Shift2Rail ATO over ETCS - an Interoperable Journey

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From concept to field experience

Shift2Rail ATO over ETCS -an Interoperable Journey

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Carlo BorghiniShift2Rail Executive Director

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Introducing ATO over ETCSPresented by Benoit Bienfait

TD Leader, Altsrom

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Background

Shift2RailEstablished in 2014

• €920m European Research and Development Programme

• Co-funded by the European Commission and contributions from members

S2R Objectives

• Foster innovation in the railway sector

• Increase Reliability and Punctuality by 50%

• Double Railway Capacity

• Halve Life-Cycle Costs

• Contribute to reduction of negative externalities, such as noise, vibration, emissions & other environmental impacts

• Contribute to the achievement of the single European railway area.

• Make rail the sustainable, cost-efficient, high-performing transport mode of choice for passengers in the future

• Address industry challenges

• Rising population

• Increased demand on mobility

• Increasing density in urbanization

• Demand for a reliable and more efficient

transportation infrastructure

• Environment and reduced emissions

Industry Challenges

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ATO over ETCS in Shift2Rail

• ATO addresses these challenges through a reduction of energy consumption, increased line capacity and better punctuality.

• Shift2Rail has standardised an interoperable ATO over ETCS grade of Automation GoA 2 (Driver Monitored ATO) solution.

• The working group consists of suppliers (representing the industry) and users (representing infrastructure managers (IM) and railway undertaking (RU)).

• Automated driving is regarded as a gamechanger in the rollout of European Train Control System (ETCS) for mainline.

Ten-T Innovation Program Shift2Rail

ETCS Baseline 3

EEIG – ATO over ETCSOperation Concepts

ATO GoA2System Requirement

Specification

Product Development

IOP tests on Reference Test

Bench

IOP tests on Pilot Lines

New Generation Train Control (NGTC)

ATO (up to GoA4)System Requirement

Specification

Product Development

IOP tests on Reference Test

Bench

IOP tests on Pilot Lines

Quick Win

EMU Freight

Class 313 TRAXX

ETCS 3.4.0 ETCS 2.3.0d

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7

Outcome of S2R: AoE GoA2 specification in TSI 2022

SUBSET-143

SUBSET-143

ATO/DASon-board

ETCSon-board

Train

DMI

Onboard Recording Device

ETCSTrackside

SUBSET-125

Key Mgt System

ATO/DASTrackside

SUBSET-125

SUBSET-139

TMS

X2

Rai

l-13

1

SUBSET-130

SUBSET-143

SUBSET-140

SUBSET-126Appendix A

SUBSET-126

FFFIS

FFFIS

FFFIS

FFFIS

FIS

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• Two Reference Test Benches (Belgium – Germany)• Four different configurations• Frozen Subset versions• Tests performed in 12/18 and 1/19

• TEST SCENARIOS (21):

• GoA1 to GoA2 transition on the move

• Train stops at a stopping point

• Train departs from a stopping point on time

• Rerouting the train with JP Updates

• Stopping Point Skip driver / TS

Outcome of S2R: Interoperability tests in factory

Reference Test Bench





ATO-OB ATO-TS

ETCS-OB


ATO-OB ATO-TS

ETCS-OB


ATO-OB ATO-TS

ETCS-OB


ATO-OB ATO-TS

ETCS-OB

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ATO over ETCS (up to GoA4) Timeline

9

FunctionsFunction

Operational Contexts

Actors

Actors

Use Cases

Actors

Logical Architecture

FIS Interface specification

FIS

FFFIS Inte

rface

spe

cification

FIS

Physical Architecture (in line with RCA)

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Operation Requirement

System Requirement Specification

The first stable set of document are foreseen in May 2021, these specifications are the reference for prototypes development and safety analysis.

Next steps are:

◼ Risk assessment and safety analysis

◼ Laboratory test.

◼ Pilot line demonstration.

◼ Specification revision.

New ERA standard

TSI 2022

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The development journey continues…

• To validate ATO principles and specifications, prototypes are tested on a reference test bench and then a pilot line.

• And results fed back into the specifications

• More on this in the next presentation

Prototype BuildATO over ETCS specifications

Reference Test Bench Testing

Pilot Testing

FEEDBACK

FEEDBACK

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ATO (GoA2) Pilot Tests –X2Rail1

Katherine Stowe

Senior Engineer, Network Rail

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Pilot Line Objectives

• To demonstrate the interoperability of ATO over ETCS

• To prove the interchangeability of different supplier prototypes

• To verify the Shift2Rail specifications are fit for purpose.

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Development Process

Prototype Build

ATO over ETCS

specifications


Testing

Pilot Testing

FEEDBACK

FEEDBACK

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Prototype Build

• Built to specifications released after review by ERA in 2018:

• Subset 125 v0.1.0

• Subset 126 v0.0.16

• Subset 130 v0.1.0

• CR1238 Solution

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Testbench ATO-OB ATO-TS

ALSTOM

SIEMENS

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Reference Test Bench Results

No. of Testcases No. of test runs passed

7 Test Cases 4/4

5 Test Cases 3/4

4 Test Case 2/4

1 Test Cases 1/4

• Out of 17 test cases performed, the majority passed

• Failed test cases provided valuable feedback

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Pilot Testing

Trackside

• Network Rail ETCS Test Track, Hertfordshire, UK

• ETCS Level 2

• GSM-R with GPRS

• ATO

Onboard

• Network Rail Class 313

• ETCS Level 2

• ATO

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Pilot Testing

CONTROL ROOM

RBC

Interlocking

CSS

TRAIN

ETCS OB ATO OB ETCS DMI ATO DMI

SUBSET-130

EXISTING

NEW/MODIFIED

ATO TS BalisesTrack Circuits

SUBSET-026

Tester in Charge

(Signaller)

Tester(Train)

TMS

TMS Operator

AIR GAP TrainDriver

SUBSET-126

EDORATO

Mobile

GSM-RTS

GSM-R (GPRS)

ATO TSAdaptor

NTP Server

ATO Data Logger

ATO Track-Train DataATO Position Reported

ETCS Data Logger

ETCS Track-Train

Data

ENIF

Train Interface Unit

CONTROL ROOM

RBC

Interlocking

CSS

TRAIN


SUBSET-130

EXISTING

NEW/MODIFIED


SUBSET-026

Tester in Charge

(Signaller)

Tester(Train)

TMS

TMS Operator

AIR GAP TrainDriver

SUBSET-126

EDORATO

Mobile

GSM-RTS

GSM-R (GPRS)

ATO TSAdaptor

NTP Server

ATO Data Logger


ETCS Data Logger

ETCS Track-Train

Data

ENIF


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Pilot Testing

CONTROL ROOM

RBC

Interlocking

CSS

TRAIN


SUBSET-130

EXISTING

NEW/MODIFIED


SUBSET-026

Tester in Charge

(Signaller)

Tester(Train)

TMS

TMS Operator

AIR GAP TrainDriver

SUBSET-126

EDORATO

Mobile

GSM-RTS

GSM-R (GPRS)

ATO TSAdaptor

NTP Server

ATO Data Logger


ETCS Data Logger

ETCS Track-Train

Data

ENIF


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Pilot Testing Scenarios

Combination ATO-OB ATO-TS

1

2

Test Cases ATO functions tested

A SoM, Driver Disengagement, Stopping, EB

B TS Disengagement, Inhibition

C Overshoot stop, Driver Skip stop, Change TRN

D EoA stop, re-routing, undershoot stop, low adhesion

E TS Skip stop, train hold, neutral area, EoM

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Pilot Testing Outcomes

• All test scenarios were successfully completed

• The specifications are interoperable

• The specifications are interchangeable

• The specifications are fit for purpose

• Specification improvements identified:• Travelling an SP in reverse

• Holding brake

• Operational speed profile constraint priorities

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Other Challenges

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Next steps

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FREIGHT ATO TEST RUNS (IP5)

Presented by

Norbert Kahl, Chairman S2R IP5, DB Cargo &

Baseliyos Jacob, Leader TD5.1, DB Cargo

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• Automation maximizing service quality, productivity, resource utilization and network capacity

• Pan-European rail freight as key enabler

• Boosting productivity/ punctuality

• Competitive cost structures

• Stimulating growth in Europe

• LCC cost and customers benefit • Cost-efficiency in maintenance and

operations • Based on smart freight assets

• Driver assistance, hybridization and advanced propulsion technologies

• Significantly reducing energy consumption and emissions

Asset Control tower & customer

communication

Condition monitoring for predictive maintenance

Automated train composition and

operation

Smart eco-efficient propulsion

technologies

Longer coupled trains with

distributed power Logistics capable

Future wagon

• Increased flexibility through train coupling/ sharing

• Increased train length for growth on European corridors

• Competitive strength

Under the chairmanship of DB Cargo, IP5 has established a Vision for Future Rail Freight

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The Automated Rail Cargo Consortium (ARCC) testedGoA 2 in rail freight for the first time, based on theATO specification & developments of Shift2Rail

CONTROLLED MANUAL DRIVING

SEMI-AUTOMATED CONTROL WITH DRIVER

AUTOMATED DRIVING WITH ON-BOARD STAFF

FULLY AUTOMATED DRIVING

GoA 1 GoA 1 GoA 1GoA 2 GoA 3 GoA 4

Scope IP5 ARCC:ATO over ETCS under

supervision by thedriver in cab

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S2R partner set-up of the Freight ATO trials

Siemens ETCS On-board

and SS130 Supplier

AnsaldoATO On-board

System Supplier

Siemens ATO On-board

System Supplier

AZDATO On-board

System Supplier

Bombardier Rolling Stock

Integrator

SBB Infrastructure

Manager

DB CargoRailway

Undertaking

Integrators

AlstomATO On-board

System Supplier

Operators

BAVSwiss Authority

Shift2RailJoint Undertaking

Suppliers

ARCC

Project partners

through X2Rail-3

Fr8Rail IV

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This project has received funding from

the European Union’s Horizon 2020

research and innovation programme

under grant agreement No 730813

Architecture of the test ATO GoA2 Freight Demonstrator

What has been tested?

ATO Subset 126, 125, 130 & 139

• Interoperability

• Interchangeability

• Human factor

• Performance potential (e.g., stopping accuracy, drive close to system limits, etc.)

• Maturity (is the specification ready for procurement?)

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Integration in the testing locomotiveATO COMPONENTS AND HW INTEGRATION

• Integration of ATO Siemens Components.• Integration of the ATO-OB units from Alstom,

AZD, Hitachi and Siemens.• Integration of HMI components in the driver’s

desk.

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12/2018: Project start following grant agreement

07/2019: Finalization of design and architecture

09/2019: Start of the laboratory tests for ATO-MVB integration

12/2019: Completion of the laboratory test

03/2020: Start of conversion of test loco at Mannheim

08/2020: Completion of static & dynamic commissioning

09/2020: Start of test runs Sierre-Sion after customs clearance

10/2020: Repair of the locomotive at the Mannheim plant

11/2020: ATO initiation of all suppliers successful

12/2020: End of test runs and return to Mannheim

01/2021: Deinstallation of the ATO technology on the test loco

02/2021: Analysis of the test results & Lessons Learned

Milestones of Freight ATO Demonstrator

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Test runs started on 07 September in Switzerland and lasted three months

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Running direction

Salgesch Sierre Sion

Engage ATO GoA2 after transition to

ETCS FS

- ATO stop in Sierre- ATO start in

SierreATO stop in Sion

Sierre Sion

- ATO stop in SierreETCS stop with ATO in

Pramont Signal SIE887P

ATO over start in Sion with ETCS FS

ATO stoppingpoint in

St. -Leonard


St. -Leonard

ETCS stop with ATO in Pramont Signal SIE987S

1st run(97990)

2nd run(97991)

Sierre Sion

- ATO start in Sierre with ETCS FS

20 min. delay


ATO stop in Sion

3rd run(97992)

Brig Sierre Sion

End of test dayTransition to

L0-NTC

- ATO stop in Sierre- Manual start in

SierreATO stop in Sion


St. -Leonard


4th run(97993)


St. -Leonard

Optional during test run

• Check ATO Engage/Dis-engage with Start/Stop, direct brake

• Check traction lever 0/1 influence on the ATO

• Check ATO ASR & Inhibition zone

• Check filling stroke and balancer

• …

Salgesch

Brig

Start withL0-NTC

Daily test runs between Sierre and Sion

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Train configuration:

• TRAXX AC 1 Locomotive• 14 Eanos wagons fully loaded with gravel• Overal weight 1274 tons• Length 240 m

Numbers in a „nutshell“

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Numbers in a „nutshell“• Delay of the project by 6 months and heavy travel

restrctions due to COVID-19

• Testing on a real operational environment on SBB using testslots between passenger schedule

• ATO system had to handle with several real operationsituation e.g. delay due to priorized commercial traffic

• Testing phase: 3,5 months – 4Test run´s per day

• Weather conditions: Sun, Heavy rain, Heavy snow, -20 C during night.

• Total running km in test in total: 1740 km

• System changes: 4 supplier – 4 system changes on Plug & Play solution

• Fastest system change procedure: 30 min. from exchangehardware to get in system ready modus

• ATO Trackside coverage: 98 %

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Numbers in a „nutshell“

• ETCS emergency brake interventions duringATO operation: 7 times

• Driver interaction during ATO operation: 110 times

• Due to techincal issues or

• Due to human factor issues „lack of driver acceptanceof let the system control the train“

Continuously daily improvement of ATO OB performance during the test period!!!

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Freight RU views: improvements to ATO specificaton

Interchangeability➢ Inconsistency/ambiguities of ATO OB – Driver Desk interface (e.g., traction lever, ATO is not able to trigger holding brake …)➢ Plug&Play has been successfully proven for the test vehicle ATO OB – TCMS interface. ➢ Need also full Plug&Play standard interface definition to retrofit of different TCMS for rollout by e.g. adapter.

➢ (Specification leaves room for interpretation to allow vehicle-specific connection between ATO-OBU and communication device for retrofit.) → e.g. the interface does not fully consider OSI Layer 1- 7

Control of freight train dynamic application ➢ Train driver experience must be considered within the specification e.g.:

➢ Need to consider train set brake/traction behavior with respect to track location and environment➢ Need to consider train set/locomotive functionality (e.g. driver desk application, brake/traction process time, …)➢ Hill start need to be consider for freight

Performance to rund close to the safety critical braking curve➢ Rules and framework for performance is missing. May need iterative improvement by operational experience.

➢ ATO introduction with different performance levels (acceleration controlled by TMS, control options for braking curve) for acceptance by the locomotive personnel needs to take into account

Maturity (is the specification ready for procurement?)➢ Applying of current specification (TSI 2022) for freight without further enhancement and field lessons learned/experience

will lead to uncertain investment levels for Freight RU´s. ➢ TRL level of specification was not intend to be ready for procurement!!!➢ Specification freeze from 08/2018 has been used for that tests!!! ➢ Specification will be continuously enhanced from e.g. pilot report feedback!!!

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Continous development process of ATO specification

Prototype Build

ATO over ETCS

specifications


Testing

Pilot Testing

FEEDBACK

FEEDBACK

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Freight RU & TD 5.1 lead view „lessons learned“

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Lessons learend :

‒ Driving and train set guidance dynamic control must consider the experience and expectation from driver requirements and behaviour.

‒ ATO OB retrofit vehicle integration remains a challenge.

. Tests have proven that ATO delivers a significant potential for improvement of rail freight in terms of efficiency and operation quality.

Insufficient maturity of automation products can lead to high risks for projects, investment and operations.

Chance

Risk

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Lets shape the future of

freight ATO together

Next steps to the way forward:➢ Requirements from RU Driving/Brake dynamic and vehicle

guidance needs to be taken into account.

➢ ATO OB - Train interface specification is to be completed withrespect to „Plug & Play“ requirements (e.g. consider OCORA specification).

➢ ATO specification need to be further enhanced e.g. in fieldtests to achieve necessary maturity for procurements.➢ Specification should be exhaustely tested in different

operation modes (in particularly freight). Also needs to beconsidered for TSI 2022.

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Thank you very much for your attention

„Let´s make Freight ATO happened“„Let´s increase Freight traffic“„Let´s reduce CO2 footprint“„Let´s handover a clean environment to thenext generation“

„One freight train replaces 52 trucks“

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ATO Freight Demonstrator The locomotive story

Presented by Andrea Mazzone

Head of Technology Cluster Autonomous Operation

Bombardier Transportation (BT)

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Introduction

BT was responsible for the integration of all ATO related components into the Bombardier TRAXX BR185.1 locomotive with ETCS 2.3.0dand to implement the interface to the vehicle.

Focus was on:

• Preparing all documents (drawings, schematics, etc. required for the integration of all components, system change reports)

• Presenting to BAV the approach together with DBC and Siemens

• Development of one part of the MMI

• Adaption of the locomotive TCMS with the implementation of the available SS139 specification

• Preparing the setup to allow a lean interchangeability of the various ATO OB system

• Support in all development and demonstration phases (static & dynamic commissioning, test runs)

• Building years: 1999-2005

• Owner: DB Cargo

• Dimensions: L: 18’900 mm, W: 2’977 mm

• Weight: 85t

• Max. Speed: 140 km/h

• System voltage: AC 15 kV/16.7 Hz, AC 25 kV/50 Hz

• Max. traction power: 5.6 MW (GTO Traction Converter)

• Starting tractive effort: 300 kN

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Gantt Chart

Activity 2018 S1/2019 S2/2019 S1/2020 S2/2020

Engineering

Adaptation ETCS

Development ATO Adapter

Lab Integration Berlin

Development ATO OB

Lab Integration Mannheim

Installation and static test in Mhm

Testing and demonstration

Test cycle 1

Test cycle 2

Demonstration cycles

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TCMS integration

Vehicle TCMS Architecture with the ATO modification

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Mechanical and Electrical Integration

• Analysis of cabling ways

• Electrical integration concept, including safety switch

• New UI in the Cab and the modified ETCS cabinet with the ATO components

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Challanges during commissioning and during demonstration

Problem solving was necessary for various topics, not all of them related to the ATO modification

• DMI goes blank and needs to be replaced (pure HW failures)

• Test of the ZUB acknowledgment button during start of mission not successful

• Malfunction of brake valves during the start of mission: Linked to LZB/ZUB brake test and new SW patches

• Wrong MVB register (addressing) leads to problems on the MVB

→SW patches seem to help in a first step, do not solve the rout cause

→Finger pointing is contra productive

→Troubleshooting requires collaboration of all partners. Knorr was also involved

→Results in a total delay of 4 to 5 weeks

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Conclusion

In a nutshell:

• The project setup is complex, involving all stakeholders in the vertical, from the industry with roots all over Europe, over the operators to the IM

• Brings together two Shift2Rrail Consortia and the Swiss smartrail 4.0 programme

• Spans over a long period of time

• Has limited budget and limited resources

• Faces additional challenges due to Covid-19

→ Considering all challenges and the complexity, the project demonstrates:

• successful engineering activity

• Successful mitigation and problem-solving actions

• successful implementation of all interfaces according to the available interfaces

• successful demonstration of the interchangeability of the ATO OB – “plug&play”

• successful teamwork among the industry

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X2Rail-3 WP10 – ATO Freight Demonstrator

Presented by Stefanie Waldmann

WP10 Leader, Siemens

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Focus/ObjectivesGoals for the X2Rail-3 WP10 – ATO Freight Demonstrator• Testing X2Rail-1 ATO over ETCS subsets and extending to the context of freight

• demonstrate defined scenarios with a freight train on Suisse railways

• Verification of the interoperability of ATO over ETCS

• Confirmation of the interchangeability of different supplier prototypes

• Evaluation of the Shift2Rail specifications and control algorithms for freight

Work split

• WP10 delivered an ATO over ETCS solution including:• Siemens: adaption of existing ETCS BL2 system• Siemens: provision of an ATO Adapter to connect the ATO-OB to the existing ETCS• Alstom, Hitachi, AZD, Siemens: ATO-OB

Thales: reference ATO-TS from X2Rail-1

• IP5 delivered ATO-TS (SBB), adaptions of the locomotive (Bombardier) and inputs for freight scenarios and operational rules (DB Cargo)

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System Architecture

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Ethernet Architecture

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System Integration

• The system integration was divided into two relevant parts. One part was the integration with the vehicle (Subset-139 connection and installation onto the vehicle including power supply and MVB connections), the second part is the integration with the ETCS and ATO components

• Vehicle integration laboratory Mannheim

• Vehicle integration depot Mannheim

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Results Integration

• After integration each ATO-OB controlled the locomotive

• Limitations due to the vehicle’s age:ATO-OB suppliers had to implement project specific adaptation (operation of direct brake; information about indirect brake applied; TBL position)

• Also, part of this step was the integration with the ATO-TS to ensure the communication via the provided LTE mobile router is working for every ATO supplier

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Dynamic Test Switzerland

• Operational testing against the freight requirements and scenarios

• Operational testing of interfaces SS125/126, SS130 and SS139

• focus on interchangeability, with subsequent feedback into standardization

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Dynamic Test Switzerland• The ETCS network infrastructure was provided by SBB in Switzerland to ensure the

communication via the provided LTE mobile router is working for every ATO supplier

• For documentation of test steps, a combined checklist with test cases was prepared

• Initially test drives consist of two test weeks and one demonstration run for each ATO-OB

supplier

• Due to Covid-19 restrictions we had to postpone the testing from April, May and June 2020 into October, November and December 2020

• Reduce test time from five days to four days a week

• There were issues on Loco that delayed test time, to rescue test time we create a “One day Test Script”

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Results: Achievements/Improvements

Achievements:• Defined scenarios were successfully tested*

*limited scope due to covid-19 restrictions

• Interoperability could be demonstrated (SBB ATO-TS → 4 ATO-OB supplier)

• Interchangeability could be demonstrated (Siemens ETCS → 4 ATO-OB supplier)

Identified improvements:• Further field experience are necessary to reach the product maturity

• Homologated operating rules needed

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The Future of ATO Jack Schneider

Head of European Standardisation ATO & CCS

Onboard, and ATO WP Representative for SBB

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TD's Tasks

TD2.2 Railway network cpacity increase (ATO up to GoA4-UTO) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

ATO over ETCS - GoA2 Specification

ATO over ETCS - GoA2 Product Development

GoA2 Reference Test Bench Demonstration

GoA2 Pilot SBB

GoA2 Pilot NR

GoA2 Pilot DB Cargo

GoA2 Pilot Line Demonstrator

ATO over ETCS - GoA2 Specification, update finalize

ATO over ETCS - GoA3/4 Feasibility Study

ATO over ETCS - GoA3/4 System Req. Specification draft

ATO over ETCS - GoA3/4 System Req. Specification Review

ATO over ETCS - GoA3/4 System Req. Specification exchange ERA

ATO over ETCS - GoA3/4 Product Development

GoA3/4 Reference Test Bench Demonstration

GoA3/4 Pilot Line Demonstrator

2022 2023 20242016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Summary of where we are now with ATO

• GoA2 as part of CCS @ TSI-2022

• Planned «up to GoA4» specification ready by end 2023

today

TSI 2022

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How the Shift2Rail specifications are being used

RCA EULYNXOCORA

Technological and operational

Innovative Solutions

System Pillar

Operational concept, functional system

architecture, migration plans

Innovation Pillar

European Rail Traffic Management, Digital and Automated train

operations, sustainable and digital

assets, competitive digital green rail

freight, exploratory research

New Generation of Rail Services European TMS, Digital and Automated Train operations,

integrated digital freight rail services, …

Sustainable and Smart Mobility2030: +30% rail freight, +100% HSP, <500 Kms carbon neutral

2050: +50% rail freight, +200% HSP, TEN-T HS connectivity

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What is next for ATO

ATO Migration strategy by Railways

• Grade of Automation, field of application and production processes

Start of commercial operation on specific lines

• Gradual improvement (range of use, availability, acceptance, performance)

• Increase performance (punctuality, timetable stability, energy saving, capacity)

• Increase Productivity (especially GoA3/4)

➢ Implement/ use of ATO Benefit

Further Improvement by

• Operational harmonisation (most important)

• Precise localisation

• HL3/L3 (Hybrid, Level 3)

• VTC (Virtual Coupling)

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thank you

A lot of work needs cooperation between railways & industry also across EU borders.

Joint work under Shift2Rail and in the planned programs "System Pillar and Innovation Pillar" lead to success.

Conclusion

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Q&A Session

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SHIFT2RAIL.ORG

Shift2Rail ATO over ETCS - an Interoperable Journey

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