................... 8

4.2.13. U.S. Department of Homeland Security ..................................................................................... 9

4.3. State Funding Sources ........................................................................................................................ 9

4.3.1. Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Funding ..................................................................................... 9

4.3.2. Flood Hazard Mitigation Funding ............................................................................................. 11

4.3.3. Wildfire Hazard Mitigation Funding ......................................................................................... 14

4.3.4. Other State Hazard Mitigation Funding ................................................................................... 15

4.4. Local Funding Sources ...................................................................................................................... 17

4.4.1. Napa County Flood Protection and Watershed Improvement Expenditure Plan .................... 18

4.4.2. City of Roseville Floodplain Management ................................................................................ 18

4.4.3. San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Water System Improvement Program (WSIP) ...... 18

4.4.4. City of Santa Barbara Land Purchase ....................................................................................... 19

4.5. Alternative Funding Sources ............................................................................................................. 20

4.5.1. Combined Funding Approaches ............................................................................................... 20

4.5.2. California Financing Coordinating Committee (CFCC) .............................................................. 20

4.5.3. Nonprofit Government Partnerships ....................................................................................... 20

4.5.4. Utility Companies ..................................................................................................................... 20

4.6. Other Funding Sources ..................................................................................................................... 20

4.6.1. BayPrep .................................................................................................................................... 20

4.6.2. BART Earthquake Safety Bond ................................................................................................. 21

4.6.3. Port of Long Beach Mitigation Grant Program ......................................................................... 21


4.6.4. Contra Costa County Keller Mitigation Fund............................................................................ 21

Annex 5 ‐ California Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Status Report .............. 1

5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

5.2. Summary of Previous LHMP Findings ................................................................................................. 1

5.3. Progress on Improving LHMPs ........................................................................................................... 3

5.4. 2013 Updated Data and Analysis ....................................................................................................... 3

5.4.1. California LHMP Adoption Status ............................................................................................... 3

5.4.2. Preparation Trends .................................................................................................................... 8

5.4.3. Hazard and Risk Assessment Trends .......................................................................................... 8

5.4.4. Planning and Mitigation Trends ............................................................................................... 15

5.5. Conclusions....................................................................................................................................... 15

5.6. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 15

Annex 6 ‐ 2010 SHMP Stakeholder Survey Report..................................... 1

6.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

6.2. Purpose of the Stakeholder Surveys ................................................................................................... 1

6.3. Survey Development and Distribution Process ................................................................................... 2

6.3.1. Outreach Contacts ..................................................................................................................... 2

6.3.2. Survey Development .................................................................................................................. 2

6.3.3. Survey Distribution Process and Schedule ................................................................................. 4

6.4. Survey Responses ............................................................................................................................... 6

6.4.1. Perceived Concerns .................................................................................................................... 7

6.4.2. Private Sector Concerns ........................................................................................................... 10

6.4.3. Public Sector Implementation of Mitigation Actions ............................................................... 11

6.4.4. Private Sector Implementation of Mitigation Actions ............................................................. 15

6.4.5. Future Mitigation Actions ........................................................................................................ 16

6.5. Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 20

6.5.1. Recommendations for Future Outreach and Building Partnerships ........................................ 21

6.5.2. Outreach Enhancements .......................................................................................................... 22


APPENDICES

APPENDIX A Hazard Mitigation Team (SHMT) and Working Group Meeting Records………………………………………………… A‐1

APPENDIX B 2013 SHMP Agency Contact List……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… B‐1

APPENDIX C Assembly Bill 2140 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… C‐1

APPENDIX D Assembly Bill 162 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… D‐1

APPENDIX E Assembly Bill 70 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… E‐1

APPENDIX F Senate Bill 5 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… F‐1

APPENDIX G Senate Bill 1240 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… G‐1

APPENDIX H Senate Bill 1278 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… H‐1

APPENDIX I Assembly Bill 1965 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I‐1

APPENDIX J SHMP Outreach Contacts ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… J‐1

APPENDIX K Working Group Reports ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… K‐1

APPENDIX L Comprehensive Multi‐Agency Mitigation Action Matrix ………………………………………………………………………… L‐1

APPENDIX M California Disaster History, 1950‐2012 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… M‐1

APPENDIX N GIS Risk Exposure Analysis Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………………………… N‐1

APPENDIX O Overall Progress Toward Earthquake Mitigation of Key Building Inventories ………………………………………… O‐1

APPENDIX P Top 10 California Repetitive Loss Communities Summary ……………………………………………………………………… P‐1

APPENDIX Q Hazard Mitigation Grants Rating And Closeout Processes………………………………………………………………………… Q‐1

APPENDIX R MyPlan User Guide Information …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… R‐1

APPENDIX S State Agency Functions – Agency Responsibility Matrix ………………………………………………………………………… S‐1

APPENDIX T Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Legislation, 1933‐2012 …………………………………………………………………………… T‐1

APPENDIX U Flood Hazard Mitigation Legislation, 1933‐2012 …………………………………………………………………………………… U‐1

APPENDIX V Wildfire Hazard Mitigation Legislation, 1933‐2012 ………………………………………………………………………………… V‐1

APPENDIX W Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Legislative History ………………………………………………………………………………… W‐1


APPENDIX X SMART Memorandum of Understanding ……………………………………………………………………………………………… X‐1

APPENDIX Y 2004 State of California Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan List of Assurances……………………………………………… Y‐1


INDEX OF MAPS

MAP 1.A: California Overlaid on Northeast States............................................................................................ 2

MAP 1.B: The State of California ........................................................................................................................ 3

MAP 2.A: Population Distribution and Density ............................................................................................... 25

MAP 2.B: FEMA‐Approved City and County LHMPs ......................................................................................... 36

MAP 3.A: Cal OES Administrative Regions ...................................................................................................... 46

MAP 4.A: California Population by County ..................................................................................................... 76

MAP 4.B: California Terrain ............................................................................................................................. 82

MAP 4.C: Public Lands ..................................................................................................................................... 83

MAP 4.D: California Population Change by County ........................................................................................ 85

MAP 4.E: California Residential Units Authorized by Permits ......................................................................... 86

MAP 4.F: State and Federal Declared Disasters, 1950‐December 2012 ......................................................... 88

MAP 4.G: Great ShakeOut Magnitude 7.8 Earthquake Scenario .................................................................. 109

MAP 4.H: Projected ARkStorm Flooding in California (Based on Modeled Scenario) .................................... 110

MAP 5.A: Population/Social Vulnerability Base Map .................................................................................... 117

MAP 5.B: Population/Social Vulnerability with Earthquake Hazard ............................................................. 118

MAP 5.C: Population/Social Vulnerability with Flood Hazard ....................................................................... 119

MAP 5.D: Population/Social Vulnerability with Wildfire Hazard .................................................................. 120

MAP 5.E: Historic Earthquakes In and Near California by Magnitude (1769‐2010) ...................................... 123

MAP 5.F: Areas Damaged by Earthquakes, 1800‐2007 ................................................................................. 126

MAP 5.G: ShakeMap ..................................................................................................................................... 127

MAP 5.H: State and Federal Declared Earthquake Disasters, 1950‐December 2012 ................................... 135

MAP 5.I: Earthquake Shaking Hazard Affecting Buildings of Three or More Stories .................................... 137

MAP 5.J: Probability of Earthquake Magnitudes Occurring in 30‐Year Time Frame..................................... 138

MAP 5.K: State‐Owned Buildings in Higher Earthquake Hazard Areas ......................................................... 143

MAP 5.L: Unreinforced Masonry Retrofit Progress in Seismic Zone 4 (High Seismicity Regions) ................. 150

MAP 5.M: Earthquake Shaking Hazard Affecting One‐ and Two‐Story Buildings ......................................... 165

MAP 5.N: California Aqueducts, Canals and Natural Hydrologic Regions ..................................................... 178

MAP 5.O: Southern California Water Resources Vulnerability to Earthquakes ............................................. 179

MAP 5.P: Transportation Infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 184

MAP 5.Q: Earthquake Hazard Ranking in Local Hazard Mitigation Plans ..................................................... 187

MAP 5.R: Seismic Hazards Mapping Act Progress as of 2013 ....................................................................... 190

MAP 5.S: Alquist‐Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map as of 2013 ............................................................... 191

MAP 5.T: FEMA Funded Earthquake Mitigation Projects and Population/Social Vulnerability .................... 192

MAP 5.U: Natural Hydrologic Regions .......................................................................................................... 200

MAP 5.V: State and Federal Declared Flood Disasters, 1950‐December 2012 ............................................. 203

MAP 5.W: Flood Hazard Areas in California ................................................................................................... 205

MAP 5.X: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map .................................................................................................. 206

MAP 5.Y: Population Exposed to 500‐Year Flooding in California by Hydrogeologic Region ....................... 209

MAP 5.Z: Structures Exposed to 500‐Year Flooding In California by Hydrogeologic Region ........................ 209

MAP 5.AA: State‐Owned Buildings in Higher Flood Hazard Areas ................................................................ 211


MAP 5.BB: Flood Hazard Ranking in Local Hazard Mitigation Plans ............................................................. 215

MAP 5.CC: Geographic Scope of Central Valley Flood Protection Plan ......................................................... 230

MAP 5.DD: FEMA‐Funded Flood Mitigation Projects and Population/Social Vulnerability .......................... 236

MAP 5.EE: Fire Frequency (Number of Times Burned), 1950‐2008 .............................................................. 244

MAP 5.FF: Fire Perimeters: Wildfires 1950‐2012 ......................................................................................... 247

MAP 5.GG: State of California Fire Threat .................................................................................................... 251

MAP 5.HH: State and Federal Declared Fire Disasters, 1950‐December 2012 ............................................. 256

MAP 5.II: State‐Owned Buildings in Higher Wildfire Threat Areas ............................................................... 257

MAP 5.JJ: Fire Regime Condition Classes ...................................................................................................... 259

MAP 5.KK: Wildfire Hazard Ranking in Local Hazard Mitigation Plans.......................................................... 264

MAP 5.LL: Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas ............................................................ 266

MAP 5.MM: FEMA‐Funded Wildfire Mitigation Projects and Population/Social Vulnerability .................... 280

MAP 6.A: Bay‐Delta Elevations Relative to Mean Sea Level (after DWR 1993) ............................................ 285

MAP 6.B: California Levee System with 100‐Year Flood Zones ..................................................................... 286

MAP 6.C: 1994‐1995 Winter Storm Landslide Events ................................................................................... 296

MAP 6.D: Relative Susceptibility to Deep‐seated Landslides in California ................................................... 298

MAP 6.E: State and Federal Declared Landslide Disasters, 1950‐December 2009 ........................................ 299

MAP 6.F: Palos Verdes Peninsula Area Landslide Hazard Map ..................................................................... 306

MAP 6.G: Tsunami Inundation Mapping Completed, 2009 .......................................................................... 314

MAP 6.H: Tsunami Inundation Map – Crescent City ..................................................................................... 315

MAP 6.I: Areas Potentially Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise using NOAA Coastal Services Center’s Interactive Mapping Tool ................................................................................................................................................. 321

MAP 6.J: State and Federal Declared Drought Disasters, 1950‐December 2012 ......................................... 329

MAP 6.K: California’s Electric Transmission Grid ........................................................................................... 334

MAP 6.L: California Historical and Projected Temperature, 1961‐2099 ....................................................... 343

MAP 6.M: State and Federal Declared Freeze Disasters, 1950‐December 2012 .......................................... 347

MAP 6.N: Potentially Hazardous Volcanoes of California .............................................................................. 353

MAP 6.O: Shasta Area Volcanic Hazard Zonation Map ................................................................................. 355

MAP 6.P: Clearlake Area Volcanic Hazard Zonation Map ............................................................................. 356

MAP 6.Q: Mono Area Volcanic Hazard Zonation Map .................................................................................. 356

MAP 6.R: Salton Area Volcanic Hazard Zonation Map .................................................................................. 357

MAP 6.S: Valley Fever Endemic Areas in the Southwestern U.S. .................................................................. 373

MAP 6.T: California Natural Gas Pipelines .................................................................................................... 384

MAP 6.U: Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs) ............................................................... 402

MAP 7.A: FEMA‐Funded Hazard Mitigation Grant Projects .......................................................................... 435

MAP 7.B: FEMA‐Funded Hazard Mitigation Grant Projects – Greater San Francisco Bay Area .................... 436

MAP 7.C: FEMA Funded Hazard Mitigation Grant Projects – Greater Los Angeles Area .............................. 436

MAP 7.D: Hazard Mitigation Grant Projects near 2010 December Storms .................................................. 439

MAP 7.E: CSU Campus Locations and Hazard Mitigation Projects ................................................................ 441


INDEX OF PROGRESS SUMMARIES

Progress Summary 1.A: Plan Strategies ........................................................................................................... 10

Progress Summary 2.A: Jurisdictions with Approved LHMPs ......................................................................... 35

Progress Summary 2.B: Population Covered ................................................................................................... 38

Progress Summary 2.C: Geographic Distribution ............................................................................................. 38

Progress Summary 2.D: LHMP Training Workshops ....................................................................................... 39

Progress Summary 3.A: AB 2140 Implementation ........................................................................................... 59

Progress Summary 3.B: Flood Mitigation Handbook ...................................................................................... 60

Progress Summary 3.C: Central Valley Flood Protection Plan Consistency .................................................... 61

Progress Summary 3.D: The Delta Plan ............................................................................................................ 61

Progress Summary 3.E: Senate Bill 1241 Wildfire Legislation ......................................................................... 62

Progress Summary 3.F: SHMT Working Group Initiatives ............................................................................... 63

Progress Summary 3.G: LHMP Quality Improvements ................................................................................... 63

Progress Summary 3.H: Cross‐Sector Communications Working Group ........................................................ 64

Progress Summary 3.I: Mitigation Progress Indicators and Monitoring Working Group ............................... 66

Progress Summary 3.J: GIS TAWC and MyPlan ............................................................................................... 68

Progress Summary 3.K: Mitigation Action Registry ........................................................................................ 69

Progress Summary 3.L: SMART Post‐Disaster Loss Avoidance Tracking ......................................................... 70

Progress Summary 3.M: Reconciling Regional Planning and Hazard Mitigation ............................................ 72

Progress Summary 4.A: California Climate Adaptation Planning Guide (APG) ............................................. 106

Progress Summary 4.B: Additional Local Climate Adaptation Guidance Sources ......................................... 107

Progress Summary 5.A: GIS Modeling and MyPlan Enhancement ............................................................... 115

Progress Summary 5.B: Great California ShakeOut Earthquake Drill and Public Readiness Initiative .......... 133

Progress Summary 5.C: HAZUS ...................................................................................................................... 139

Progress Summary 5.D: Cal VIVA .................................................................................................................. 144

Progress Summary 5.E: State Building Retrofits ........................................................................................... 154

Progress Summary 5.F: UC Retrofits ............................................................................................................. 158

Progress Summary 5.G: Seismic Evaluation of Single‐Family Dwellings ....................................................... 166

Progress Summary 5.H: California Residential Mitigation Program Financial Incentives ............................. 166

Progress Summary 5.I: The Concrete Coalition ............................................................................................. 170

Progress Summary 5.J: Mobile Homes .......................................................................................................... 171

Progress Summary 5.K: MOTEMS – Building Code ....................................................................................... 181

Progress Summary 5.L: Highway Bridge Retrofits ......................................................................................... 183

Progress Summary 5.M: Seismic Hazards Mapping Projects ........................................................................ 188

Progress Summary 5.N: New Flood Laws ...................................................................................................... 216

Progress Summary 5.O: Senate Bill 1278 ‐ 200‐Year Floodplain Maps and General Plan Amendments ....... 219

Progress Summary 5.P: CRS Coordinator’s Manual Update .......................................................................... 221

Progress Summary 5.Q: Statewide Flood Management ................................................................................ 223

Progress Summary 5.R: Central Valley Flood Management ......................................................................... 227

Progress Summary 5.S: Water Plans and the Delta ...................................................................................... 237

Progress Summary 5.U: Significance of Senate Bill 1241 Wildfire Legislation ............................................... 267


Progress Summary 5.V: Strategic Fire Plan ................................................................................................... 269

Progress Summary 6.A: Levee Hazard Mitigation ......................................................................................... 290

Progress Summary 6.B: Landslide Hazard Mapping ...................................................................................... 306

Progress Summary 6.C: Tsunami Hazards ...................................................................................................... 309

Progress Summary 6.D: New Tsunami Hazard Mapping ............................................................................... 310

Progress Summary 6.E: Adapting to Rising Sea Levels in San Francisco Bay ................................................ 320

Progress Summary 6.F: State of California Sea‐Level Rise Guidance Document ........................................... 321

Progress Summary 6.G: California Energy Assurance Planning (CaLEAP) ...................................................... 336

Progress Summary 6.H: California Solar Initiative ........................................................................................ 338

Progress Summary 6.I: Clean Energy Progress Tracking ................................................................................ 339

Progress Summary 6.J: The California Clean Energy Jobs Act ....................................................................... 340

Progress Summary 6.K: State Climate and Heat Guidance ........................................................................... 345

Progress Summary 6.L: Urban Heat Island Effect Research ........................................................................... 345

Progress Summary 6.M: Initiatives and Technology ..................................................................................... 365

Progress Summary 6.N: California Mosquito‐Borne Virus Surveillance and Response Plan ........................ 375

Progress Summary 6.O: Marine Invasive Species ......................................................................................... 383

Progress Summary 6.P: Gas Pipeline Safety Laws .......................................................................................... 390

Progress Summary 6.Q: Gas Safety Action .................................................................................................... 391

Progress Summary 6.R: PG&E Pipeline Safety ............................................................................................... 392

Progress Summary 6.S: California Cyber Security Task Force ........................................................................ 410

Progress Summary 7.A: Recent SMART Reviews .......................................................................................... 443

Progress Summary 7.B: State Reporting Plan on Facilities Needed for Response and Recovery ................. 447


INDEX OF BEST PRACTICES HIGHLIGHTS

Best Practices Highlight 5.A: URM Retrofit Program Success in San Luis Obispo .......................................... 151

Best Practices Highlight 5.B: University of California Seismic Mitigation ...................................................... 159

Best Practices Highlight 5.C: Addressing Seismic Vulnerability of California’s Housing Stock ....................... 162

Best Practices Highlight 5.D: SF CAPSS and San Francisco’s Soft Story Ordinance April 2013 ....................... 168

Best Practices Highlight 5.E: San Francisco PUC’s Water System Improvement Program (WSIP) ................ 177

Best Practices Highlight 6.A: Hamilton City Flood Damage Reduction and Ecosystem Restoration Project (pending) ........................................................................................................................................................ 292

Best Practices Highlight 6.B: Devil’s Slide Tunnel Project .............................................................................. 304

Best Practices Highlight 6.C: The Adapting to Rising Tides Project: Collaborative Adaptation Planning on the Shoreline of Alameda County ........................................................................................................................ 324

Best Practices Highlight 6.D: Adaptation in Action: Managed Retreat at Surfer’s Point ............................... 325

Best Practices Highlight 6.E: Caltrans Incorporating Sea Level Rise into Corridor Planning .......................... 325

Best Practices Highlight 6.F: Kern County Cooling Centers ........................................................................... 346


INDEX OF TABLES

Table 1.A: Public Participation Schedule .......................................................................................................... 13

Table 2.A: LHMP Status as of May 2013 ......................................................................................................... 35

Table 2.B: LHMP Status as of December 2009 ................................................................................................. 35

Table 2.C: LHMP Adoption by County as of May 2013 ................................................................................... 37

Table 3.A: Unreinforced Masonry Retrofit Program Findings ......................................................................... 58

Table 4.A: Top Ten Counties in Total Population, July 2012 ........................................................................... 77

Table 4.B: California Counties with 100,000+ Disability Households, 2010 .................................................... 79

Table 4.C: Top Ten Counties in Population Growth, 2000‐2012 ..................................................................... 84

Table 4.D: Disasters and Losses by Time Phase, 1950 ‐ 2012 ......................................................................... 87

Table 4.E: Population and Disaster Deaths and Injuries by Time Phase, 1950 – 2012 ................................... 89

Table 4.F: Disaster Incidents, Casualties, and Cost by Type, 1950 ‐ 2012 ....................................................... 89

Table 5.A: Abbreviated Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale ................................................................. 125

Table 5.B: Recent Earthquake Losses ............................................................................................................ 132

Table 5.C: Projected Earthquake Scenario Losses, Northern California ....................................................... 140

Table 5.D: Projected Earthquake Scenario Losses, Southern California ....................................................... 141

Table 5.E: Estimating Earthquake Dollar Loss for State Owned and Leased Buildings, as of 2007 ............... 142

Table 5.F: Status of Unreinforced Buildings in Seismic Zone 4 ..................................................................... 150

Table 5.G: Hospital Structural Performance ................................................................................................. 153

Table 5.H: Mitigation of Tilt‐Ups and Similar Buildings ................................................................................. 161

Table 5.I: California Housing Units by Type, 2011 ......................................................................................... 162

Table 5.J: Seismic Gas Shutoff Valves Ordinances ........................................................................................ 172

Table 5.K: Mitigation of Utilities and Transportation Infrastructure ............................................................ 173

Table 5.L: Earthquake Loss Reduction Plan Goals ......................................................................................... 193

Table 5.M: Critically Important Initiatives ..................................................................................................... 194

Table 5.N: Residential Initiatives of Special Interest to California Earthquake Authority ............................. 195

Table 5.O: Estimated Expenditures on Earthquake Mitigation ..................................................................... 196

Table 5.P: Selected Future State Seismic Hazard Mitigation Commitments ................................................ 197

Table 5.Q: Selected Federal Seismic Hazard Mitigation Investments in California ....................................... 197

Table 5.R: Flood Disasters Since 1992 (as of July 2010) ................................................................................ 202

Table 5.S: FIRM Flood Zones ......................................................................................................................... 207

Table 5.T: Counties with 100,000+ People Living in FIRM Floodplains, 2000 ............................................... 208

Table 5.U: Potential Loss of State Facilities from Flood Hazards .................................................................. 210

Table 5.V: Individual Assistance (IA), Public Assistance (PA), and ................................................................ 213

Table 5.W: Fire History by Number of Structures Destroyed ....................................................................... 250

Table 5.X: Housing Unit Density Classes ....................................................................................................... 254

Table 5.Y: WUI Acreage by Density Class and Fire Threat ............................................................................. 254

Table 5.Z: WUI Housing Units by Density Class and Fire Threat ................................................................... 255

Table 5.AA: Potential Loss of State Facilities from Wildfire Hazards ............................................................ 255

Table 5.BB: Fire Regime Condition Class Descriptions .................................................................................. 258

Table 5.CC: Percentage of California Bioregions ........................................................................................... 260


Table 5.DD: Wildfire Mitigation Projects Funded by California Fire Safe Council ......................................... 273

Table 6.A: Bay Delta Levee Failures, 1900‐Present ....................................................................................... 288

Table 6.B: Notable Historic Landslides and Debris Flows in California ......................................................... 302

Table 6.C: Average Air Emissions in California, 1975‐2020 ........................................................................... 317

Table 6.D: Sea‐Level Rise Projections using 2000 as the Baseline Time Period ............................................. 319

Table 6.E: Drought Incidents, 1972 to 2009 .................................................................................................. 328

Table 6.F: Air Temperature and Relative Humidity ....................................................................................... 341

Table 6.G: Possible Heat Disorders by Heat Index Level ............................................................................... 341

Table 6.H: Freeze Disasters, 1950 to Present ............................................................................................... 348

Table 6.I: Fujita Tornado Scale ...................................................................................................................... 350

Table 6.J: Tornado Losses, 1950‐2006 .......................................................................................................... 351

Table 6.K: Classification of Types, Characteristics, and Potential Impacts .................................................... 354

Table 6.L: Vulnerability in Volcano Hazard Zones .......................................................................................... 360

Table 6.M: Ground‐Based Volcanic Hazard Alert Levels ................................................................................ 362

Table 6.N: Airborne Volcanic Hazards Alert Levels ........................................................................................ 362

Table 6.O: California Agriculture Pests and Diseases .................................................................................... 363

Table 6.P: West Nile Virus Activity 2003‐2012 ............................................................................................... 372

Table 6.Q: Examples of Hazardous Materials Releases Triggered by Natural Disasters ............................... 377

Table 6.R: Summary of California and Other Significant Oil Spills ................................................................ 396

Table 6.S: Levels of Nuclear Power Plant Emergencies ................................................................................. 401

Table 6.T: Civil Disturbances ......................................................................................................................... 411

Table 7.A: Hazard Mitigation Grants 2013 Application Process .................................................................... 428

Table 7.B: Summary of SMART Assessor Training Events .............................................................................. 440

Table 7.C: Yountville Flood Barrier Wall Project Loss Avoidance .................................................................. 442

Table 7.D: General Responsibilities under Memorandum of Understanding ............................................... 445

Table 7.E SMART Work Program Schedule ................................................................................................... 445

Table 7.F: Distribution of Major FEMA Support Grant Programs, 2010‐2012 .............................................. 448


INDEX OF CHARTS

Chart 5.A: Annual Acres Burned by Decade and Life Form, 1950‐2000s ...................................................... 243

Chart 5.B: Structures Ignited in California Since 2000 .................................................................................. 252

Chart 5.C: Wildfire‐Related Dollar Damage in California Since 2000 ............................................................ 253

Chart 6.A: Multivariate ENSO Index .............................................................................................................. 297

Chart 6.B: Property Losses ............................................................................................................................ 297

Chart 6.C: Water Supply Conditions, 1996 to 2012 ...................................................................................... 330

Chart 6.D: Increase in Extreme Heat, 2070‐2099 .......................................................................................... 344

Chart 6.E: Schematic Representation of Natural Disaster Timelines, Emphasizing the Unique Build‐Up ..... 360

Chart 6.F: Natural Gas Incidents ................................................................................................................... 388

Chart 7.A: Cal OES Hazard Mitigation Program Organization ....................................................................... 430

Chart 7.B: State of California Mitigation Grant Application Development Process ...................................... 432

SHMP FINAL 14Oct 2013 - California 2013... · Phil Oglesby Senior Analyst ... California Emergency...

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Transcript of SHMP FINAL 14Oct 2013 - California 2013... · Phil Oglesby Senior Analyst ... California Emergency...