Sg Advocates

8/6/2019 Sg Advocates

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ONE o SIX SMART GRIDSTAKEHOLDER BOOKS

environmental groupsc nsumer adv cates

utilities regulators

technology providers policymakers

WHAT THE SMART GRID MEANS TO AMERICANS.

A smarter electrical grid can save us energy, protect consumers, sa eguard our environment and ultimately save money or all Americans.

prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by Litos Strategic Communication under contract No. DE-AC26-04NT41817, Subtask 500.01.02

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Your stake as a consumer advocate.

DISCLAIMER

This report as prepared as an account o

ork sponsored by an agency o the United

States Go ernment. Neither the United

States Go ernment nor any agency thereo ,

nor Litos Strategic Communication, nor any o

their employees, make any arranty, express

or implied, or assumes any legal liability or

responsibility or the accuracy, completeness,

or use ulness o any in ormation apparatus,

product, or process disclosed, or represents that

its use ould not in ringe pri ately o ned rights.

Re erence herein to any speci c commercial

product, process, or ser ice by trade name,

trademark, manu acturer or other ise does not

necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,

recommendation or a oring by the United

States Go ernment or any agency thereo , or

Litos Strategic Communication. The ie s and

opinions o authors expressed herein do not

necessarily state or refect those o the United

States Go ernment or any agency thereo .

2PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.



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PREFACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 01 // PAGE 2

What is the Smart Grid?: Why do we need it?

SECTION 02 // PAGE 4The Smart Grid: Opportunities in brie .

SECTION 03 // PAGE 7Rates & Regulations: Possible approaches.

SECTION 04 // PAGE 10Smart Grid & the Environment: Enabling a cleaner energy uture.

SECTION 05 // PAGE 13Consumer Alert: The appetite or – and pace o – Smart Grid change.

SECTION 06 // PAGE 16The Smart Grid Maturity Model:Because one size doesn’t it all.

SECTION 07 // PAGE 18FERC, NARUC & the Smart Grid Clearinghouse:

Drawing clarity rom complexity.

SECTION 08 // PAGE 20Next Steps: Action or inaction?

GLOSSARY // PAGE 22Smart Grid terms worth knowing.

RESOURCES // PAGE 23Places to go to learn more.

1

Grid: An Introduction, a DOE sponsored publication Advocates and Environmental Groups.

The U.S. Department o Energy (DOE) is chargedunder the Energy Independence and SecurityAct o 2007 (EISA 2007) with modernizing the

nations electricity grid to improve its reliabilityand e iciency. As part o this e ort, DOE is alsoresponsible or increasing awareness o ournations Smart Grid. Building upon The Smart

released in 2008 and available onlineat www.smartgrid.gov, this publication isone in a series o books designed to better

acquaint discrete stakeholder groups with thepromise and possibilities o the Smart Grid.Stakeholder groups include Utilities, Regulators,Policymakers, Technology Providers, Consumer

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(to be ully ascertained through the outcome the “status quo,” percentages such as these

DON T I KNOw YOU FROM SOMEwHERE?To give you an idea o the current state o grid modernization, consider this: I Alexander Graham B

were con ronted with today s telephony – cell phones, texting, etc. – he would most likely be amazed.

Thomas Edison, meanwhile, would eel quite at home in the largely non digital, electromechanical

landscape that is today s grid.

THE ELEMENTS OF TITLE XI

(1) Increased use o digital in ormatio proposed cap-and-trade legislation) arecombining to reveal the true – i.e., higher –cost o energy.

Nationwide, demand or electricity isexpected to grow 30% by 2030. 3 To supportgrowth o such magnitude, investmentstotaling approximately $1.5 trillion will berequired over the next 20 years to pay orin rastructure alone according to The BrattleGroup – a consulting group that specializesin economics, inance, and regulation. Thisis occurring in an industry where investmentsand R&D have traditionally lagged ar behindother industries. In transmission alone,investments actually decreased nearly 50%in the last quarter o the 20th century.

your role just got bigger

During the winter o 2007/08, 20% o Americans ell behind in their energy

payments and an astonishing 8.7 millionAmerican consumers were disconnected

rom utility services.4 I we were to maintain

A qUESTION OF FAIRNESS?

would only increase. But an Act o Congress,as well as the imprimatur o theAdministration, are working to changethings. As you will see in the ollowing pages,by spurring transitioning to a smarter grid –some o which is happening now – andultimately the Smart Grid, electricity will bemore a ordable and our environment betterprotected. Throughout the trans ormation toa Smart Grid, you’ll be charged with ensuring

airness, cost-e ectiveness and appropriatecustomer protections. This book is designedto in orm your perspective going orward.

20% could not pay their bill on time

total numberof energy

customers in the u .s .

Historically, the electrical grid has been heavily regulated and modeled to keep costs low. Partly

or this reason, its modernization by means o IT tools and techniques has been until relatively recently

consumers by Internet and telecom companies, you might even say it hardly seems air.

a back burner priority. Given the number o choices technology has made available to businesses and

and controls technology.

(2) Optimization o grid operations an

resources, with ull cyber security.

(3) Deployment and integration o

distributed resources and generation,

including renewable resources.

(4) Incorporation o demand respons

demand side resources, and energy

e ciency resources.

(5) Deployment o `smart’ technolog

or metering, communications concerning

grid operations and status, and distribution

automation.

(6) Integration o `smart’ appliances

and consumer devices.

(7) Deployment and integration o

advanced electricity storage and peak

shaving technologies, including plug in

electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and

thermal storage air conditioning.

(8) Provision to consumers o timely

in ormation and control options.

(9) Development o standards or

communication and interoperability o

appliances and equipment connected to

the electric grid.

(10) The lowering o unreasonable

or unnecessary barriers to adoption.

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SECTION02

A smarter grid gets that way

by giving consumers the power to participate

and choose.

THE SMART GRID:OPPORTUNITIES IN BRIEFRealizing the Smart Grid will require, to greater or lesser degrees, smart sensorsand controls, broadly accepted communications plat orms, advanced tools or planning and operation and dynamic pricing.

SMARTER GRID / SMART GRID

Because it is deploying now, yet will only

be ully realized over time, it is necessary to

split one Smart Grid into two or the purpose

o discussion: A smarter grid re ers to the

current state o the trans ormation, one in

which technologies are being deployed today

or in the near uture. The Smart Grid is the

ultimate vision – the ull realization

o everything it can be.

It will also require clear standards orinterconnection and metrics. Constantlycommunicating, proactive and virtuallysel -aware, the Smart Grid has been described

as a complex ecosystem.It is a itting characterization.

When viewed relative to “the grid we havenow,” trans ormation to this smarter grid willgive rise to enhancements that promise topositively a ect every aspect o electricitygeneration, delivery and consumption, as mostrecently detailed by DOE’s Modern Grid Strategyand the Electricity Advisory Committee.

here’s how the smart grid delivers:

Bene it: Enabling active participationby consumers.

A smarter grid gets that way by givingconsumers the power to participate andchoose. Two-way communication willcreate a dialog between utilities and

consumers enabling consumers to seewhat electricity they use, when they use it,and how much it costs. For the irst time,many will be able to manage their energy

costs proactively, whether that meansinvesting in intelligent, energy-savingend-use devices or selling energy backto the utility or revenue or as a meanso exercising environmental stewardship.

From the utility perspective, “customerparticipation” will enable utilities to enlistconsumer demand as another resource,o setting the need or additional powergeneration. With help rom customers,utilities will be able to help balance supplyand demand and ensure reliability bymodi ying the way they use and purchaseelectricity. For the irst time, residentialcustomers will have the same types o demand-response options as manycommercial and industrial customersenjoy today.

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Bene it: Optimizing asset utilizationand e icient operation.

The Smart Grid will be able to exploit proventechnologies to optimize the use o its

between” re ers to the growing roster o distributed energy resources (DER) whichinclude:

• Distributed generation (DG) – small, widely

Smart Grid technology was on display during 2008 s Hurricane Gustav, when Entergy s use o Phasor

Measurement Units (PMUs) “islanded” an area without power to prevent a ar wider incidence o outages.

By having the PMUs’ global positioning system (GPS) time synchronized and taking requency

measurements at 30 samples/second, Entergy was able to monitor real time changes o the island,

an advantage not possible with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data.

assets – power plants, distributionsubstations and other critical in rastructure.Such improvements will result in more power

lowing through existing assets as well asgiving utilities more precise insight intothe need or additional power plants.Operational improvements will range romimproved load actors to lower systemlosses. The result: A net reduction in utilitycosts, and maximization o e icienciesthroughout the system.

Bene it: Anticipating and responding to system disturbances.

By per orming continuous sel -assessments,the Smart Grid will be able to preventdisruptions rather than simply react to them

and act aster than operators ever could inresolving ast-moving problems.

Bene it: Accommodating all generationand storage options.

Central to the success o the Smart Grid is theability to sa ely and seamlessly accommodatea wide variety o generation, rom massivecentralized plants to small solar panels andeverything in between. “Everything in

dispersed plants, generally in close proximity to load

• Renewables – wind, solar, biomass, etc.

• Energy storage – in essence, giant“batteries” and “capacitors”

• Demand response (DR) – decreasing demand instead o increasing supply inresponse to peak loads

Opportunities or grid-connected distributedgeneration are substantial. With theprogression o Smart Grid adoption, DER isenvisioned to increase rapidly all along thevalue chain, rom suppliers to marketers tocustomers. The upshot: A grid that is lessexpensive, more reliable and environmentally

riendlier.

Bene it: Providing power quality or the digital economy.

It is a act o modern li e that our economygrows relentlessly more digital by the minute.Check out your nearest server arm, brokerageoperation or high-de inition television.According to the Electric Power ResearchInstitute (EPRI), by 2011, ully 16% o our

As numerous studies indicate, the

societal case or Smart Grid adoption is

undamental, lasting and real.

• Over 20 years, $46 billion to $117

billion could be saved in the avoided cost o

construction o power plants, transmission

lines and substations. 5

• Increasing energy e ciency,

renewable energy and distributed

generation would save an estimated

$36 billion annually by 2025.6

• Distributed generation can

signi cantly reduce transmission

congestion costs, currently estimated

at $4.8 billion annually.7

• Smart appliances costing $600

million can provide as much reserve

capacity to the grid as power plants

worth $6 billion.8

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SECTION02 : continued

nation’s electric load will require digital-qualitypower. And there’s no turning back. The Smart

Grid will be able to supply varying grades o power quality with a variety o pricing options.It will also detect and correct poor powerquality be ore its e ects become signi icant,dramatically reducing customer losses due topower quality issues – currently estimated at$25 billion per year – and increasing overallquality control o the grid.9

Bene it: Enabling new products,services and markets.

In overlaying intelligence across the nationalgrid, Smart Grid principles and technologiessupport the creation o well-integratedelectricity markets compared to the somewhatBalkanized markets o today. The certainty andvibrancy inherent in such markets will attractnew market participants – brokers, aggregatorsand the like – and open the door to new ideas,products and services.

Bene it: Operating resiliently against attack

and natural disaster.

Today’s grid is ar too susceptible to disruptionby means o both natural disasters and humanactions or attack. The Smart Grid will addresscritical security issues rom the outset, makingsecurity a requirement or all o its elements.

at-a-glance

Bene itso the Smart Grid:

Enabling active participationby consumers

Optimizing asset utilizationand e icient operation

Anticipating and responding to system disturbances

Accommodating all generationand storage options

Providing power quality or the digital economy

Enabling new products, servicesand markets

Operating resiliently againstattack and natural disaster

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SECTION03

To ully capitalize upon grid modernization, certain

elements o the Smart Grid planmust be as thought ul as

the technologiesdeployed.

RATES & REGULATIONS:POSSIBLE APPROACHESCurrently, the bene ts o the Smart Grid are not as apparent to many stakeholders asthey could or should be. Like the early days o construction o the interstate highway system, it may be di cult to envision the Smart Grid’s ultimate value during its building phase. In act, perhaps all that certain observers can see when they consider the SmartGrid is disruption o the status quo.

What is abundantly clear is that our costsare rising, our environment is su ering, our

energy resources are inite – and we needa plan, disruptive or not. Try to imagine theinterstate highway system without one:“Roads to Nowhere,” everywhere. Or theInternet without an organizing principle.Millions might have access to e-mail,but millions more would be staring atblank screens.

To ully capitalize upon grid modernization,certain elements o the Smart Grid plan

must be as thought ul as the technologiesdeployed. Here, we enumerate a numbero approaches towards that objective.

dynamic pricing

The typical electric bill o decades past wasundecipherable to many and delivered longa ter the electricity was. Worse yet, that bill

is still being snail-mailed today to ar toomany consumers o electricity, at a time when

existing and emerging technologies make itpossible or consumers to see the day-to-daycost o electricity. The capability o AdvancedMetering In rastructure (AMI) to acilitatetwo-way communication, interval meteringand time-based billing make dynamic pricingan option or all classes o utility customers– including lower-income customers.

Dynamic pricing re lects hourly variations inretail power costs, urnishing customers the

detail necessary to manage their utility billsin a variety o bene icial ways. Three principacategories o dynamic pricing include:

• Real-time pricing – rates are based onhourly luctuations in wholesale markets,which enable consumers to plan their electric use to coincide with low prices.



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• Peak-time rebate – the traditional blendedrate applies, but customers can realize healthy

rate o return has been based on the amount o power it generates and energy it sells. Absent

DYNAMIC IDAHO

DECOUPLING DEFINED

According to NARUC, decoupling “is a generic term or a rate adjustment mechanism that separates (decouples)

an electric or gas utility s xed cost recovery rom the amount o electricity or gas it sells. Under decoupling, utilities

collect revenues based on the regulatory determined revenue requirement, most o ten on a per customer basis.

On a periodic basis revenues are ‘trued up’ to the predetermined revenue requirement using an automatic

rate adjustment.

rebates or reducing load during peak periods.

• Critical-peak pricing – prices can increase by 500% during peak periods, limited to a smallnumber o hours per year. Customers agreeing to reduce usage in such hours will pay slightly lower rates or the remainder o the year.

Especially in the prevailing economy,customers may want to avail themselveso as many tools and choices as possible tocontrol their usage and energy bills. Accordingto its adherents, dynamic rates, judiciouslystructured and applied, stand to bene it everyconsumer o electricity. Consider a working

amily out o the house or most o the daywith the kids at school. The amily’s abilityto save money by participating in demand-response e orts during the a ternoonpeak can be very bene icial to them.

With dynamic rates, there are also savingsto the system and ratepayers as a wholeevery time peak demand is reduced becausethe utility doesn’t have to buy expensivepower at 2 in the a ternoon on July 15 or

ire up that expensive peaking plant.

incentivizing utilities

The pros and cons o retail rate re orm withrespect to the Smart Grid include a number o hot topics. For example, historically a utility’s

in this model is the incentive or any party toconserve energy, which e ectively leaves a

utility’s incentive to engage in demand response,energy e iciency and distributed generationout o the conversation. One way beingproposed to redress this issue is decoupling.

Decoupling lowers a utility’s rate o returnbecause that utility is assuming less risk. In

act, since it now has certainty, it lowers therevenue requirements overall that customersotherwise would have to pay. I the utilityover-recovers, it re unds the surplus to

customers in the same way that i it under-recovered, it would require customers to pay asurcharge. Decoupling also brings a degree o transparency to rate cases among all parties –utilities, regulators and consumer advocates.

Some believe that such an incentive tosave energy may make it more likely tosubscribe to demand-response, energy-e iciency and distributed-generationprograms that haven’t “paid o ” in the past.

Other stakeholders maintain that decouplingis not the answer, that it guarantees earningsto a utility rather than gives it the opportunityto earn. In response, decoupling advocatesargue that it is precisely in removing thisrisk or uncertainty that enables utilitiesto take advantage o saving energy ratherthan generating even more o it.

The Idaho Public Utilities Commission

is actively gauging the e ectiveness o

dynamic pricing strategies. The state’stime variant pricing programs include

Energy Watch, a simpli ed critical peak

pricing program that rewards customers

or reducing demand during summertime

“Energy Watch events”; and a Time o

Day program or customers who shi t

consumption o electricity rom daytime

hours to the late evening and weekends.

Among the Commission’s ndings are that

customers substantially reduced load during

Energy Watch events.

The state is also one o the “early

adopters” o decoupling. A three year pilot

has been instituted and is currently

deployed by the Idaho Power company.

For a map o current decoupling activity

by state, visit the website o the Institute

o Electric E ciency (IEE).

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EFFICIENCY ORGANIZATIONS: AN ALTERNATIvE APPROACH TO RETAIL RATE REFORM

NARUC holds the position that taking utilities out o the e ciency business and having that unction played

by a State, quasi State, or private sector entity is a proven alternative to removing disincentives to their promoting

e ciency. In act, numerous examples exist o success ul e ciency programs being delivered by non utility providers

Examples o such organizations include E ciency Vermont and the New York State Energy Research and

Development Authority (NYSERDA).

net metering

Net metering programs serve as an importantincentive or consumer investment indistributed energy generation, enablingcustomers to use generation on their premisesto o set their consumption by allowing theirelectric meters to turn backwards when theygenerate electricity in excess o their demand.In some states, this o set means thatcustomers receive retail bill credits orthe electricity they generate themselves,rather than buy rom the system.

these approaches arenot self-evident

It will require signi icant educational outreachto ensure that consumers and utilities alikeunderstand the potential bene its that can begained rom decoupling, dynamic pricing, netmetering and similar concepts as they applyto the Smart Grid. DOE is charged with raisingtheir awareness. This book is just one o themany resources you have at your disposal;others are noted in the Resources section.

On approaches like these and others,stakeholders can and will “agree to disagree.”

Smart Grid.orward momentum toward realizing the

moving beyond con lict to consensus to createmetering can result in various constituenciesHowever, merely discussing issues such as net

Visit naruc.org or more in ormation.

Visit dsireusa.org to learn more aboutrenewable-energy and energy-e iciency incentives or each state.

HOw NET METERING wORKSIN PENNS YLvANIA

Properly designed regulations &

policies like net metering can urther the

development o the Smart Grid.

In Pennsylvania, investor owned

utilities must o er net metering to

residential customers that generate

electricity with systems up to 50 kilowatts

(kW) in capacity; nonresidential customer

with systems up to three megawatts

(MW) in capacity; and customers with

systems greater than 3 MW but no more

than 5 MW who make their systems

available to the grid during emergencies.

It is available when any portion o the

electricity generated is used to o set

on site consumption.

Systems eligible or net metering

include those that generate electricity usin

photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal energy,

wind energy, hydropower, geothermal

energy, biomass energy, uel cells, combi

heat and power (CHP), municipal solid

waste, waste coal, coal mine methane, oth

orms o distributed generation (DG) and

certain demand side management

technologies.

Net metering is achieved using a sing

bi directional meter – i.e., two way

communication – that can measure and

record the fow o electricity in both

directions at the same rate. Net excess

generation is carried orward and credited

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the customer’s next bill at the ull retail r

which includes the generation, transmissio

and distribution components.

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SECTION04

A smarter grid deliversend use conservation and

e iciency thanks to its ability to establish more ocused and persistent consumer

participation.

SMART GRID & THE ENVIRONMENT:ENABLING A CLEANER ENERGY FUTU

In 2008, emissions o carbon dioxide rom uel burning in the United States weredown 2.8%, the biggest annual drop since the 1980s. 10 This is widely attributableto the length and depth o the worldwide recession and just as widely expected tobe an anomaly. Most agree, as the national and global economies improve, carbonemissions will resume their upward trend.

A smarter grid delivers end-use conservationand e iciency thanks to its ability to establishmore ocused and pervasive consumerparticipation. From a behavioral perspective,there is measurable energy savings whenconsumers participate, approximately 6% inthe residential sector. Awareness on the parto consumers to manage peak load by virtueo a eedback mechanism may incite greaterattention to consumption patterns andresults in savings.

Proving that timing is everything, a smartergrid can capture carbon savings rom peakload shi ting – even i energy is not beingsaved. When peak load is reduced by meanso demand response, many peaking plants –and the carbon they emit – are kept onthe sidelines.

the smart grid & plug-inelectric vehicles

The Smart Grid’s single biggest potential indelivering carbon savings is in providingcost-e ective and increasingly clean energy

or plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), includingplug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).Although the vehicles will be producing thesavings rather than the Smart Grid, onlySmart Grid technologies will allow us to taptheir undamental potential. The idleproduction capacity o today’s grid couldsupply 73% o the energy needs o today’scars, SUVs, pickup trucks, and vans withexisting power plants. 11Additional bene itsinclude the potential to displace 52% o netoil imports (or 6.7 million barrels per day) andto reduce CO2 emissions by 27%.12

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Furthermore, by enabling the sale o more to managing our collective carbon optimizing wind

Widespread adoption o PHEVs will cut GHG emissions including CO2 . In the process,

it will work toward improving the general health o the United States as well as lessenin

our dependence on oreign oil.

electricity over the same in rastructure, theSmart Grid has the potential to lower electricrates. These bene its accrue, however, only i these vehicles are charged strictly o -peak.Charging PEVs on-peak would only urtherstress the grid.

In terms o carbon emissions, the nation’svehicles produce roughly the same carbonemissions as the nation’s coal-based powerplants. By moving their emissions rommillions o tailpipes to ar ewer smokestacks,

the Smart Grid could dramatically reduce thesize and complexity o the industry’s ongoing“clean-up detail.” That is, rather thanwondering how to handle hundreds o millions o our-wheeled emitters, Smart-Grid unctionality enables us to shi t ocusto challenges ranging rom carbonmanagement to the use o more renewablesources o electricity.

Widespread adoption o PHEVs will cut

greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions includingCO2. In the process, it will work towardimproving the general health o the UnitedStates as well as lessening our dependenceon oreign oil.

enabling carbon savings

The ull exploitation o renewable energysources such as wind and PV solar is critical

ootprint. However, when viewed againstthe limitations o the current grid, bothtechnologies ace barriers to ull-scaledeployment. A smarter grid enables gridoperators to see urther into the systemand allows them the lexibility to bettermanage the intermittency o renewables.This in turn surmounts a signi icant barrier,enabling wind and solar to be deployedrapidly – and in larger percentages.

Although possessing myriad attributes,renewables also increase the complexity ooperating the grid. A smarter grid enablesoperators to manage against this complexity

The Smart Grid can lower the net cost orwind power by regulating luctuations withdemand response. Combining demandresponse, energy storage and distributed andcentralized generation assets, you will be

POTENTIAL IMPACTS of HIGH PENETRATION of PLUGHYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES on the US POWER GRI

1

25

20

15

10

5

0

M I L L I O N S B A R R E L S p e r

D A Y

NetImports

12.5

PotentialPHEV

Displacement6.5

Transpor tation12.5

Gasoline9.1

U.S.Production

8.2 Industry

5.0

Residential, CommercialElectricity

Idle productioncapacity o the current

grid could supply 73% o the energy needs o today’s cars,

SUVs, pickups, and vans i vehicles are charged

o peak.




CAP & TRADE & SMART GRID

Congress is working on proposed legislation that would limit greenhouse gas emissions and turn them

into a commodity that can be bought and sold (i.e., cap and trade). Accurate accounting o actual carbon

ootprints made possible by a smarter grid o ers solid veri cation, thereby capturing the value and

enhancing the tradability o carbon o sets.

better able to manage these luctuations optimizing solar enabling storage(i.e., when the wind doesn’t blow) to lowerthe cost o integrating wind into the system.

A smarter grid can optimize wind resourcesin conjunction with demand response controls,

dealing with the intermittency o suchresources by actively managing “holes inthe wind.”

A PV array on every roo would be a welcomesight. However, although existingdistribution grids are capable o sa elysupporting initial penetrations o PV solar,

placing excess power back onto the grid maypose problems. Smart Grid control systemscan help the grid rise to this challenge.

The Smart Grid enables utilities to put morebatteries and other orms o energy storagein more places. Stationed at thousands o points throughout the Smart Grid, they

will provide additional electricity resourcesthroughout the system.

Accelerated Device Innovation

through OpenStandards

DirectFeedback toConsumers o Energy

Usage via Display Devices

Indirect Feedback to Consumers viaImproved Billing

SupportNe Utility

Business

Models

SMART GRID

Trans ormCustomer Energy

Use Beha ior

ContinuousCommissioning /

ProactiveMaintenance

Greater Availability o Green Power

EnhanceCustomerSer ice

Expanded Options or Dynamic Pricing & Demand Response Services

Reduced Line

Losses; VoltageControl

IndirectFeedback to

Customers withImproved Metering

& Billing

Impro eOperationalE iciency

Reduced Meter Reading Transportation

Requirements with Automated Meter

Reading

Energy Savingswith Peak Demand

Reductions

Eased Deployment o

Renewable Resourcesto Meet Peak

Demand

Reduced Operation o LessE icient Peaking

Plants

EnhanceDemand Response

& Load Control

Greater E iciency with

Enhanced Measurement& Veri ication (M&V)

Capabilities

SUMMARY OF ENERGY-SAVING AND CARBON-REDUCTION MECHANISMS ENABLED BY THE SMART GRID

12 As the owners o the in rastructure, utilities and other service providers are keenly aware o their sizable carbon ootprints. Recently, in EPRI’s Green

Grid Whitepaper, the Institute identi ied ways in which utilities can reduce carbon through the use o Smart Grid approaches and technologies.



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SECTION05

Living ina world o seemingly endless customer choice,

consumers have grown impatientwith systems characterized by

one way communicationand consumption.

CONSUMER ALERT:THE APPETITE FOR – AND PAOF – SMART GRID CHAN Attempting to gauge the rate o acceptance or a smarter grid reveals a fuid landscapeo changing attitudes, success ul Smart Grid programs and appliances that think.

70%

7 out o 10 people expressed

“high interest” in a unit that keeps

them apprised o their energy use

as well as dynamic pricing.

people

What will the Smart Grid do or consumers?And how much do consumers care?

In addition to making grid operations as awhole more reliable – an extremely worthygoal in itsel – the Smart Grid will empoweraverage energy consumers to a degreeunimaginable just a ew years ago. Givennew awareness, understanding and tools,they’ll be able to make choices that savemoney, enhance personal convenience,improve the environment – or all three.

Until recently, the overwhelming majority o consumers considered energy a passivepurchase. According to conventional wisdom,no one really wanted to think about it. And,

rankly, why would they want to? Historically,the system never di erentiated the true costo electricity to the consumer, so they’ve been

programmed not to care. Recent research,however, indicates that this perception haschanged signi icantly. Research conducted in2007 by Energy Insights indicates thatconsumers are interested in opportunitiesa orded them by the Smart Grid.

Although some consumers will opt orcontinued passivity, many will want to beinvolved in managing how and when theyconsume energy. Living in a world o seemingly endless customer choice –courtesy o the Internet, telecom andYouTube – consumers have grown impatientwith systems characterized by one-waycommunication and consumption. Researchby Energy Insights also reveals that 70% o respondents expressed “high interest” in aunit that keeps them apprised o their energyuse as well as dynamic pricing.

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When transmission and distribution sensors are added, 100% o Austin Energy’sconsumer base will be served by Smart Grid technologies.

Another key trigger or the growth o thisconsumer class has been growing environmentalawareness. A key rustration is that members o this class don’t have the tools to make thesechoices. Once Smart Grid technologies get thisin ormation into their hands, customers willenjoy greater levels o satis action and serviceas measured by outage minutes and have thesense that they can control their bills. Morebroadly, they’ll be able to do their part to reducepeak, which gives rise to both environmentaland economic bene its.

places

Austin, TexasAustin Energy, a utility thoroughly ocused onthe bottom line due to its municipal ownership,thought it was embarking on a modernizationproject. Instead, it went ar beyond thatobjective, enabling consumer choice through awide array o programs including demandresponse/load management, distributedgeneration and renewable energy programs.Programs such as these enabled the utility to

und investment in new technologies at no extra

cost to consumers . Recent deployment included130,000 smart meters and 70,000 smartthermostats. When transmission anddistribution sensors are added, 100% o AustinEnergy’s consumer base will be served by SmartGrid technologies.

Olympic Peninsula, WashingtonOne o the irst multi-dimensional DOE SmartGrid demonstration projects asked electricitycustomers to speci y a set o simple energypre erences – and then orget about them. Inthe background, the utility managed energythrough smart appliances and thermostats onthe customer’s behal , saving customersapproximately 10% on average. 13 A true measureo customer acceptance – many didn’t want theproject to end.

(smart) things

As or the state o smart appliances, major

home-appliance manu acturers are su icientlyconvinced o the commercial viability o theSmart Grid.

Whirlpool, the world’s largest manu acturer andmarketer o major home appliances, hasannounced that it plans to make all o itselectronically controlled appliances Smart Gridcompatible by 2015. The company will make allthe electronically controlled appliances itproduces – everywhere in the world – capable o

receiving and responding to signals rom theSmart Grid. The company mentioned that itsability to success ully deliver on thiscommitment in this time rame was dependenton two important public-private partnerships:First, the development by the end o 2010

“IF YOU ARE CALLING TO REPOAN OUTAGE...”

It was voted the most signi cant

engineering achievement o the

20th century.

Yet some o the people who run it aren’t

aware it’s not working unless the people

“le t in the dark” tell them.

14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/average.13





- -

“ ’ ”

’ -

A ather discovers his 4 year old behind the television, intently searching or something among all the wires

Asked what she’s trying to ind, she replies,

I m looking or the mouse.

New York Times, March 31, 2008

– Tomorrow s energy consumer, demonstrating a clear pre erence or two way communication.

ONE LESS $10 MILLIONSUBSTATION

DOE is unding several demonstration

projects across the country. Among these isthe Per ect Power project at the Illinois

Institute o Technology (IIT), leveraging

advanced technologies to create a replicable

and more reliable microgrid. The project’s

goals: to promote distribution automation,

encourage more local and renewable energy

generation and electricity usage. Prior to

embarking on this demonstration project,

local utility Exelon had planned on building

a third $10 million substation to serve IIT’s growing needs. That will no longer be

necessary. Not only will this project

eliminate the substation’s cost, but also the

carbon dioxide it would have generated.

o an open, global standard or transmittingsignals to and receiving signals rom a homeappliance; and second, appropriate policiesthat reward consumers, manu acturers andutilities or adding and using these new peakdemand reduction capabilities.

GE’s smart appliances – or demand-responseappliances – include a re rigerator, range,microwave, dishwasher and washer and dryer.Currently running as a pilot program, theseappliances receive a signal rom the utilitycompany’s smart meter, which alerts theappliances – and the participants – whenpeak electrical usage and rates are in e ect.In the pilot program, the signal word “eco”comes up on the display screen. Theappliances are programmed to avoid energyusage during that time or operate on a lowerwattage; however, participants could chooseto override the program.

THE PRIUS EFFECT

The Prius makes a strong anecdotal

case or “letting the customer drive” whe

it comes to energy decisions. Toyota’s mo

renowned hybrid vehicle eatures a dash

board monitor that constantly indicates

what e ect your driving habits have on yo

e ciency and makes visible – in real time

– the consequences o your energy usage

The resulting “Prius E ect” has been cited

various energy and computing researchers

as convincing evidence that consumers wi

readily change their habits i exposed to

eedback in real time.

1



SECTION06

The Maturity Model creates a roadmapo activities, investments,

and best practices with theSmart Grid as its

vision.

THE SMART GRID MATURIMODEL:BECAUSE ONE SIZDOESN’T FIT ALL.No two electricity service providers are alike. Nor are their business plans or investment strategies. As utilities across the country consider investing in a SmartGrid, they’re also searching or a reasonable degree o solid ooting. Utility executiveswant to know that making the grid smarter is good business with clear bene ts.

In e ect, how does a Smart Grid-curious entire industries orward. Consider, or

utility “do” the Smart Grid? example, how they have trans ormed theso tware development industry.

Moving orward toward the Smart Grid can’tbe done without adopting a systems view. During 2007-2009, IBM and seven utilitiesUtilities and Policymakers alike in search o a rom our continents developed the Maturitystarting place need look no urther than the Model and recently donated it to the CarnegieSmart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM). The Mellon So tware Engineering Institute (SEI).Maturity Model creates a roadmap o The SEI has developed worldwide de actoactivities, investments, and best practices standards, such as the Capability Maturitywith the Smart Grid as its vision. Those using Model Integration (CMMI) or processthe model will be able to establish an improvement, and led international e orts to

appropriate development path, communicate improve network security through its globallystrategy and vision, and assess current recognized Computer Emergency Responseopportunities. The Maturity Model can also Team (CERT) program.serve as a strategic ramework or vendors,

The U.S. Department o Energy is workingregulators, and consumers who have or desirewith the SEI, enabling the Institute to servea role in creating a smarter grid.as the independent steward o the global

Maturity models – which enable executives to SGMM with primary responsibility or itsreview the progress a business is making in ongoing governance, growth and evolutiontrans orming or altering the way it operates – based upon stakeholder needs, user eedbackhave an estimable track record o moving and market requirements.

16



1

1. PORTLAND GEN.

2. BC HYDRO

3. EPCOR

4. MANITOBAHYDRO

5. BONNEvILLEPOwER

6. SEMPRA

7. SALT RIvERPROJECT

8. COSERvE

9. AUSTIN ENERGY

10. CENTERPOINT

11. ENTERGY

12. EAST MISS. EPA

13. COMED

14. DOMINION vIR.

15. ALLEGHENYPOwER

16. PEPCO

17. DUKE

18. AEP

19. HYDRO OTTAwA

20. SCANA CORP.

21. EXELON

22. vELCO

23. FIRST ENERGY

To support widespread adoption and use,

the SEI will ensure availability o the model andsupporting materials and services orthe user community, including a suite o o erings on how to use the tool and “trainthe trainer” sessions.

It is important to note that the Smart GridMaturity Model is not a means o comparing oneutility with another; rather, the intent is strictlyone o sel -assessment. The irst step or utilitiesis taking the Smart Grid Maturity Model survey

by contacting [email protected] survey o ers insights into a utility’s currentposition relative to adoption and developmento the business plan necessary to set milestonestoward achieving the bene its o the Smart Grid– or both residential and business customers.

SMART GRID MATURITY MODLevels, Descriptions, Results

ONE:Exploring and

Initiating

L

E V E L

D E S C R I P T I O N

TWO:FunctionalInvesting

THREE:Integrating

Cross Functional

FOUR:Optimizing

Enterprise Wide

R E S U L T

FIVE:Innovating

Next Wave o

Improvements

vision Strategy Systemization Trans ormation PerpetualInno ation

Making decisions,at least at a

unctional level.Business cases inplace, investmentbeing made. One

or more unctionaldeployments under

way with valuebeing realized.

Strategy in place.

Smart Grid spreads.Operational

linkages established between two or more unctional

areas. Managementensures decisionsspan unctional

interests, resulting in cross unctional

bene its.

Smart Grid unctionality and

bene its realized.Management and

operational systemsrely on and takeull advantage o

observability and integrated control

across and betweenenterprise unctions.

New business,operational,

environmentaland societal

opportunitiespresent themselves,and the capability

exists to takeadvantage o them.

Contemplating Smart Grid

trans ormation.May have visionbut no strategy yet. Exploring

options. Evaluating business cases,

technologies. Mighthave elements

already deployed.

PARTICIPATION TO DATE



SECTION07

FERC, NARUC & THE SMARGRID CLEARINGHOUSE:

Simply put,the purpose o the

Collaborative is to get a ix on the state o Smart Grid issues, technologies and

best practices.

USING THE POWER OF COLLABORATION TO DRAWCLARITY FROM COMPLEXDOE-sponsored Smart Grid projects o various sizes and scope are increasingly coming be ore regulatory commissions in jurisdictions across the country.

In terms o generating enduring bene ts • Operating resiliently against physical andto the grid and society, the Smart Grid cyber events and natural disastersrepresents seven de ning and bene cial

Clearly, these unctions are desirable by anyunctions:standard. Yet reconciling their value with the

• Accommodating all generation and day-to-day business be ore the nation’sstorage options regulators is complex at best. Regulators are

hard at work balancing competing priorities;• Enabling informed participation keeping utility service reliable and a ordable;by customers “greening” the electricity supply; modernizing

transmission; and combating climate change.• Enabling new products, servicesWhere precisely does the Smart Grid “ it” inand marketstheir busy schedules and what does it mean

• Providing the power quality for the range to the ratepayers they serve?o needs in the 21st century

ferc/naruc smart grid• Optimizing asset utilization and collaborativeoperating e iciently

To urther their understanding with regard• Addressing disturbances through to the range o issues associated with the automated prevention, containment Smart Grid, ederal and state regulatory and restoration o icials have joined together under DOE 18



The Smart Grid Clearinghouse will serve as a repository or

public Smart Grid in ormation and direct its users to other

pertinent sources or databases or additional public

Smart Grid in ormation.

sponsorship to orm the FERC/NARUC SmartGrid Collaborative, using collaborationto draw clarity rom complexity.

The Collaborative brings in ormationto regulators so they can get a bettersense o the state o Smart Grid issues,technologies and best practices. At jointmeetings, regulators interact with a widearray o subject-matter experts on issuesthat range rom AMI to interoperability

standards to appropriate timing orSmart Grid deployments. Additionally,they are apprised o Smart Grid projectsalready at work. Most recently, at therequest o the two organizations, DOE hasestablished the Smart Grid Clearinghouse,a comprehensive website built to house “allthings Smart Grid,” detail and analyze bestpractices, and enable regulators to makemore in ormed ratemaking decisions.

the smart grid clearinghouseThe Collaborative sees the DOE-sponsoredSmart Grid Clearinghouse as an additionaltool or Smart Grid stakeholders to advanceSmart Grid concept and implementation aswell as a venue or many ederal and stateagencies and public and private sectororganizations to assess Smart Griddevelopment and practices.

The Smart Grid Clearinghouse will serve as arepository or public Smart Grid in ormationand direct its users to other pertinent sourcesor databases or additional public Smart Gridin ormation. The Clearinghouse will becomethe preeminent resource or stakeholdersinterested in researching high-level SmartGrid developments and keeping abreasto updates.

In general, the Clearinghouse will be

established and maintained in a timelymanner that will make data rom Smart Griddemonstration projects and other sourcesavailable to the public.

To ensure transparency and maximize“lessons learned,” recipients o DOE SmartGrid Investment Grants will be requiredto report setbacks as well as successeson the site. Accentuating such lessons willspeed knowledge trans er, acilitate bestpractices and hasten the progress o allSmart Grid initiatives.

SMART GRID“FOR THE REST OF US”

Analogous to the Clearinghouse, the

Department o Energy will also launch

www.smartgrid.gov. Created or a ar

broader audience – a “ typical” American

consumer o electricity interested in the

country’s energy plan but possibly puzzled

by its complexity – this site will keep the

public in ormed about DOE’s activities in

support o the Smart Grid in an easy to understand manner. The site will also

unction as a single point o entry

or the general and trade news media,

providing a value added re erence point

or this key outreach constituency.

1





’

SECTION08

The uturehas a unny way o

arriving while we re notlooking. Moving toward Smart

Grid adoption is a worthy and necessary step

toward thatuture.

NEXT STEPS: ACTION OR INACTION?

Does a Smart Grid really matter?

What i ?

What i , instead o building the Smart Grid, we do nothing?

if we do nothing, an environmentalstudy shows that U.S. carbon emissions areexpected to rise rom 1700 million tons o

carbon per year today to 2300 million tonso carbon by the year 2030.

The same study shows that utilities, throughimplementation o energy e iciency programsand use o renewable energy sources, couldnot only displace that growth, but actuallyhave the opportunity to reduce the carbonoutput to below 1,000 million tons o carbonby 2030. 14

if we do nothing about engaging the

consumer, we can expect to run out o bothchoices and time, drastically limiting ourability to meet uture energy challenges.

if we do nothing, the incidenceo massive and crippling blackouts willlikely increase.

if we do nothing, rates will increasedramatically to pay not only or electricity, butalso or increased transmission constraints,

ever higher peak loads and the mortgages onoutdated assets.

if we do nothing, all o us will paysubstantially more or electricity, to saynothing o the resulting plight o thosewho can least a ord to pay.

now consider action

The promise o a ully unctioning Smart Gridgets closer every day as more stakeholders

align behind it. For consumer advocates andthe people you serve, there are legitimatequestions as to its implementation. Thereis understandable concern relative toconsumer protection in that, with the SmartGrid, the relationship between the utilityand the customer may change dramatically.For instance, in permitting utilities or other

20



I nothing else changes – that needs to. A smarter grid makes it possible.

The risk a ire ighter assumes when he or she runs into a burning building is

compounded by the act that the utility cannot easily cut power to the structure

without manual intervention.

service providers access to data within thehome, how do we ensure that such data isused appropriately and handled securely?

With prudent regulatory policy and utilityrules, it will be easier to identi y and protectthose customers who can’t protectthemselves. Low-income customers,customers on ixed incomes, and the elderlyare most at risk rom extreme heat and coldwhen power is lost. A more reliable grid willlimit the risk and duration o outages andaccelerate the restoration o service.

What is lacking is e ective consumereducation, because the bene its o a SmartGrid have not been made clear to consumers.We hope that this book has illuminatedsome o those bene its and re er you to the

ollowing pages or more resources. Usethem to learn more about the advancementsthat the Smart Grid can and will makepossible or all o us.

A smarter grid will evolve into a ullyintegrated Smart Grid over time. But thattime is not ar o . Remember that “just”

i teen years ago, not many people had acell phone. Fast- orward now to 2017, when

there’s general agreement that a million The uture has a unny way o arriving whilplug-in electric vehicles will be on the road – we’re not looking. Moving toward Smart Grand potentially lessening strain on the grid. adoption is a worthy and necessary step

toward that uture.

2

TODAY’s GRID. AND TOMORROW’s.

Today’s Grid Smart Grid

In ormed, involved, and activeconsumers; demand response and distributed energy resources

Many distributed energy resourceswith plug and play convenience; ocuson renewables

Mature, well integrated wholesalemarkets, growth o new electricity markets or consumers

Power quality is a priority with a variety o quality/price options; rapid resolutiono issues

Greatly expanded data acquisition o

grid parameters; ocus on prevention,minimizing impact to consumers

Automatically detects and respondsto problems; ocus on prevention,minimizing impact to consumer

Resilient to attack and natural disasterswith rapid restoration capabilities

Consumers are unin ormed and non participative with power system

Dominated by central generation; many obstacles exist or distributed energy resources interconnection

Limited wholesale markets, not wellintegrated; limited opportunities or consumers

Focus on outages; slow response to powerquality issues

Little integration o operational data with

asset management; business process silos

Responds to prevent urther damage; ocusis on protecting assets ollowing ault

Vulnerable to malicious acts o terror and natural disasters



GLOSSARY:SMART GRID TERMS WORTH KNOWING.

ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE (AMI):AMI is a term denoting electricity meters that measure and record usage data at a minimum, in hourly intervals, andprovide usage data to both consumers and energy companies at least once daily.

CARboN DIoxIDE (Co2): A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas that is a normal part o Ear th’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product o ossil- uel combustion as well

as other processes. It is considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (in rared energy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potentialor global warming. The global warming potential (GWP) o other greenhouse gases is measured in relation to that o carbon dioxide, which by international scienti cconvention is assigned a value o one (1).

DEMAND RESPoNSE:This Demand-Side Management category represents the amount o consumer load reduction at the time o system peak due to utility programs thatreduce consumer load during many hours o the year. Examples include utility rebate and shared savings activities or the installation o energy e cient appliances, lightingand electrical machinery, and weatherization materials.

DISTRIbUTED GENERAToR:A generator that is located close to the particular load that it is intended to serve. General, but non-exclusive, characteristics o thesegenerators include: an operating strategy that supports the served load; and interconnection to a distribution or sub-transmission system.

DISTRIbUTIoN:The delivery o energy to retail customers.

ElECTRIC PowER:The rate at which electric energy is trans erred. Electric power is measured by capacity.

ElECTRIC UTIlITy:Any entity that generates, transmits, or distributes electricity and recovers the cost o its generation, transmission or distribution assets andoperations, either directly or indirectly. Examples o these entities include: investor-owned entities, public power districts, public utility districts, municipalities, rural electriccooperatives, and State and Federal agencies.

ENERGy EFFICIENCy, ElECTRICITy:Re ers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by speci c end-use devices and systems, typically without a ectingthe services provided. These programs reduce overall electricity consumption (reported in megawatthours), o ten without explicit consideration or the timing o program-induced savings. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technologically more advanced equipment to produce the same level o end-use services (e.g. lighting,heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples include high-e ciency appliances, e cient lighting programs, high-e ciency heating, ventilating and air conditioning(HVAC) systems or control modi cations, e cient building design, advanced electric motor drives, and heat recovery systems.

FEDERAl ENERGy REGUlAToRy CoMMISSIoN (FERC):The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing,natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline certi cation. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the Department o Energy and is the successor to theFederal Power Commission.

GREENhoUSE GASES (GhGs): Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydro luorocarbons (HFCs), per luorocarbons (PFCs) andsul ur hexa luoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but opaque to long-wave (in rared) radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy

rom leaving Earth’s atmosphere. The net e ect is a trapping o absorbed radiation and a tendency to warm the planet’s sur ace.

loAD (ElECTRIC):The amount o electric power delivered or required at any speci c point or points on a system. The requirement originates at the energy-consumingequipment o the consumers.

oFF PEAk:Period o relatively low system demand. These periods o ten occur in daily, weekly, and seasonal patterns; these o -peak periods di er or each individualelectric utility.

oN PEAk: Periods o relatively high system demand. These periods o ten occur in daily, weekly, and seasonal patterns; these on-peak periods di er or each individualelectric utility.

oUTAGE:The period during which a generating unit, transmission line, or other acility is out o service.

PEAk DEMAND oR PEAk loAD:The maximum load during a speci ed period o time.

PEAkER PlANT oR PEAk loAD PlANT: A plant usually housing old, low-e ciency steam units, gas turbines, diesels, or pumped-storage hydroelectric equipment normallyused during the peak-load periods.

RATEMAkING AUThoRITy:A utility commission’s legal authority to x, modi y, approve, or disapprove rates as determined by the powers given the commission by a Stateor Federal legislature.

RATE oF RETURN:The ratio o net operating income earned by a utility is calculated as a percentage o its rate base.

RATES:The authorized charges per unit or level o consumption or a speci ed time period or any o the classes o utility services provided to a customer.

RENEwAblE ENERGy RESoURCES:Energy resources that are naturally replenishing but fow-limited. They are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amounto energy that is available per unit o time. Renewable energy resources include: biomass, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, ocean thermal, wave action, and tidal action.

SolAR ENERGy: The radiant energy o the sun, which can be converted into other orms o energy, such as heat or electricity.

TIME-oF-DAy PRICING:A special electric rate eature under which the price per kilowatthour depends on the time o day.

TIME-oF-DAy RATE:The rate charged by an electric utility or service to various classes o customers. The rate refects the di erent costs o providing the service atdi erent times o the day.

TRANSMISSIoN (ElECTRIC):The movement or trans er o electric energy over an interconnected group o lines and associated equipment between points o supply andpoints at which it is trans ormed or delivery to consumers or is delivered to other electric systems. Transmission is considered to end when the energy is trans ormed ordistribution to the consumer.

wIND ENERGy:Kinetic energy present in wind motion that can be converted to mechanical energy or driving pumps, mills, and electric power generators.

22



RESOURCES:PLACES TO GO TO LEARN MORE.

DATABASE OF STATE INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLES & EFFICIENCY (DSIRE):http://www.dsireusa.org

EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE (EEI):http://www.eei.org

ELECTRICITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE (EAC):http://www.oe.energy.gov/eac.htm

ENERGY FUTURE COALITION: http://www.energy uturecoalition.org

EPRI INTELLIGRID:http://intelligrid.epri.com /

FERC/NARUC COLLABORATIVE:http://www.naruc.org/ erc/de ault.c m?c=3

GRID WEEK:http://www.gridweek.com

GRIDWISE ALLIANCE:http://www.gridwise.org

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA):http://www.nema.org

NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY (NETL):http://www.netl.doe.gov /

PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY (PNNL):http://www.pnl.gov /

PNNL GRIDWISE:http://www.gridwise.pnl.gov /

SMART GRID:http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid.htm

SMART GRID MATURITY MODEL (SGMM):http://www.sei.cmu.edu/smartgrid

SMART GRID TASK FORCE:http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid_task orce.htm

endnotes1Electricity Advisory Committee, Smart Grid: Enabler o the new energy economy, December 20082

Smart Grid, Enabling the 21st Century Economy, DOE Modern Grid Strategy, December 20083EIA, Energy Outlook 20094Rick Morgan, Commissioner, DC Public Service Commission, Speech to EnergyBiz Leadership Forum, March 20095Smart Grid Bene its, DOE Modern Grid Strategy, August 20076Smart Grid Bene its, DOE Modern Grid Strategy, August 20077Smart Grid Bene its, DOE Modern Grid Strategy, August 20078Paci ic Northwest National Laboratory, “The Smart Grid and Its Role in a Carbon-constrained World,” February 20099Smart Grid: Enabling the 21st Century Economy, DOE Modern Grid Strategy, December 200810EIA, U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions rom Energy Sources 2008 Flash Estimate, May 200911Paci ic Northwest National Laboratory, “The Smart Grid and Its Role in a Carbon-constrained World,” February 200912Paci ic Northwest National Laboratory, “The Smart Grid and Its Role in a Carbon-constrained World,” February 200913Paci ic Northwest National Laboratory, “The Smart Grid and Its Role in a Carbon-constrained World,” February 200914Electricity Advisory Committee, Smart Grid: Enabler o the new energy economy, December 2008

2

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.dsireusa.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.eei.org

http://www.oe.energy.gov/eac.htm

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.energyfuturecoalition.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://intelligrid.epri.com

http://www.naruc.org/ferc/default.cfm?c=3

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.gridweek.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.gridwise.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.nema.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.netl.doe.gov

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.pnl.gov

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.gridwise.pnl.gov

http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid.htm

http://www.sei.cmu.edu/smartgrid

http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid_taskforce.htm

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.dsireusa.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.eei.org

http://www.oe.energy.gov/eac.htm

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.energyfuturecoalition.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://intelligrid.epri.com

http://www.naruc.org/ferc/default.cfm?c=3

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.gridweek.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.gridwise.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.nema.org

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.netl.doe.gov

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.pnl.gov

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/http://www.gridwise.pnl.gov

http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid.htm

http://www.sei.cmu.edu/smartgrid

http://www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid_taskforce.htm



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