SFG1690 V9 Public Disclosure Authorized€¦ · 01/02/2016 · Ganga Action Plan-I, Nala tapping...

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT WITH

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR

ANUPSHAHAR SEWERAGE SCHEME (Distt Bulandshahar)

Joint Director General Manager

Project Implementation Unit Yamuna Pollution

Control

U.P. Jal Nigam Unit U.P. Jal Nigam

Ghaizabad Ghaziabad

SFG1690 V9

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Content Content ...................................................................................................................................... 2

List of Figure .............................................................................................................................. 6

List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 7

1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 14

1.1 Ganga clean up initiatives ......................................................................................... 14

1.2 The Ganga River Basin Project .................................................................................. 15

1.2.1 World Bank assistance ....................................................................................... 16

1.3 Project components .................................................................................................. 16

1.3.1 Institutional development ................................................................................. 16

1.3.2 Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments ...................................... 18

1.4 Structure of the Report ............................................................................................. 20

2 Project description............................................................................................................ 23

2.1 About the City ........................................................................................................... 23

2.1.1 History ................................................................................................................ 23

2.1.2 Town at a Glance ............................................................................................... 23

2.1.3 Existing Sewerage Facilities in City .................................................................... 24

2.1.4 Works Completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase - II (GAP-II) ........................ 25

2.2 Necessity of this project ............................................................................................ 28

2.3 Proposed City Sewerage Plan .................................................................................... 29

2.3.1 Forecasted wastewater generation scenario .................................................... 29

2.4 Proposed Sewerage Treatment Plant (MBBR Technology) ...................................... 31

2.5 Disposal of Treated Effluent ...................................................................................... 32

2.5.2 Manhole ............................................................................................................. 43

2.5.3 House Connection Chamber .............................................................................. 44

2.5.4 Construction Methodology ................................................................................ 44

2.5.5 Muck and Debris Management ......................................................................... 45

2.5.6 U.P.PCB CONSENT .............................................................................................. 45

2.5.7 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ........................................................................... 45

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2.5.8 Financial Cost Summary ..................................................................................... 45

3 Approach and Methodology ............................................................................................. 47

3.1 Screening Activity for Project Impact Assessment.................................................... 49

3.2 Conclusion of Screening Activity ............................................................................... 57

4 Regulations and Legal Framework ................................................................................... 58

4.1 Applicable Laws and Regulations – Environmental .................................................. 58

4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India ......................................................... 58

4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations ......................................................... 59

4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social .................................................................. 61

4.2.1 National Policies and Acts .................................................................................. 61

4.2.2 The right to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition,

rehabilitation and resettlement act, 20i3 ........................................................................ 62

4.2.3 Forest Rights Act 2006 ....................................................................................... 63

4.3 Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP ..................... 74

4.4 Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation

and Resettlement Act, 2013 .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5 Baseline Status .................................................................................................................. 78

5.1 Baseline Environmental Status ................................................................................. 78

5.1.1 Physiography and Topography .......................................................................... 78

5.1.2 Climate ............................................................................................................... 80

5.1.3 Land Use Pattern ................................................................................................ 84

5.1.4 Geological and Geophysical features................................................................. 85

5.1.5 Duration of Monitoring to generate the base line ............................................ 88

5.1.6 Meteorology ...................................................................................................... 88

5.1.7 Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................................... 88

5.1.8 Noise Environment ............................................................................................ 93

5.1.9 Water Environment ........................................................................................... 97

5.1.10 Drainage System .............................................................................................. 104

5.1.11 Waste Water Management ............................................................................. 104

5.1.12 Waste generation: ........................................................................................... 105

5.2 Tourism .................................................................................................................... 108

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5.3 Environmentally Sensitive Zone .............................................................................. 109

5.4 Health Care .............................................................................................................. 110

5.5 Education ................................................................................................................. 111

5.6 Soil ........................................................................................................................... 112

5.6.1 Bathing Ghats ................................................................................................... 114

5.6.2 Biological Environment .................................................................................... 115

5.6.3 Socio Economic Baseline .................................................................................. 120

6 Environmental and Social Impacts ................................................................................. 129

6.1 Environmental Impacts ........................................................................................... 129

6.1.1 Design and Development Phase ...................................................................... 130

6.1.2 Impacts during construction phase ................................................................. 131

6.1.3 Air quality ......................................................................................................... 132

6.1.4 Noise levels ...................................................................................................... 132

6.1.5 Water resources ............................................................................................... 133

6.2 Impacts during operation phase ............................................................................. 133

6.2.1 Water environment ......................................................................................... 134

6.2.2 Noise and air quality ........................................................................................ 134

6.3 Potential Social Impacts .......................................................................................... 134

6.3.1 Social Impacts .................................................................................................. 134

6.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 136

7 Mitigation and Management Plan .................................................................................. 138

7.1 Environmental Management Plan .......................................................................... 138

7.1.1 Implementation of EMP Specific activities by Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam ......... 138

7.2 Implementation of EMP .......................................................................................... 138

7.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan .............................................................................. 169

7.4 Social Management Plan ......................................................................................... 173

7.4.1 Social mitigation plans during construction phase .......................................... 173

7.4.2 Social mitigation plans during operation phase .............................................. 175

7.4.3 Consultation Framework for Participatory Planning and Implementation of

Mitigation Plan ................................................................................................................. 178

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7.4.4 Assess the Capacity of Institutions and Mechanisms for Implementing Social

Development Aspects and Social Safeguard Plans; Recommend Capacity building

measures ......................................................................................................................... 180

7.4.5 Develop Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms to Assess Social Development

Outcomes ........................................................................................................................ 181

7.5 EMP Budget ............................................................................................................. 181

8 Social Development Outcomes and Issues ..................................................................... 189

8.1 Social Development Outcomes of the sub project ................................................. 198

8.2 Social Development Issues in Project Vicinity and Social Services to be provided by

the project ........................................................................................................................... 199

9 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 200

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List of Figure

Figure 1 Tapped Nala .................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 2 Overflow of Nala falling into the river ............................................................................ 24

Figure 3Existing STPs location ....................................................................................................... 26

Figure 4STP-I, Zone-A, 0.805 MLD ................................................................................................ 28

Figure 5STP-II, Zone-B, 1.75 MLD.................................................................................................. 28

Figure 6 Plan of treated waste water used for irrigation purposes ............................................. 35

Figure 8 Flowchart describing the steps adopted for Project Impact Assessment ...................... 47

Figure 9Distribution of Dolphin in Upper Ganga System population up to October 2012

(source WWF) ............................................................................................................................... 80

Figure 10 Temperature Variation & Precipitation ........................................................................ 82

Figure 11 Annual Temperature ..................................................................................................... 81

Figure 12 Annual Rainfall .............................................................................................................. 83

Figure 13 Land use & Cropping Pattern ........................................................................................ 84

Figure 14 Geology of the town ..................................................................................................... 85

Figure 15 Underground Sewer Line .............................................................................................. 86

Figure 16 Groundwater Scenario of the Town ............................................................................. 87

Figure 17 Wind Rose ..................................................................................................................... 88

Figure 18 Air Sampling in progress ............................................................................................... 92

Figure 19 Noise Sampling .............................................................................................................. 96

Figure 20 Water Sampling Site Pics ............................................................................................ 103

Figure 21 Drainage Pattern in whole State ................................................................................. 104

Figure 22 Tourism Map of the State ........................................................................................... 108

Figure 23 Environmentally Sensitive Zones ................................................................................ 109

Figure 24 Health Care in the State and Town ............................................................................. 110

Figure 25 Education Scenario in the town .................................................................................. 111

Figure 26 Soils in different Parts of State and Town .................................................................. 113

Figure 27 Soil Collection for sampling purposes ......................................................................... 114

Figure 28Distribution of Dolphin in Upper Ganga System population up to October 2012

(source WWF) ............................................................................................................................. 120

Figure 29 Socio-Economic Profile of the town ........................................................................... 121

Figure 30 Density of Population in the town .............................................................................. 124

Figure 31 Mela pictures in Anupshahr ........................................................................................ 126

Figure 32 Cultural Significance in the state ................................................................................ 127

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List of Tables

Table 1 Zone-A, Wards & Population............................................................................................ 30

Table 2 Zone B-Wards & Population ............................................................................................. 31

Table 3 STP Capacities in Year 2028 & 2048 ................................................................................. 32

Table 4 Plan for 5 & 10 Years of treated water usage .................................................................. 35

Table 5 Land Requirement for MPS ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 6 Length of Sewerage Network for subsequent dia. .......................................................... 42

Table 7 Implementation Schedule ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 8 Form J for the Sewerage Scheme ..................................................................................... 46

Table 9Screening Activity .............................................................................................................. 50

Table 10 Key Environmental Laws & Regulations ......................................................................... 59

Table 11Dolphin habitat parameters in Upper Ganga River (Narora- Anupshahr) ...................... 79

Table 12Depth of Water below Ground level and its Hydro-geological Conditions in

Anupshahr ..................................................................................................................................... 87

Table 13 Air Quality monitoring location ...................................................................................... 89

Table 14 Noise Ambient Quality ................................................................................................... 95

Table 15 Water Quality at STP Inlet .............................................................................................. 97

Table 16 Water Quality at STP Outlet ........................................................................................... 98

Table 17 Water Quality of Ganga River ........................................................................................ 99

Table 18 Soil Parameters examined at the site .......................................................................... 112

Table 19 List of Flora in the town ............................................................................................... 116

Table 20Dolphin habitat parameters in Upper Ganga River (Narora- Anupshahr) .................... 119

Table 21Comparative analysis of various sewage treatment technologies ............................... 130

Table 22 Environment Management Plan .................................................................................. 140

Table 23 Environmental Management Plan for Sewerage Network in Anupshahr ................... 161

Table 24Environment Monitoring Programme .......................................................................... 170

Table 25Social Management Plan ............................................................................................... 176

Table 26Role of stakeholder in implementation and mitigation ................................................ 180

Table 27EMP Budget ................................................................................................................... 183

Table 28Cost of Environmental Monitoring Plan ....................................................................... 188

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ABBREVEATIONS

AAQM Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

ASI Archaeological Survey of India

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

GoI Government of India

INTACH Indian National Trust for Art and Culture Heritage

WSP Waste Stabilization Pond

MFP Minor Forest Produce

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest

MPS Main Pumping Station

MSL Mean Sea Level

NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority

NGRBP National Ganga River Basin Programme

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PMG Project Management Group

PPE Personal Protection Equipment

SPCB State Pollution Control Boards

SPS Sewage Pumping Station

STP Sewage Treatment Plant

UDD Urban Development Department

USEPA United States Environment Protection Agency

WTP Water Treatment Plant

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In order to reduce the pollution load on the river, Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was launched. In

the GAP town was taken as the unit of planning. However, in view of the short comings

observed in the approach followed in the GAP it was felt necessary that the river

conservation plan needs to be revamped. To give a fresh impetus to pollution abatement of

River Ganga & its tributaries by adopting a holistic approach with river basin as the unit of

planning and management, National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) was set up in Feb

2009. Thus the objective has now shifted from town centric to river basin approach.

Anupshahr is a major town in distt. Bulandshahar UP. It is located 115 km away from

Delhi,95 km away from Noida,75 km away from Greater Noida, 55 km away from Aligarh

and 40 KM away from Bulandshahr This city is full of cultural and historical heritage. It is

located on the bank of Holy River Ganga, thousands of people take holy bath in River Ganga

through Anupshahr Ganga Ghat. The Town comprises of 25 nos. of wards and at presents

holds the population of 29700 as per the 2011 population survey data.

The Town comprises of 25 nos. of wards and for each and every ward there is a provision

for water supply line. There is no provision of private tube wells in the town. The water

supply within the area is adequate to cater the total population in different wards. The

Water Supply rate is different for the piped and stand posts connections. The 96 % of the

population is fed through proper piped water supply with the per capita rate of 120lpcd and

the remaining population which is utilizing the hand pumps and other sources will be fed

with a rate of rate of 15 lpcd.

Anupshahr town at present doesn’t have a sewerage network system. However, under

Ganga Action Plan-I, Nala tapping was done by intercepting the flow and diverting it into

two nos. of sewerage treatment Plants of 1.75 mld and 0.805 mld capacity respectively. At

present only the flow of Nalas is tapped and diverted to STP and treated water is discharged

into the River Ganga. However in the rainy seasons and the peak flow period (Mela period)

these 250mm sewer lines are collapsed and the overflow of the waste water creates the

unhygienic conditions for the people residing in the area.

The population projection including the floating population of the town has been worked

out by various statistical methods. The “Incremental Increase Method” has been adopted

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for the population projections from all other methods as the population increase trends in

the Anupshahr town for the previous years is in accordance with the projected population

calculated from this method. The initial (2018), mid (2033) & ultimate (2048) stage

population adopted for the project are 38795, 49878 & 63635 respectively.

The rate of water supply for preparing the sewerage project has been taken as 135 lpcd

with a return factor of 0.8. Ground water infiltration has also been taken into consideration

where ever applicable. On this basis the waste water generation for initial, mid& ultimate

stage comes to4.19MLD 5.39 MLD & 6.87MLD respectively. The sewerage project has been

prepared on this basis.

The design is done by keeping in mind that there should be no requirement of IPS within

the sewerage network, apart from the main Pumping stations. The route of the sewerage

pipes is laid in such a way that wastewater mostly follows the gravity flow. The drawing

showing the sewerage network and the design sheet of the sewerage network is shown in

the later section of the report. After considering both the options, it is concluded that

option-II is more feasible than the earlier one in terms of financial and technical aspects.

Proposed sewerage system is designed for 30 years period. The major components of the

proposed project include:

The sewage network is designed to be laid down in the town considering the peak factor of

3.0; the total estimated length of sewage network is likely to be 60 kms (approx.) with

sewer ranging from 150mm dia to 600 mm dia. Non clog submersible pumps are proposed

to be provided at MPS and these pumping units are designed for the waste water flows

from the connected sewer. The capacity of each pump will be ¼ of peak flow. Six pumps will

be provided at each pumping station as the 50% standby is proposed. The rising main have

been designed for SPS in Zone-A and Zone-B for the lifting of waste water from the low lying

areas to the corresponding STPs. The design is made for the middle and peak capacities

having make of DI with dia of 300mm. There are two MPS proposed at the site located in

the plan. The existing two MPS will be dismantled once the construction of these new MPS

is done.

The Life Cycle costing (LCC) technique has been adopted to determine the most suitable

Technological option for the STP at Anupshahr. On this basis, MBBR has been adopted. This

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option is cost effective, acquires lesser area and produces quality results.

The characteristics of the waste water carried by all the three drains in the town were

measured. The waste water characteristics’ of the samples taken from the drains is on

tower side & does not present the real picture of the characteristics of waste water

generated in the town. The STP has therefore been designed for BOD5 -220 mg/I, TSS-350

mg/I, Fecal coliform 106-109 MPN/100 ml, which are in general adopted for design of STPs

in similar towns. The Sewage Treatment Plant has been designed for year 2028 requirement

of 4.96mld capacity. Capacity of STP at Zone A& Zone B are 2.267 mld & 2.688 mld

respectively. Further modules can be added in future as & when required. The land for

proposed STP belongs to Nagar Panchayat.

The treated wastewater is very rich in terms of nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus.

Therefore, it shall be proposed to utilize it as a resource for agriculture. The treated waste

water will be carried by the RCC pipe of 600 mm dia. having length of 650 m to the River

Ganga for Zone-A and 600 mm dia. having length of 450 m for Zone-B, if it is not being

utilized for irrigation purposes.

The treated effluent is proposed to be disinfected by using a suitable methodology & then

used for irrigation purposes. Provision has also been made for staff quarters, administrative

building & lab, power connections, land for pumping station & 5 years O&M Cost etc.

As per the Environmental and Social Management Framework (NGRBA, 2011), the

implementation of such river pollution mitigation projects under the NGRBP is anticipated

to encounter a variety of environmental and social issues/problems. Therefore the study of

environment and social sector is required for analyzing the impacts of proposed project,

and suggesting the management plans to handle any negative impacts. The Detailed Project

Report and the Environmental and Social Assessment with Management Plan (ESAMP) is

being prepared on the basis of the Detailed Project Report that has been prepared by U.P.

Jal Nigam.

Most of the waste water of the town is discharged directly in the River Ganga which not

only adds to the pollution load of River Ganga but also creates unhygienic conditions in the

town, unhealthy environment & endangers public health. Therefore in order to reduce

pollution load of River Ganga and create a healthy environment in the town, pollution

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abatement works in which a planned sewerage system is provided to the town, is a must.

The methodology adopted for the environmental and social assessment includes secondary

data analysis carrying out scoping in the field, survey of the host population and discussions

with key stakeholders including government officials, Nagar Panchayat and local residents.

Based on these outcomes, a screening activity was conducted with the help of the screening

checklist format provided in Environmental and Social Management Framework of NGRBA.

Thereafter, environmental and social impacts were identified and assessed and a mitigation

plan was developed based on the aforementioned.

The screening checklist includes criteria that details out the impact level of various activities

during the construction and operation phases. These criteria include environmental factors

such as the presence of eco-sensitive region in and around the project area, clearance of

tree cover, improper storage of excavation spoils, flooding of adjacent areas, noise and dust

levels & damage to existing utilities. Social criteria include factors such as requirement for

land acquisition if needed, displacement of habitants, and loss of livelihood and gender

issues.

Based on the criteria-wise screening activity and the categorization of potential sub projects

of the NGRBP, the present project of Sewerage work in Anupshahr town falls under low

impact category, which does not need any land acquisition and has an overall positive

impact by tapping the wastewater which was earlier polluting the river Ganga.

As a part of ESAMP, baseline study of the Anupshahr town was prepared to understand the

region's existing physical characteristics, cultural and social status of the residing

community.

While in baseline status of social section, it brings out the status of demographic

composition of the population, general land use feature of the wards and also details of the

social survey outcomes at various consultations held in different wards of the town.

Although there would not be any negative or adverse environmental or social impacts, but

these have temporary impacts on air quality (impact on health), traffic blockages, safety

hazards for pedestrians, possible interruption in commercial activity, and accidental

breakage of other public infrastructure such as water pipes.

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These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans, which have

been suggested in the ESAMP. The probable cost of environmental management plan, has

been estimated to be approximately Rs.70.59 lac. The details have been given in table 7.5 of

this report. The larger environmental value of the project greatly outweighs the temporary

disruptions and impacts mentioned above. The project is expected to benefit the town, as

the wastewater that currently flows untreated into the Ganga River will be arrested &

treated. The treated effluent is proposed to be used for irrigation and afforestation & may

have to be discharged into river Ganga during rainy season.

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1 Introduction

The river Ganga has significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India.

Rising in the Himalayas and flowing in to the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses a course of

more than 2,500 km through the plains of north and eastern India. The Ganga main stem

- which also extends into parts of Nepal, China and Bangladesh - accounts for 26 per cent

of India's landmass, 30 per cent of its water resources and more than 40 per cent of its

population. The Ganga also serves as one of India's holiest rivers whose cultural and

spiritual significance transcends the boundaries of the basin.

Despite its importance, extreme pollution pressures from increasing population and

industrialization pose a great threat to the biodiversity and environmental sustainability of

the Ganga, with detrimental effects on both the quantity and quality of its flows.

Discharge of untreated sewage and industrial wastewater, non-point pollution sources

from religious activities along the river, agriculture and livestock as well as poor solid

waste management are the main causes for pollution in river Ganga.

1.1 Ganga clean up initiatives

The Government of India (GoI) has undertaken clean-up initiatives in the past. The most

prominent of such efforts was the Ganga Action Plan, launched in 1985 later

complemented by a similar plan for the Yamuna, the biggest tributary of the Ganga.

These programmes have faced significant public scrutiny and, despite some gains made

in slowing the rate of water quality degradation, they have been widely perceived as

failure. The main shortcomings of these initiatives were: (1) inadequate attention to

institutional dimensions, including the absence of a long-tem-basin planning and

implementation framework; (2) little effort made in addressing systemic weakness in the

critical sectors of urban wastewater, solid waste management, environmental

monitoring, regulation and water resources management; and (3) inadequate scale,

coordination and prioritization of investments, with little emphasis on ensuring their

sustainability. These programs also did not pay sufficient attention to the social

dimensions of river clean-up, failing to recognize the importance of consultation,

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participation and awareness-raising.

The lessons drawn from these prior experiences indicate that improving water quality in

the Ganga cannot be achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Rather, any

effective initiative will have to adopt a three-pronged approach:

• Establishing a basin-level, multi-sectorial framework for addressing pollution in the

river (including national/state policies and river basin management institutions);

• Making relevant institutions operational and effective (e.g. with the capacity to plan,

implement and manage investments and enforce regulations); and,

• Implementing a phased program of prioritized infrastructure investments (with

emphasis on sustainable operations and mobilization of community support)

1.2 The Ganga River Basin Project

As a major first step in achieving the above, the Government of India (GoI) constituted

the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), on 20thFebruary 2009, for the

comprehensive management of the river. The NGRBA will adopt a river-basin approach

and has been given a multi-sector mandate to address both water quantity and quality

aspects. The NGRBA has resolved that by year 2020, no untreated municipal sewage or

industrial effluents will be discharged into River Ganga.

Building on the high-level dialogue with GOI on Ganga, The World Bank has been

formally requested to provide long-term support to NGRBA, through several phases of

substantive financing and knowledge support. While, the overall technical assistance and

program development under the proposed project will focus on the entire Ganga main

stem, the initial emphasis of the specific investments under the first project will focus on

main stem of Ganga flowing through five basin states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh,

Uttarakhand and West Bengal in India. Specifically, pollution abatement programs in

cities on the banks of these States which would include a range of municipal investments

such as sewer networks, waste water treatment facilities, industrial pollution control

measures, river front management and solid waste disposal in the river through

improved management in these cities and other required supportive improvements. This

is expected to be enabled through several phases of substantive financing and

knowledge support.

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The first project of such several phases of support aims at;

1. Establishing and operationalizing central and state level NGRBA institutions capable of

planning and implementing a multi sectorial river water quality improvement

program and;

2. Reducing pollution loads into the river through selected investments.

To achieve the above, the proposed World Bank assisted National Ganga River Basin

Project (NGRBP) envisages two main components.

1.2.1 World Bank assistance

The Government of India has sought programmatic assistance from the World Bank to

support the NGRBA in the long term. This project is the first operation under this

agreement, and aims to support the NGRBA in establishing its operational-level

institutions and implementing priority investments.

1.3 Project components

The project will have two components relating to institutional development and priority

infrastructure investments. The first component would seek to build the institutional

capacity to effectively implement the overall NGRBA program, including infrastructure

investments funded by the second component.

1.3.1 Institutional development

1.3.1.1 Objective

The objectives of this component are to: (i) build functional capacity of the NGRBA's

operational institutions at both the central and state levels; and (ii) provide support to

associated institutions for implementing the NGRBA program.

The activities financed under this component are grouped under the following sub-

components:

(a) Sub-component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Program Management

(b) Sub-component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Providers

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(c) Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulators

1.3.1.2 Sub Component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Program Management

This sub-component is aimed at supporting the nascent operational institutions

established for implementing the NGRBA program at the central and state levels on a full

time basis.

The NGRBA's operational institutions comprise the Program Management Group (PMG)

at the central level, and SGRCA Program Management Groups (SPMGs) at the state level.

The PMG is being established as a fully owned society of the Government of India, with

suitable structure, staff, powers and leadership, to lead the planning and program

management of the NGRBA program at the national level. It is supported and housed by

the MOEF as the nodal Ministry. Similarly, the SPMGs are being established in the form

of registered societies, to ensure effective planning and program management at the

state level.

Separating Program Management from Investment Execution: The rationale for

establishing the PMG and SPMGs is to have institutions with single point responsibility

for the NGRBA's program planning, management and long-term sustainability.

Program Management for the Entire NGRBA Program: The sub-component will provide

for initial setup costs of office infrastructure and equipment, as well as provision of

critical consultancies, incremental staffing, training, and operation costs. Key NGRBA

program management activities included under this sub-component are described below:

(a) Enhancing Ganga Knowledge Resources

(b) Communications and Public Participation

(c) Innovative Pilots

(d) Program of Action for Carbon Credits

1.3.1.3 Sub component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Provider

The long term operation and maintenance of the NGRBA-funded assets is the responsibility

of the ULBs and local service providers, and this sub-component is aimed at providing

assistance that can gradually enable them to take on their role.

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1.3.1.4 Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulator

This sub-component is aimed at addressing the key constraints faced by the CPCB and SPCBs

related to their functions regarding the Ganga. The subcomponent will support:

a) Capacity building of the CPCB and SPCBs

b) Up-gradation of Ganga Water Quality Monitoring System

1.3.2 Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments

1.3.2.1 Objective

The objective of this component is to finance demonstrative infrastructure investments to

reduce pollution loads in priority locations on the river.

1.3.2.2 Four Investment Sectors

The majority of investments are expected to be in the wastewater sector, particularly in

Wastewater treatment plants and sewerage networks. Investments will also be supported in

industrial pollution control and prevention (e.g. common effluent treatment plants), solid

waste management (e.g. collection, transport and disposal systems), and river front

management (e.g. improvement of the built environment along river stretches,

improvement of small ghats and electric crematoria, and the conservation and preservation

of ecologically sensitive sites). Many investments are likely to combine elements of more

than one of these sectors.

1.3.2.3 The Framework Approach

In lieu of defining and appraising specific investments, the project preparation has focused

on developing investments framework covering all four key sectors of intervention under

the NGRBA program. This single framework will apply to all investments under the NGRBA

program.

The objectives of the investments framework are to:

A) Provide a filter for all the NGRBA investments, for ensuring that the selected investments

are well-prepared and amongst the most effective in reducing the pollution loads;

B) Make transparent the decision-making process on investments selection; and

C) Ensure that the investments are implemented in a sustainable manner

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1.3.2.3.1 Framework Criteria

The investments framework prescribes the criteria and quality assurance standards covering

various aspects including eligibility, prioritization, planning, technical preparation, financial

and economic analyses, environmental and social management, long term O&M

sustainability, community participation, and local institutional capacity.

1.3.2.4 Investment Execution

The investments program will be planned and managed by the NGRBA PMG and SPMGs,

while the execution of specific infrastructure investments will be done by the selected

existing and qualified state-level technical agencies. To foster competition and tap private

sector efficiencies, the state governments with significant infrastructure investments are

setting up a public-private joint venture infrastructure company, to execute NGRBA and

other similar investments in the respective states in the medium to long term.

1.3.2.5 Rehabilitation of existing infrastructure

Investments involving rehabilitation of existing infrastructure will be included on priority,

due to their intrinsically higher returns in terms of reductions in pollution loads entering the

Ganga.

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1.4 Structure of the Report

The Environment and Social Assessment with Management Plan for the Sewerage works in

Anupshahr town, Uttar Pradesh rolls out the baseline status of the existing sewage situation

and analyzes the situation if the proposed project is implemented, with its possible

implications and to negate those implications management plan is advised which is as per

the Environment and Social Management Framework.

Chapter 1:starts with the introduction of the programme to clean up River Ganga and

various mechanisms to implement the project. This chapter details out the functionalities of

the institutions involved in the project.

Chapter 2:In this chapter, specific project description is discussed pertaining to the

proposed sewerage project in Anupshahr town. This chapter provides insight into the

various components of the proposed project.

Chapter 3: This chapter of the report talks about the methodology adopted for the

environmental and social assessment included secondary data analysis and identifying

information requirements and their sources, defining the project area and carrying out

scoping in the field, survey of the host population and discussion with key stakeholders

including Nagar Panchayat at government officials and local residents. Based on these

outcomes, a screening activity was conducted with the help of the screening checklist

format provided in ESMF report of NGRBA.

Chapter 4: In this chapter of the report presents the applicable laws and guidelines related

to such kind of projects and are in accordance with the ESMF report. It gives insight to

applicable environmental and social laws including land acquisition act and forest act.

Chapter 5:In this chapter, detailed baseline scenario of the information available for city and

for sewerage in Anupshahr town is presented for both environmental and social aspects.

Baseline scenario helps to assess the situation now and provides an indication of the

scenario after the project execution. In environmental scenario it reflects the status of

environmental entities like status of climate, geological features, air quality, water quality,

waste management. As part of the social scenario, it brings out the status of demographic

21

composition of the population, general land-use features of the wards and also details of

the social survey outcomes at various consultations held in different wards of the sewerage

district.

Chapter 6:In this chapter, environmental and social impacts were identified and assessed

which details out the key issues related to safety, environmental concerns and livelihood. It

identifies issues at various stages of the project cycle i.e. during design and development

phase, construction as well as during the operation phase.

The project activities would not have any negative or adverse environmental or social

impacts. There may however be temporary and very limited impacts due to various

construction activities to be undertaken. The identified environmental impacts have further

been classified under the heads of environmentally sensitive areas, air quality, water

resources and noise quality. The social impacts have further been classified under impacts

on human health, traffic congestion, impact on livelihood, land acquisition, impact on

utilities and existing infrastructure, noise levels, safety hazards and failure to restore

temporary construction sites.

Chapter 7:The temporary impacts which have been broadly described in the ongoing

chapters can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans, which have been focused upon

in this Chapter of the report, along with monitoring and evaluation of future projects.

However, keeping in view that the impacts will only be temporary and short lived, it is

concluded that the larger environmental value of the project greatly outweighs them. It also

chalks out management plan with specific environmental management plan and social

management plan and also brings out cost issues related to it. For better execution of the

project it presents the consultation framework for participatory planning and also talks

about the capacity of institutions involved.

Chapter 8: This Chapter is a presentation of social development outcomes of the proposed

project and related issues. It showcases the benefits of having this project and how this

project can also benefit the marginalized sections of society. It suggests measures to extend

the benefit of the proposed activities.

22

Chapter 9: This is the final chapter concludes the inferences brought out from the

environmental and social analysis of the project activities in Anupshahr town. It also

highlights the conclusion based on the analysis which shows that the proposed project can

be categorized as low impact.

23

2 Project description

2.1 About the City

2.1.1 History

According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, the founder of Anupshahr

was Bargujar Raja Anup Rai, and thus the date of foundation of present day Anupshahr was

between 1605 and 1628 (during the reign of the Moghul emperor Jahangir). Raja Anup Rai

saved Jahangir during a lion hunt, by intercepting and then helping to kill a lion that

attacked the emperor. Jahangir presented this area to Raja Anup Rai, and the city is named

after him. Anup Rai made a fort nearby.

During the period of King Tarasingh (the 8th generation from Raja Anup Singh) this area

progressed very much. At that time the area was known for Ayurvedic medicine and for

business by boats in northern India.

In 1857, during the first war of independence the town of Anupshahr was the scene of

incidents against British rule. One message of revolution was carried

from Aligarh toBulandshahr by Pandit Narayan Sharma on 10 May 1857.

The Gujjars of Dadri and Sikandrabad destroyed inspection bungalows, telegraph offices

and government buildings as they were symbols of foreign rule. Anupshahr is also known

“Choti Kashi”as it is situated at the river bank of Ganges.

2.1.2 Town at a Glance

Location

Anupshahr is a major town in distt. Bulandshahr UP. It is located 115 km away from Delhi,

95 km away from Noida, 75 km away from Greater Noida, 55 km away from Aligarh and 40

KM away from Bulandshahr.

Transport

There is no rail connectivity. To reach through rail one has to deboard at Dibai 22 km away

from the city.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargujar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anup_Rai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anup_Rai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligarh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulandshahr

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujjars

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadri

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandrabad

24

This city is full of cultural and historical heritage. It is located on the bank of Holy River

Ganga, thousands of people take holy bath in River Ganga through Anupshahr Ganga

Ghat.In historical background Great Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati visited this place in 18th

century to raise awareness against various social evils present in the society at that time.

This city also have strong educational

infrastructure that's why it is also

known as "choti kashi".Anupshahr

has leading schools like "LDAV,

JAYPEE VIDYA MANDIR” and State

renowned "Durga Prasad Baljit Singh

PG College" and newly opened

"JAYPEE UNIVERSITY".

Two state highways are providing

smooth connectivity to the city to other parts of UP. Bridge over Ganga provides a quick

connectivity to the area from northern parts like Bandaun, Moradabad etc.

2.1.3 Existing Sewerage Facilities in City

At present there is no separate sewerage

system in the town, the municipal

wastewater generated in the town is

discharged into the open drains which are

tapped near the bank of river Ganga and

further transported to the STP’s.

The drainage system of the town is also

very poor; the storm water is transported

through the common open drains along with

domestic waste water. The condition worsens in the rainy season and general problem of

overflow of drains is encountered. The waste water finds its way to low lying areas and

creates unhygienic sanitary conditions.

Figure 1 Tapped Nala

Figure 2 Overflow of Nala falling into the river

25

2.1.4 Works Completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase - II (GAP-II)

3 towns namely Bijnore, Anupshahar and Chunar have been taken up under the GAP (Phase-

II) on the direction of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India. A total of 21 mldwaste water

discharging in the river Ganga is proposed to be intercepted, diverted and treated in these

towns. For this purpose 3 nos. STPs are proposed to be constructed.

A total of 17 schemes proposed for these towns, 10 schemes costing Rs. 12.74 crores have

been approved by Govt. of India, out of which works of 4 schemes have been completed

and an expenditure of Rs. 4.53 Crore has been incurred up to the end of December 2005.

A detail of Work done under GAP-II in Anupshahar is enclosed as Annexure1.

26

The existing location of STPs is marked in the plan shown below.

STP A-Capacity 0.805 MLD

STP B-Capacity 1.75 MLD

Figure 3Existing STPs location

28

2.2 Necessity of this project

Anupshahar town doesn’t have a sewerage network system. However, under Ganga Action

Plan-I, Nala tapping was done by intercepting the flow and diverting it into two nos. of

sewerage treatment Plants of 1.75 MLD and 0.805 MLD capacity respectively.

A proposal was issued by the Nagar Parishad on dated 02-01-2013 regarding sewerage

scheme of the town, which specifies that sewerage network has to be laid on the internal

roads has to be provided for the interconnections between the manholes used for tapping

nalas at the river bank so to avoid the overflow of waste water.

At present only the flow of Nalas is tapped and diverted to STP and treated water is

discharged into the River Ganga. However in the rainy seasons and the peak flow period

(Mela period) these 250mm sewer lines are collapsed and the overflow of the waste water

creates the unhygienic conditions for the people residing in the area.

Due to rapid urbanization and for better hygienic and sanitary conditions to improve living

standards sewerage networks along with related facilities are strongly required.

Also Anupshahr is the priority town as it lies on the bank of River Ganga and this river is the

sacred river for the Hindus. Pilgrims from many parts of the country in large quantity used

to visit this place for tasking holy dip in River Ganga, stay in the town and uses the facilities

of this town.

Figure 4STP-I, Zone-A, 0.805 MLD Figure 5STP-II, Zone-B, 1.75MLD

29

Therefore, there is a need of properly designing/constructing the sewer network and

appurtenant works in accordance with the current scenario.

2.3 Proposed City Sewerage Plan

The town is divided into two zones as zone-A and zone-B. The zoning is done in accordance

with the topography of the area. It is proposed that the wastewater generated from zone-A

will be directed towards the STP situated in zone-A with the existing capacity of 0.805 MLD

and similarly, the wastewater generated from zone-B will be directed towards STP in zone-B

with the existing capacity of 1.75 MLD.

The town possesses a tent shape profile as per the ground profile which helps the flow of

wastewater easily discharging into respective STPs in each zone.

The STP condition is fine as the year of construction of the STPs is 2005, the combined

capacity of the two existing STP’s equals to 2.55 MLD. This treatment capacity holds short

for the current discharge quantity and ultimately for the future discharge also. However no

extra land will be required for the construction of STP.On the basis of the discussion with

the Nagar Palika officers and staff, it was concluded that due to insufficient capacity of

existing treatment plants and pumping plants, there is a need of increasing the STPs

capacity.

However, the technology adopted for the treatment of waste water is MBBR Technology as

current i.e. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor, but only the numbers of tanks are increased to

accommodate all the additional waste water which was flowing into the River Ganga directly

without any treatment from the STPs.

2.3.1 Forecasted wastewater generation scenario

The data considered for determination of sewer discharges over subsequent years is

mentioned below:

Per Capita Rate of Water Supply: 135 lpcd

Interception Factor: 0.8

30

The total quantity of waste water generated in different wards for future years is

summarized below:

Year 2013: 3.84 MLD

Year 2018:4.19 MLD

Year 2028:4.96MLD

Year 2033:5.39MLD

Year 2048:6.87MLD

Zone wise wastewater generation for projected years (i.e. 2018, 2028, 2033 and 2048) in

MLD

Zone-A:

Zone-A comprises of 12 wards of which some portion of 4 wards lies in Zone-B also. The

details of ward wise population for Zone-A for the year 2018, 2028, 2033 and 2048 is shown

in the tabular form:

Table 1 Zone-A, Wards & Population

Ward Nos. Area Name 2018 2028 2033 2048

3 Delhi Dwaar Anshik 1345 1578 1707 2140

10 Delhi Dwaar Anshik , Meera Anshik 2979 3523 3837 4939 12 Gadiyana Anshik , Mori gate Anshik 1705 2060 2263 2985 13 Jatiyana (Khatiyana), Meera anshik 1302 1530 1655 2076 14 Aahar Dwaar Anshik , Gadiyana

Anshik 1505 1797 1963 2535

16 Imli bazar , Ravtaan , Pusht Mandi, Gadiyana Anshik

1030 1218 1321 1664

18 Aahar Dwaar Anshik , Garhi 2008 2421 2659 3505 19 Parkotta , Aahar Dwaar Anshik 1186 1396 1512 1899

23A Bazar Kala , Bazar Delhi Dwaar , Purani Tehsil Anshik

781 947 1038 1348

24A Purani Tehsil 1659 2003 2200 2901 25A Kedar Shah 915 1083 1174 1480

20A Nagar Shaily , Manak Chowk Anshik 1253 1439 1540 1871 Total 17669 20995 22870 29342

Zone-B:

31

Zone-B comprises of 13 wards of which some portion of 4 wards lies in Zone-B also. The

details of ward wise population for Zone-A for the year 2018, 2028, 2033 and 2048 is shown

in the tabular form:

Table 2 Zone B-Wards & Population

Ward Nos.

Area Name 2018 2028 2033 2048

1 Delhi Dwar and Meera Anshik 1761 2010 2146 2594

2 Nehru Ganj and Delhi Dwaar Anshik 1086 1307 1430 1853

4 Delhi Dwaar 2297 2764 3035 3999

5 Nehru Ganj 3679 4408 4835 6367

6 Madaar Dwaar 2508 2972 3238 4171

7 Jama Masjid , Nehru Ganj Anshik 901 1091 1195 1551

8 Nehru Ganj Anshik 838 1028 1134 1499

9 Meera 1093 1265 1358 1660

11 Madaar Gate and Nehru Ganj anshik 830 1019 1124 1486

15 Maanak Chowk Anshik , Ganga Dwaar Anshik

1280 1443 1530 1807

17 Chhatta , Ganga Dwaar Anshik 882 1068 1171 1520

21 Pokhar , khidki , Ganga Dwaar Anshik 1682 1880 1986 2326

22 Pavitra Puri 1777 2028 2165 2616

20B Nagar Shaily , Manak Chowk Anshik 139 160 171 208

25B Kedar Shah 102 120 130 164

24B Purani Tehsil 184 223 244 322

23B Bazar Kala , Bazar Delhi Dwaar , Purani Tehsil anshik

87 105

115 150

Total 21126 24892 27008 34293

2.4 Proposed Sewerage Treatment Plant (MBBR Technology)

STPs are to be designed for ultimate design year capacity, but the phase wise operation will

be followed (i.e. first phase will be comprising of the construction of STP for first 10 years

capacity) year 2028. Further, on the same basis, phase wise construction and augmentation

in STP capacity will be taken up as and when needed.

The technology to be used in both the STPs will be MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor)

which is very different from the WSP at present in operation at site. However, this

technology is most feasible for the small towns as this is cost effective&the capacity can be

easily upgraded in available land.

32

Design Parameters for STP

Parameter Range/Value Unit

pH 7 – 8

BOD5 at 20oC 220 mg.L

-1

COD 400 mg.L-1

TSS 350 mg.L-1

Faecal Coliforms 106 – 10

9 MPN/100ml

The proposed augmented capacities of both the STPs worked out are presented below in

the tabular form:

Table 3 STP Capacities in Year 2028 & 2048

Proposed Capacity

of STP for year

2028,MLD

Proposed Capacity

of STP for year

2048,MLD

Shortfall in the

Capacity of STP for

year2028,MLD

STP-A 2.26 3.54 1.50

STP-B 2.68 3.37 1.00

Total 4.94 6.90 2.50

2.5 Disposal of Treated Effluent

After treatment of the sewage in the STPs, The treated waste water will be carried by the

RCC pipe of 300 mm dia. having length of 650 m for Zone-A and 300 mm dia. having length

of 450 m for Zone-B, it is being utilized for irrigation purposes. The gravity flow has been

proposed for the supply of treated water to be used in the irrigation facilities.

The outlet pipes will off shoot from various spots to irrigate the fields and for afforestation.

The land available around the STP area is adequate enough for 100% utilization of treated

33

effluent. Besides above it is also proposed to use the treated effluent in the area proposed

for afforestation in the STP site and nearby. In the rainy season the treated effluent may

have to be discharged in to the river Ganga.

The total area to be irrigated in Zone A is 15 hectares approx. and in zone B it is 12 hectares

approx. The plan of utilizing the treated waste water for next 10 years is presented in Table

4 below.

However, the total length of network laid for the irrigation supply in Zone-A is 200m and for

Zone-B is 200m.

As per the public consultation conclusions with the people, it was observed that people will

use the treated effluent for irrigating their fields.

Govt. of India has made it desirable that at least 20 % of treated wastewater should be

raised in any form. In this case, in the absence of industries in the nearby vicinity, it is

proposed to utilize waste water for the horticulture purposes, gardening or other possible

uses to the maximum extent, if any.

It is proposed to utilize all treated wastewater for agriculture in all seasons except monsoon,

for meeting the requirement of agriculture, necessary channels and pumping, if required

shall be proposed in DPR.

The treated wastewater is very rich in terms of nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus.

Therefore, it shall be proposed to utilize it as a resource for agriculture.

35

2023

2028

Year

12

34

56

78

910

2.09

2.27

%10

1525

3050

6075

8090

100

1.67

1.81

Avail

able

Trea

ted W

ater

in M

LD0.1

670.2

510.4

180.5

010.8

351.0

881.3

601.4

511.6

321.8

14

Avail

able

Trea

ted W

ater

in Lt

s16

7080

2506

2041

7700

5012

4083

5400

1088

160

1360

200

1450

880

1632

240

1813

600

Area

to be

irrig

ated

, Sqm

1500

022

500

3750

045

000

7500

090

000

1125

0012

0000

1350

0015

0000

Wat

er Re

quire

d for

this

area

, Lts

7500

011

2500

1875

0022

5000

3750

0045

0000

5625

0060

0000

6750

0075

0000

Unit

Cost

INR

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.52.5

2.52.5

2.5

Dive

rted t

o Rive

r Gan

ga, L

ts92

080

1381

2023

0200

2762

4046

0400

6381

6079

7700

8508

8095

7240

1063

600

Reve

nue f

ro Sa

le of

Wat

er, IN

R/Da

y16

8750

2531

2542

1875

5062

5084

3750

1125

000

1406

250

1500

000

1687

500

1875

000

2.48

2.69

%10

1525

3050

6075

8090

100

1.99

2.15

Avail

able

Trea

ted W

ater

in M

LD0.1

990.2

980.4

970.5

960.9

941.2

901.6

131.7

211.9

362.1

51

Avail

able

Trea

ted W

ater

in Lt

s19

8720

2980

8049

6800

5961

6099

3600

1290

384

1612

980

1720

512

1935

576

2150

640

Area

to be

irrig

ated

, Sqm

1200

018

000

3000

036

000

6000

072

000

9000

096

000

1080

0012

0000

Wat

er Re

quire

d for

this

area

, Lts

6000

090

000

1500

0018

0000

3000

0036

0000

4500

0048

0000

5400

0060

0000

Unit

Cost

INR

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.52.5

2.52.5

2.5

Dive

rted t

o Rive

r Gan

ga, L

ts13

8720

2080

8034

6800

4161

6069

3600

9303

8411

6298

012

4051

213

9557

615

5064

0

Reve

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ro Sa

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Wat

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R/Da

y13

5000

2025

0033

7500

4050

0067

5000

9000

0011

2500

012

0000

013

5000

015

0000

0

2023

2028

Zone

-B

Zone

-A

Construction

Methodolo

gy

of

Figure 6 Plan of treated waste water used for irrigation purposes

Table 4 Plan for 5 & 10 Years of treated water usage

36

STP

1. Loss of land use options

The construction of a wastewater treatment plant will involve building large embankment

structures on what is a green field site. This will result in a loss of the options for alternative

land use and thus represents an irreversible commitment of land resources.

Although the loss of optional uses for the land in the future is considered to be a negative

impact, in this case the land is marginal in terms of alternative agricultural or residential use

and the impact is not considered significant.

2. Earth material sourcing

Earth materials needed for construction (e.g. marl, sand) are normally obtained from quarry

and mining operations. Conscious or unwitting purchase of these materials from unlicensed

operations indirectly supports, encourages and promotes environmental degradation at the

illegal quarry sites and causes medium to long-term negative impacts at source.

Mitigation:

Earth materials must be obtained from officially licensed and approved quarries and copies

of the relevant licenses made available for inspection at the site by the Contractor.

3. Materials transportation

The various materials required for pond and building construction (e.g. steel, blocks,

lumber, marl, etc.) will be obtained from sources elsewhere and transported to the site.

Transportation of these materials, typically in over-laden and sometimes uncovered trucks,

usually results in undue road wear-and-tear. In the case of fine earth materials, dusting and

spillages occur on major roadways between source and site. Dusting degrades local air

quality and material spillages worsen driving conditions and increase the risk of road

accidents. These occurrences represent indirect, short-term, reversible, negative impacts on

public health and safety.

37

Mitigation:

All fine earth materials must be enclosed during transportation to the site to prevent

spillage and dusting. Trucks used for that purpose should be fitted with tailgates that close

properly and with tarpaulins to cover the materials. The cleanup of spilled earth and

construction material on the main roads should be the responsibility of the Contractor and

should be done in a timely manner (say within 2 hours) so as not to inconvenience or

endanger other road users. These requirements should be included as clauses within the

contracts made with relevant sub-contractors.

The transportation of lubricants and fuel to the construction site should only be done in the

appropriate vehicles and containers, i.e. fuel tankers and sealed drums. As far as possible,

transport of construction materials should be scheduled for off-peak traffic hours. This will

reduce the risk of traffic congestion and of road accidents on the access roads to the site.

4. Materials storage

The improper siting of stockpiles and storage of sand, gravel, cement, etc., at the

construction site could lead to fine materials being washed away, during heavy rainfall

events. This would not only represent a waste of materials but would also contribute to

turbidity and sedimentation with consequent negative impacts on water quality.

Refueling and maintenance of large vehicles and earth moving equipment will take place at

the construction site and therefore fuel and lubricants will have to be stored on the site.

This will create the opportunity for accidental spills of hydrocarbons and contaminants

could be washed into the river.

Mitigation:

The stockpiling of construction materials should be properly managed and controlled. Fine-

grained materials (sand, marl, etc.) should be stockpiled away from surface drainage

channels and features.

Low berms should be placed around the piles and/or tarpaulin used to cover open piles of

stored materials to prevent them from being washed away during rainfall. Safe storage

38

areas should be identified and retaining structures put in place prior to the arrival and

placement of material. Hazardous chemicals (e.g. fuels) should be properly stored in

appropriate containers and these should be safely locked away. Conspicuous warning signs

(e.g. ‘No Smoking’) should also be posted around hazardous waste storage and handling

facilities.

5. Modification of surface drainage

Mitigation:

The appropriate design of storm water drainage system

6. Construction waste disposal

Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work would include cut

vegetation and typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden scaffolding

and forms, bags, waste earth materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site

and surrounding environment if not properly managed and disposed of at an approved

dumpsite. Cleared vegetation burnt onsite would generate smoke, possibly impacting

negatively on ambient air quality and human health. Vegetation and solid waste, if allowed

to accumulate in drainage ways, could cause localized pooling and flooding. Pooling of

water, in turn, would create conditions conducive to the breeding ofnuisance and health-

threatening pests such as mosquitoes. Poor construction waste management constitutes a

short-term negative impact.

Mitigation:

A site waste management plan should be prepared by the contractor prior to

commencement of construction works. This should include designation of appropriate

waste storage areas, collection and removal schedule, identification of approved disposal

site*, and a system for supervision and monitoring. Preparation and implementation of the

plan must be made the responsibility of the building contractor with the system being

monitored independently.

39

Vegetation and combustible waste must not be burned on the site. Reusable inorganic

waste (e.g. excavated sand) should be stockpiled away from drainage features and used for

in filling where necessary. Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork

and other construction material, must be disposed of at a dumpsite.

7. Sewage and litter management

Inadequate provision of toilets for use by workers can lead to ad hoc defecation in secluded

areas on the site, thus creating unsanitary conditions and sources of fly infestation.

Improper disposal of food cartons and other domestic forms of construction camp garbage

could lead to littering of the site and pollution of adjacent water body.

Mitigation:

Proper solid waste receptacles and storage containers should be provided, particularly for

the disposal of lunch and drink boxes so as to prevent littering of the site.

Arrangements should be made for the regular collection of litter and for its disposal.

8. Replanting and landscaping

Landscaping and replanting of trees will be needed to recreate some semblance of the

original appearance and condition of the site and to provide some aesthetic quality. No

details of landscaping plans or planting material are available at this stage but the plant

species selected for replanting will in large part determine which types of birds, butterflies,

and other fauna, if any, inhabit the area surrounding the ponds after their construction. In

addition to enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the project site, landscaping provides the

means for partially restoring the site's natural elements and ecological habitats. It is

therefore a significant mitigation activity with a positive impact.

The landscaping plan should seek to avoid the use of non-native and potentially invasive

species. It should include low-maintenance local species and the types of trees and shrubs

used for feeding by local bird species. The landscape design should seek to encourage bird

life, especially for the endemics, and maximize shade.

40

9. Employment/Income generation

Several categories will be required during the construction phase. This will include skilled

and unskilled labourers, engineers, and a small number of other professionals. These levels

of short-term employment would have a positive impact on the local economy and on

regional unemployment.

2.5.1.1 Land Requirement in Zone A and Zone B

The land required for the expansion in the capacity of both the existing STPs will be the only

requirement but it will be limiting to the existing campus of the STPs. No additional

requirement of land will be needed other than the existing campuses of STPs and MPS in

zone A and zone B. The new SPSs in zone A will be requiring same portion of land area but

this will be acquired from the existing MPS campus.

Considering the land requirement of 0.3 Ha/mld for the STP, the land requirement is

calculated. The following land requirement is to be fulfilled to accommodate all the

components of the project for the ultimate year 2048 is presented below:

S.no. Particulars Land available Nature of land Status

1 STP zone A 1.00 ha fields Available with

EA

2 STP zone B 0.40 ha barren Available with

EA

3 MPS- A 0.05 ha barren Available with

EA

4 MPS-B 0.05 ha barren Available with

EA

The land available with the local authorities in Anupshahr town for the STP purposes is

confined to the boundaries of the existing STPs; no additional land will be provided other

than the land available in the STP campus.

41

The ULB has cleared this with the issue of letter in this regard and the same is attached as

the Annexure 15 to this report.

No land has to be purchased for the construction of new SPS of larger capacity in zone-A &B;

this will be located very close to the existing SPS.

2.5.1.2 Land Acquisition

The land required for STPs and MPSs is already in possession of EA, there for acquisition of

land is not required to be done. There is no encroachment in the available land for

construction of STPs and MPSs at Anupshahar.

2.5.1.3 Ramsar Site

Upper Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora Stretch). Uttar Pradesh; 26,590 ha; 28°33'N 078°12'E.

A shallow river stretch of the great Ganges with intermittent small stretches of deep-water

pools and reservoirs upstream from barrages. The river provides habitat for IUCN Red listed

Ganges River Dolphin, Gharial, Crocodile, 6 species of turtles, otters, 82 species of fish and

more than hundred species of birds. Major plant species, some of which have high medicinal

values, include Dalbergia sissoo, Saraca indica, Eucalyptus globulus, Ficus bengalensis,

Dendrocalamus strictus, Tectona grandis, Azadirachta indica and aquatic Eichhorina. This

river stretch has high Hindu religious importance for thousands of pilgrims and is used for

cremation and holy baths for spiritual purification. Major threats are sewage discharge,

agricultural runoff, and intensive fishing. Conservation activities carried out are plantation

to prevent bank erosion, training on organic farming, and lobbying to ban commercial

fishing. Ramsar site no. 1574. Most recent RIS information: 2005.

Ganga stretch at Brijghat to Narora is Ramsar site, the divisional director, deptt. Of forest

vide his letter no.439/14 dated Bulandshahr,july 26,2014 intimated that area in above said

stretch 1500 m on both banks of river Ganga is Ramsar site. But, at present, management

plan is under preparation by department of forest.

42

2.5.1.4 Sewerage Network

The sewage network is designed to be laid down in the town considering the peak

factor of 2.5; the total estimated length of sewage network is likely to be 60

kms(approx.). The length of pipes posing different diameters is presented in the

tabular form.

Table 5 Length of Sewerage Network for subsequent dia.

Diameter(mm) Length (in Meter)

Zone A Zone B

150 11604 8603

200 15841 17000

250 799 1216

300 417 723

350 203 -

400 661 -

450 327 427

500 263 -

600 262 530

Total Length 30377(30.38 kms) 28499(28.49 kms)

43

The largest pipe dia. used in the design consideration is 600 mm and the minimum pipe dia.

is 150 mm. The network drawing of sewerage scheme along with the discharge calculations

and the design sheets are attached herewith:

2.5.2 Manhole

The channels in manholes at junctions and bends shall be smooth with gradual transitions to

avoid turbulence and deposition of solids. Manholes are usually constructed directly over

the line of the sewer. They are circular, rectangular or square in shape. Manholes should be

of such size that will allow necessary cleaning and inspection. The circular manholes have

been proposed on all sewer lines. Poly elastomeric M S flats footrest has been provided for

entry into manholes.

Manhole Description Manhole Size Type of Manhole

For depth below 0.9 m and for outgoing pipe

dia. up to 300 mm

900 X 800mm R-Type Manhole

For depth up to 1.65 m and for outgoing pipe

dia. up to 500 mm

900 mm dia. A-Type Manhole


dia. up to 600 mm

1200 mm dia. B-Type Manhole


dia. up to 900 mm

1500 mm dia. C-Type Manhole

For outgoing pipe dia. of 1000 mm to 1400

mm

1800 mm dia. D-Type Manhole

For outgoing pipe dia. of 1600 mm to 1800

mm

2400 mm dia. E-Type Manhole

Scarper Manhole (outgoing pipe dia. of 450

mm to 900 mm)

1500 X1500 mm G-Type Manhole


mm to 1400 mm)

1800 X1500 mm H-Type Manhole


mm to 1800 mm)

2400 X1800 mm I-Type Manhole

44

2.5.3 House Connection Chamber

House connection: Laterals are proposed along the roads to connect sewage from individual

houses and it is connected to branch sewers. House connections for whole project are

proposed to be executed by or before 2018 end in phase wise manner

2.5.4 Construction Methodology

Construction of Sewers and its appurtenance work, Sewage Pumping Stations and sewage

treatment plant shall be carried out using mechanical tools and equipment’s to achieve

maximum output. Use of prefabricated materials is encouraged to improve the quality of

works, simultaneously improving efficiency of construction schedule.

Pipe preparation and handling

All pipe and fittings shall be inspected prior to lowering into trench to insure no cracked,

broken, or otherwise defective materials are being used. The Contractor shall clean ends of

pipe thoroughly and remove foreign matter and dirt from inside of pipe and keep clean

during and after laying. Proper implements, tools, and facilities shall be used for the safe

and proper protection of the WORK. Pipe shall be lowered into the trench in such a manner

as to avoid any physical damage to the pipe. Pipe shall not be dropped or dumped into

trenches under any circumstances

Sewer pipe laying

Laying of sewer pipe shall be accomplished to line and grade in the trench only after it has

been dewatered and the trench has been prepared in accordance with specifications

outlined in DPR. Mud, silt, gravel and other foreign material shall be kept out of the pipe

and off the jointing surface. All pipe laid shall be retained in position so as to maintain

alignment and joint closure until sufficient backfill has been completed to adequately hold

the pipe in place. All pipes shall be laid to conform to the line and grade shown on the plans.

Variance from established line and grade, at any point along the length of the pipe, shall not

be greater than one-thirty second of an inch per inch of pipe diameter and not to exceed

one-half (½) inch, provided that any such variation does not result in a level or reverse

sloping invert.

45

Trench preparation and pipe bedding

Trench excavation, dewatering, bedding

Material, backfill, compaction, fill and grading

Placement of pipe bedding material

Plugs and connections

Plugs for pipe branches, stubs or other open ends which are not to be immediately

connected shall be made of an approved material and shall be secured in place with a joint

comparable to the main line joint.

2.5.5 Muck and Debris Management

Instead of disposing top soil to low lying areas:

Top soil may be used for agricultural purpose or development of city parks.

Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and landscaping;

Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas after placing the

trunk sewer lines.

2.5.6 U.P.PCB CONSENT

Application for consent to establish the STP has already online submitted to the competent

authority U.P.Pollution control board, Lucknow on prescribed form with fee and all required

annexures vide letter no. 882/W-4/43 and 883 /W-4/44 dated October 29th and, 2014. The

follow-up joint inspection with UPPCB officials has also concluded. Annexure attached as

Annexure 12& 13.

2.5.7 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

It is anticipated that entire work will be completed within 42 months from the date

of approval and allotment of funds.

2.5.8 Financial Cost Summary The financial cost summary as per the final DPR is presented below:

46

Table 7 Form J for the Sewerage Scheme

FORM-'J'

c Description Percentage

Charges

Total Cost

of Works

GOI Share 70%

GOUP Share 30%

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Base cost of work 6587.988 4611.592 1976.396

2 Centage charges:

2.1 Project Preparation Charges 4 263.520 184.464 79.056

2.2 Project Supervision Charges 4 263.520 184.464 79.056

A Sub Total (1+2) 7115.027 4980.519 2134.508

3 Items on which no centage is admissible:

3.1 ESAMP 70.490 49.343 21.147

3.2 Communication and Public Outreach 20.000 14.000 6.000

3.3 GAAP 10.000 7.000 3.000

3.4 Power Connection 23.020 16.114 6.906

3.5 Operation and Maintenance cost for 5 years 340.000 238.000 102.000

B Sub Total (3) 463.510 324.457 139.053

C Project Cost (A+B) 7578.537 5304.976 2273.561

4 Component of works to be borne by GOUP

4.1 T&P for Operation and Maintenance 31.000 31.000

4.2 Cost of land 170.00 170.00

4.3 Contingencies on Rs. 6618.99 lac 2 132.380 132.380

4.4 Labour Cess on Rs 6618.99 lac 1 66.190 66.190

4.5 Centage @ (12.5-8) on Rs 6618.99 lac 4.5 297.855 297.855

D Sub Total (4) 697.424 697.424

Total cost of works (C+D) 8275.961 5304.976 2970.985

Say Rs. 8275.96 Lac

3 Approach and Methodology

As per Environmental and Social Management Frame work (NGRBA, 2011), the river

pollution mitigation projects under the NGRBP is anticipated to encounter a variety of

environmental and social problems. Hence, an environmental and social assessment with

corresponding management plans for the proposed project of sewerage works in Anupshahr

has been conducted using the following methodology:

Figure 7 Flowchart describing the steps adopted for Project Impact Assessment

A. Baseline monitoring of environmental component

In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment, various

environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality,

noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment have been

studied/monitored.

48

B. Secondary Data analysis (Identify Information/Data Requirements and their

Sources): All the available information and data (quantitative, qualitative) regarding

the proposed project was collected mainly from the Detailed Project Report (DPR),

consultation with stake-holders. Through this secondary information a brief

description and analysis of the sub-project activities along with baseline

environmental profile of the project influence was established. Based on initial

understanding, the list of required information was drafted before conducting the

field survey.

C. Defining the project area and carrying out scoping in the field: Team undertook the

field survey and transect walk of the town to develop the understanding of the

proposed project. Field visits helped to understand the local knowledge and were

valuable in finding alternatives that help avoid or at least reduce the magnitude and

severity of adverse impacts.

D. Survey of the host population: With the help of questionnaires, local people were

interviewed in groups. A wide range of potentially affected people were interviewed

in town including street vendors, residents of households, residents of temporary

settlements, shop keepers, hospital patients, hospital staff, etc. Both men and

women were interviewed from different sections of the society. Team undertook

three field visits to carry out the survey and understand the ground situation. The

interviewees were asked about their awareness of the project, their response to it

and the project is affecting them (during construction phase) and how it will affect

them (after completion phase). Also they were asked about the mitigation plans they

have adopted or are planning to adopt, suggestions for improvement and any public

grievances. Surveys were conducted along the path of construction site. Minutes of

meeting of stake holder consultation is enclosed with ESAMP report.

E. Discussion with the key stakeholders: Most of the important key stakeholders were

interacted during informal and formal discussions with them. All the associated

government departments were visited to collect the relevant data and their

feedback on the project activities.

F. Conduct Screening: Screening is undertaken in the very beginning stages of project

development. The purpose of screening is to screen out "no significant impacts"

49

from those with significant impacts and get a broad picture of the nature, scale and

magnitude of the issues. Team conducted screening process using the screening

checklist format provided in ESMF report of NGRBA, which is described in

subsequent section.

G. Identify and assess the impacts : Based on the analysis of the data gathered from

field survey, stakeholder interaction/ consultation and secondary sources, issues

related to the environmental and social sectors were been identified. The impacts so

identified were compared with the existing baseline environmental and social

condition of the study region. The impacts of the activities are mostly positive with

few adverse impacts.

H. Develop a mitigation plan: Based on the environmental and social issues identified,

and recommend any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or

compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. The

mitigation plans is suggested in all three stages: designing phase, construction phase

and, operation and maintenance phase.

3.1 Screening Activity for Project Impact Assessment

Screening activity is undertaken in the very beginning stages of project development. The

purpose of screening is to screen out "no significant impacts" from those with significant

impacts and get a broad picture of the nature, scale and magnitude of the issues. Based on

the secondary data analysis, field assessments and stakeholder interaction/ consultation,

the screening activity was conducted as per the guidelines provided in Environmental and

Social Management Framework of NGRBA (NGRBA, 2011) as given in the Table below:-

Table 6Screening Activity

Environment and Social information for screening

Project Title: Sewerage Scheme of Anupshahr town Implementing agency: U.P. Jal Nigam Project cost: 82.75 Crores Project components:

a). Sewer System (60 km long) b). Main Pumping Station (2 Nos.) c). Sewerage treatment plant(2 STPs)

Project location (Area/ district): Anupshahr Town Distt. Bulandshar, Uttar Pradesh

Screening Criteria

Assessment of category

(High/low) Explanatory note for categorization Evidence and references

1. Is the project in an eco-sensitive area or adjoining an eco-sensitive area? (Yes/No) If Yes, Which is the area? Elaborate impact accordingly.

Yes

There is no eco-sensitive zone in and around Anupshahr protected under wildlife protection act 1972. However the Ganga river stretch between Brijghat to Narora Barrage falls under RAMSAR site. Anupshahr is situated on the bank of river Ganga within this stretch. The proposed sewerage project ensures 50% reuse of treated sewage and over a period of time targeted to reuse of 100% of treated sewage.

2. Will the project create significant/limited/no social impacts?

Land acquisition resulting in loss of No impact Sewer line would be laid on the public Refer Section 2.4

51

Screening Criteria



income from agricultural land, plantation or other existing land-use.

roads. So there is no loss of income from agricultural land.

For the construction of MPS in both the zones land is available with nagar Palika

STP in Zone A and Zone B will be constructed in the old campus.

Loss of livelihood No

Loss of livelihood would not take place since mobile vendors can shift their position and only minor/temporary disruption in terms of access to shops would occur

Consultation with stakeholders)

Land acquisition resulting in Relocation of households.

No social impacts

Land acquisition is not required. Relocation of households is not required.

Google image showing the location of STP components is enclosed as DPR

Any reduction of access to traditional and river dependent communities (to river and areas where they earn for their primary or substantial livelihood).

No social impacts

No access problem to river Field visits and consultations with the shop keepers, expert opinions

Any displacement or adverse impact on tribal Settlement.

No social impacts

There are no tribal settlements in the project area.

Field visits and consultations with the shop keepers.

Will the project create significant / limited / no environmental impacts during the construction stage? (Significant / limited / no impacts)

Clearance of vegetation/ tree cover

No environmental impacts

Sewer line will be laid on existing public roads therefore no cutting of trees will be done.

Topographical map showing roads and other features is enclosed as Annexure 11

52

Screening Criteria



Direct discharge of construction runoff, improper storage and disposal of excavation spoils, wastes and other construction materials adversely affecting water quality and flow regimes.

Limited

Possibility of temporary flushing away of unmanaged spoils and construction wastes during rainfall to river Ganga via storm water drains. If not appropriately managed, there may be potential for temporarily affecting storm water flows by obstruction to flows and blockage of drains, especially during rainfall.

Interaction with UP Jal Nigam and other Government officials and consultation with local residents of town

Flooding of adjacent areas no

As per departmental orders excavation of

trenches for laying of sewers in not taken up

during rains. However, in case of urgency if

sewer is needed to be laid during monsoons,

stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms. As

such there should be no flooding of adjacent

areas.

U.P. Jal Nigam circular dated

17/6/2013.

Improper storage and handling of substances leading to contamination of soil and water

no

The storage of construction related material

will not cause any contamination since these

materials would typically include: Concrete,

pipes, masonry, HDPE pipes.

Image showing a typical sewage construction area is enclosed as Annexure 6

Elevated noise and dust emission Limited

For sewage works, construction is likely to increase dust and noise levels temporarily. Provided that construction works near schools and colleges are carried out during vacations and works near hospitals are completed on priority basis

Consultation with local residents, and interaction with nagar palika and other Government officials

53

Screening Criteria



(inshorter time period with alternate provision of traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.), the impacts may be limited

Disruption to traffic movements Limited

Sewer construction leads to the temporary tearing up of roads and increase in large construction vehicles, which might impair traffic movement, especially in the narrower roads

Damage to existing infrastructure, public utilities, amenities etc.

Limited

If not appropriately Managed, there may be potential for temporarily affecting the existing public utilities like water supply, telephone, electricity cables etc. Records and layout plans of existing underground utilities and cable networks (like telephone, electricity water etc.) were unavailable.

Interaction with nagar palika and other Government officials

Failure to restore temporary construction sites

Limited

Although temporary, concerns regarding failure to restore construction sites including failure to close and appropriately fence off open pits were cited as safety concerns especially for children.

Field visits and interaction with Nagar Palika and other Government officials and consultation with local residents.

Possible conflicts with and/or disruption Limited For the laying of sewer works, there will Consultation with local

54

Screening Criteria



to local community be temporary disruption to the local community in terms of access to roads (narrow roads), shops and residences. Conflicts/disruption to local community was inferred as limited based on survey responses which indicated the community’s ability to adapt to temporary disruptions, and their overall preference for the project.

people.

Health risks due to unhygienic conditions at workers camps

Limited

However there might be small camps within which, if hygienic conditions are not maintained, there may be temporary impacts

Safety hazards during construction Limited

For safety precautions such as fencing-off construction areas, sign posts etc. were observed. If not appropriately managed, there may be potential for temporary hazards such as injuries and damage to property during the construction phase.

Consultation with local residents of town and interaction with Nagar palika and other Government officials

Will the project create significant / limited / no environmental impacts during the operational stage? (Significant / limited / no impacts)

Flooding of adjacent areas Limited

Due to the construction of sewer lines, raw sewage that currently flows into the

55

Screening Criteria



river and/or overflows into the streets will now be routed to the STP. This will prevent flooding of adjacent areas. However, accidental leakages during the operational stage will lead to flooding. Additionally, overloading and blockage of sewage lines will also lead to backlogging of sewers and flooding of branch sewers.

Impacts to water quality due to effluent discharge

No impacts There will be a significant improvement in water quality due to effluent discharge being treated.

Sewage flow quality values before and after existing STP

Gas emissions No impacts

There will be reduction in gas emissions from open sewage drains since the proposed sewage networks will be underground.

Safety hazards No impacts

There will be minimum safety hazards since the pipes will be underground.

Do projects of this nature / type require prior environmental clearance either from the MOEF or from a relevant state Government department? (MOEF/ relevant State Government department/ No clearance at all)

No clearance at all

Project such as these have an overall positive impact for the environment and society. Hence no clearance would be required under the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006.

Does the project involve any prior No As the project is in urban provinces and

56

Screening Criteria



clearance from the MOEF or State Forest department for either the conversion of forest land or for tree- cutting? (Yes/ No).If yes, which?

does not cover any forested area (Protected nor reserved forest area), hence no prior clearance is required from relevant authorities (MoEF and State Forest departments) under the Forest (Conservation) Act,1980.

3.2 Conclusion of Screening Activity

In order to facilitate effective management and mitigation of the any impacts arising from

the proposed projects, the Environmental and Social Management Framework of NRGBA

(Section # 4 of ESMF report, NGRBA 2011) has grouped the pollution abatement projects/

investments into the following two categories high and low

• High: Mainly include the sub-projects which are likely to have adverse impact on the

environmental and social aspects of the project influence area (including land acquisition).

This category projects will also include mandatory environmental clearance as per the EIA

notification.

• Low: Projects which are likely to cause minimal or no adverse environmental impacts

on human populations.

Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the

NGRBP, the present project of Sewerage work in Anupshahr town falls under High impact

category being located in Ramser Area, which however does not have any private land

acquisition. In view of the above, these projects would require preparation of an

Environmental and Social Assessment, as part of the DPR, and implementation of Generic

Safeguard Management Plan (SMP), relevant to the project.

Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental impacts,

but will have temporary impacts like traffic blockages, dust, noise, safety hazards for

pedestrians, possible damage to private property, possible interruption in commercial

activity, and accidental breakage of other public infrastructure such as water pipes. These

temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans. However, the large

environmental benefit of the project greatly outweighs the temporary inconveniences.

58

4 Regulations and Legal Framework

4.1 Applicable Laws and Regulations – Environmental

The following laws and regulations are applicable to the environmental and social aspects of

the investments implemented under the programme:

• Policy and Regulatory Framework of Government of India (GoI)

• Environmental Policy and Regulations of the respective State Governments

• Legislations applicable to construction activities

4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India

The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations

pertaining to environment. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is umbrella legislation for

the protection of environment. As per this Act, the responsibility to administer the legislation

has been jointly entrusted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and the

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/ State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs).

It is worthwhile to mention here that as a matter of prevalent practice once the project is

approved by the G.O.I no further consent of SPCB is obtained for establishing the STP.

However, SPCB regularly monitors the effluent parameters during O &M stage to ensure that

the discharged effluent is as per prescribed standards. However, as desired by NMCG, action

to obtain NOC from SPCB for establishing STP has been initiated. The regional officer UP

Pollution Control Board Shivpuri Bulandshahar has forwarded the case of issuing NOC by UP

Pollution Control Board to the Chief Environmental Officer UPPCB Lucknow after the UP Jal

Nigam submitted the required NOC fees & the desired application to UPPCB Bulandshahar

59

4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations

The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the projects under the NGRBP are

given in Table below. The key environmental regulations can also be accessed at

www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations.

Table 7 Key Environmental Laws & Regulations

S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable

Yes/ No Reason for

Applicability Authority

1. Environment Protection Act-1986

To protect and Improve overall environment.

Yes As all environmental notifications, rules and schedules are issued under this act.

MoEF, Gol, DoE, State Gov. CPCB, SPCB

2. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 14th Sep-2006

To provide environmental clearance to new development activities following environmental impact assessment

No This notification is applicable only for Solid waste Treatment facility investments

MoEF, EIAA

3. Municipal Wastes(Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

To manage the collection, transportation, segregation, treatment, and disposal of municipal solid wastes

Yes This notification is applicable only for Municipal Solid waste Treatment facility investments

MoEF, EIAA, CPCB, SPCBs

4. The Land Acquisition Act 1894 (As amended in 1985)

Set out rule for acquisition. of land by government

Yes This act will be applicable to as there will be acquisition of land for investments

Revenue Department State Government

5. The Forest (Conservation) Act. 1980

To check deforestation by restricting conversion of forested areas into non forested areas

Yes Applicable if there is diversion of forest land for non-forest activities i.e. forest land if required for any of the investments.

Forest Department, State Government and Ministry of Environment and Forests,

http://www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations

60

S.No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable

Yes/ No Reason for

Applicability Authority

Government of India

6. Wild Life Protection Act 1972

To protect wildlife through certain of National Parks and Sanctuaries

No Not applicable since no such projected area is within 15km radius of project site

Chief Conservator Wildlife, Wildlife Wing, State Forest Department and Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India

7. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

To control air pollution by controlling emission of air pollutants as per the prescribed Standards.

Yes This act will be applicable during construction.

SPCBs

8. Water Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act1974

To control water pollution by controlling discharge of pollutants as per the prescribed standards.

Yes This act will be applicable during construction. This act will be further applicable for obtaining consent to establish and consent to operate of the proposed modification of STPs.

SPCBs

9. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

The standards for noise for day and night have been promulgated by the MoEF for various land uses.

Yes This act will be applicable for all construction equipment deployed at worksite.

SPCBs

10. Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988

To check vehicular air and noise pollution.

Yes This rule will be applicable to vehicles deployed for construction activities and construction Machinery.

Motor Vehicle Department

61

4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social

All strategic interventions on human development, spread across all social issues, need

directives of policies and legal support to operationalize the appropriate actions. These

policies and legislations help to overcome the constraints and support administrator,

implementer, community and individual in delivery of justice. This section includes the

National policies and Acts as detailed under:

National Policies and Acts

A. National Tribal Policy, 2006

B. National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007

C. Land (Acquisition) Act 1894 (as amended)

D. Forest Rights Act, 2006

E. The right to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition,

rehabilitation and resettlement act, 2013

4.2.1 National Policies and Acts

The National Tribal Policy (2006)

The Policy has the following objectives:

Regulatory Protection

Providing an environment conducive to the preservation of traditional and customary

systems and regime of rights and concessions enjoyed by different ST communities,

and reconciliation of modes of socio-economic development with these.

Preventing alienation of land owned by STs and restoring possession of wrongfully

alienated lands.

62

Protection and vesting of rights of STs on forestlands and other forest rights including

ownership over minor forest produce (MFP), minerals and water bodies through

appropriate legislations and conversion of all forest villages into revenue villages.

Providing a legislative frame for rehabilitation and resettlement in order to minimize

displacement, ensure that affected persons are partners in the growth in the zone of

influence, provide for compensation of social and opportunity cost in addition to

market value of the land and rights over common property (NPV).

Empowerment of tribal communities to promote self-governance and self-rule as per

the provisions and spirit of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act,

1996.

Protection of political rights to ensure greater and active participation of tribal

peoples in political bodies at all levels.

However, This act is not applicable for this project.

4.2.2 The right to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition, rehabilitation

and resettlement act, 2013

An Act to ensure, in consultation with institutions of local self-government and Gram

Sabhas established under the Constitution, a humane, participative, informed and

transparent process for land acquisition for industrialization, development of

essential infrastructural facilities and urbanization with the least disturbance to the

owners of the land and other affected families and provide just and fair

compensation to the affected families whose land has been acquired or proposed to

be acquired or are affected by such acquisition and make adequate provisions for

such affected persons for their rehabilitation and resettlement and for ensuring that

the cumulative outcome of compulsory acquisition should be that affected persons

become partners in development leading to an improvement in their post-acquisition

social and economic status and for matters connected therewith or incidental

thereto.

63

Right to fair compensation and transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement

and Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (Not Applicable):

4.2.3 Forest Rights Act 2006

The Act basically does two things:

• Grants legal recognition to the rights of traditional forest dwelling communities,

partially correcting the injustice caused by the forest laws.

• Makes a beginning towards giving communities and the public a voice in forest and

wildlife conservation.

This act is not applicable for this project.

Comparative analysis of RFCTLAR&R, 2013 and World Bank OP 4.12.

Serial

No.

Topics/Issues/Are

as

World Bank OP4.12 RFCTLAR&R, 2013

1 Application of LA Direct economic and social

impacts that both result

from Bank-assisted

investment projects.

Applies to all components

of the project that result in

involuntary resettlement,

regardless of the source of

financing.

Section 2 Applicable to

projects where government

acquires land for its own

use, hold and control,

including PSU and for

public purpose; for PPP

where ownership of land

continues to vest with govt;

private companies where

80% of land owners1 have

given consent or 70% in

case of PPP.

Principle of

avoidance

Involuntary resettlement

should be avoided where

feasible, or minimized,

exploring all viable

alternative project design

Alternatives to be

considered as Act in chapter

II, point # 4 (d) says "extent

of land propsoed for

acquisition is the absolute

bare minimum needed for

the project; and (e ) says

1 Land Owner – whose land and immovable property acquired and land assigned by state or central govt under

any scheme (Section 3 c (i) and (v))

64

land acquisition at an

alternate palce has been

considered and found not

feasible.

Linkages with

other projects

No such provision

2. Application of

R&R

Same as above In addition to the above,

Section 2(3) land purchased

by private company as

prescribed by Govt. or

when part acquired by govt

3. Affected area Involuntary take of land

resulting in loss of shelter,

loss of assets or access to

assets, loss of income

sources or means of

livelihood

Section3(b): Area notified

for ‘acquisition’

4. Family

All adversely affected

people whether have formal

legal rights or do not have

formal legal rights on land

Section 3(m) includes

person, his and her spouse,

minor children, minor

brothers and sisters

dependent.

Widows, divorcees,

abandoned women will be

considered as separate

family.

5. Affected family for

eligibility

Section 3 (a): whose land

and other immovable

property acquired.

(b)&(e): Family residing in

affected area such as

labourers, tenants,

dependent on forest and

water bodies, etc whose

primary source of

65

livelihood is affected due to

acquisition

(c)Scheduled tribes and

other forest dwellers whose

rights recognized under the

Forest Dwellers Act 2006.

(f) Family assigned land by

state or central government

under any schemes

(g) Family residing on any

land in urban area that will

be acquired or primary

source of livelihood affected

by acquisition.

6. Cut-Off date Date established by the

borrower and acceptable to

the Bank. In practice it is the

date of census.

Section 3 c (ii), (iv) (vi):

Families residing for

preceding 3 yrs or more

prior to “acquisition of

land”.

7. Non-application of

Chapter II

Stand-alone SIA for all

investments

Section 6(2): Irrigation

projects where EIA is

required under other laws,

provisions of SIA not

applicable.

7. Consultation –

Phase I during

preparation

Consultation a continuous

process during planning

and implementation

Section 4(1) date issued for

first consultation with PRIs,

Urban local bodies,

Municipalities, etc to carry

out SIA.

Section 5: Public hearing of

SIA in affected area.

Provide adequate publicity

of date and time.

8. Time duration to

prepare SIA and

Draft Social Assessment,

Resettlement Action Plan

Section 4 (2): within six

months from the date of its

66

SIMP and or Social Management

Framework prepared before

appraisal.

commencement.

9. Disclosure – Stage

I

To be disclosed before

appraisal and 120 days

before board date.

Section 6(1): Translated in

local language available in

PRI institutions and local

urban government bodies;

district administrative

offices and websites of

concerned. government

agency.

10. Formation of

Expert Group to

appraise SIA and

SIMP

Appraised by Bank staff Section 7(1): Constitute a

multi-disciplinary Expert

Group include members of

decentralized govt Institutes

(PRIs, ULBs).

11. Time stipulated

for Group to

submit its report

Before the decision meeting

for appraisal

Section 7(4): Submit its

report within two months

from the date of its

constitution

12. Scope of work of

the Expert group

Social Assessment,

resettlement action Plan

reviewed and appraised by

Bank staff and approved by

Regional safeguard advisor

Section 7 (4) (a&b): assess

whether it serves any public

purpose or not; if social

costs outweigh potential

benefits then should be

abandoned;

Section 7 (5) (a&b): if serves

public purpose, then it has

considered minimum land

acquisition, and alternate

options to minimize

displacement; potential

benefits outweigh social

costs

13. Consultation –

Phase II during

In practice consultation

workshops are organized in

Section 2 (2): Prior consent

of 80% and 70% of land

67

appraisal project affected areas at

district and state level.

owners in PPP and where

private company has

approached the govt to

acquire balance land has

been obtained,

14. Disclosure – Stage

II

Information dissemination

through the planning and

implementation

Section 7 (6):

recommendations of expert

group under 7(4&5)to be

made public in local

language in district and

block administrative office

and PRIs

15. Minimize impact

on multi-crop land

Select feasible design that

has minimal adverse

impact.

Section 10: In case multi-

crop land is to be acquired

under exceptional

circumstances, the area to

be acquired cannot exceed

aggregate of land of all

projects in district or state.

The area to be acquired

cannot exceed the total net

sown area of the district or

state.

Wasteland equivalent to

twice the area acquired will

be developed.

16. Information

dissemination of

preliminary notice

Continuous part of the

preparation and

participation

Section 11 (1), (2) & (3):

Notice published in local

language and meetings

called of gram sabahs,

municipalities to provide

full information about the

purpose of the project,

summary of SIA and

particulars of administrator

appointed for R&R’

68

summary of R&R scheme

17. Updating land

records

To be part of RAP Section 11 (5): Once

established that the land is

required for public purpose,

accordingly notice to be

issued under section 19

following which land

records to be updated

within two months

18. Census and

preparation of

R&R schemes

To be part of RAP Section 16 (1) (2): carry out

census of affected people

and their assets to be

affected, livelihood loss and

common property to be

affected; R&R scheme

including time line for

implementation.

19. Information

dissemination and

Public hearing -

Stage III

Consultation throughout

the process is mandatory

Section 16(4)&(5):

mandatory to disseminate

information on R&R scheme

including resettlement area

and organize public hearing

on the Draft R&R scheme in

each Gram Sabha,

Municipality and

consultations in Scheduled

area as required under

PESA.

20. Approval of R&R

Scheme

Section 17 & 18: Draft R&R

Scheme to be finalized after

addressing objections raised

during public hearing and

approved.

21. Final declaration

of R&R Scheme

Approved RAP including

budgetary provisions to

implement it

Section 19 (2): Only after the

requiring body has

deposited the money will

69

the govt issue the notice

along with 19(1).

22. Time period

stipulated.

To be included in RAP -

Time line synchronized

with Government’s

procedures or adopts

innovative methods to

reduce the time which is

based operated on the

principles of participation

and transparency.

Section 19 (2): the entire

process to update land

records, disseminate

information, preliminary

survey, census, hearing of

objections, preparation of

R&R schemes and approval,

deposit of money must

complete within 12 months

from the date on which

section 11, the preliminary

notice issued.

Section 19 (7): If the final

declaration not made within

12 months of section 11 (1),

the process will lapse,

except under special

circumstances.

23. Preparation of

land acquisition

plans

To be included in RAP.

Section 20: Land marked,

measured for preparation of

acquisition plans.

24. Hearing of claims Section 21(1) (2): Notices

issued indicating govt’s

intension to take possession

of land, and claims on

compensation and R&R can

be made not less than one

month and not more than

six month from the date of

issue of section 21(1).

25. Time period

stipulated for

declaring the

award

Section 25: It is required to

announce the award within

12months of issue of

Section 19 (final declaration

70

to acquire land, approved

R&R scheme) after

completing land acquisition

plans, hearing of objection,

settling individual claims

for declaration of the award.

If award not made within

the stipulated time, the

entire proceedings will

lapse.

26. LA Act 1984 deem

to lapse and

RFCTLAR&R is

applicable

Section 24: where award is

not declared under section

11, or where made five

years ago but land not taken

in possession or where

award declared but money

not deposited in the account

of majority of beneficiary.

27. Methodology for

determining

market value for

land

Full replacement Cost Section 26 and First

Schedule: Recognizes 3

methods and whichever is

higher will be considered

which will be multiplied by

a factor given in Schedule

First; compensation given

earlier will not be

considered; if rates not

available floor price can be

set; steps to be taken to

update the market value.

28. Valuation of

structures

Full Replacement cost Section 29 (1) without

deducting the depreciated

value.

29. Solarium and

interest

Section 30(1) 100% of the

compensation amount

Section 30(3): 12% per

71

annum on the market rate

from the date of notification

of SIA to the date of ward

or land taken over

30. R&R Award Total cost included in RAP

to resettle and rehabilitate

the affected persons and

assist in their efforts to

improve their livelihoods

and standards of living or at

least to restore them, in real

terms, to pre-displacement

levels or to levels prevailing

prior to the beginning of

project implementation,

whichever is higher

Section 31, Second Schedule:

A family as a unit will

receive R&R grant over and

above the compensation

and those who are not

entitled to compensation.

Second Schedule: Homeless

entitled to constructed

house, land for land in

irrigation projects in lieu of

compensation, in case of

acquisition for urbanization

20% of developed land

reserved for owners at a

prices equal to

compensation’ jobs or one

time payment or annuity for

20 years’ subsistence grant,

transportation, land and

house registered on joint

name husband and wife, etc

31 Transparency Section 37(1): Information

of each individual family

including loss,

compensation awarded, etc

will be available on the

website.

38. Possession of land Taking of land and related

assets may take place only

after compensation has been

paid and, where applicable,

resettlement sites and

moving allowances have

Section 38(1): Land will be

taken over by the

government within three

months of compensation

and 6 months of R&R

benefits disbursed;

72

been provided to the

displaced persons.

infrastructure facilities at

resettlement sites will be

completed within 18

months from the date of

award made under section

30 for compensation; in case

of irrigation and hydle

projects R&R completed six

months prior to

submergence.

39. Multiple

displacement

Section 39: Additional

compensation equivalent to

compensation determined

will be paid to displaced

31. Acquisition for

emergency

purpose

Not permeable in bank

funded projects

Section 40 (5): 75%

additional compensation

will be paid over and above

the compensation amount

32. Prior consent

before acquisition

and alienation

Mandatory to carry out

Free, Prior, Informed

Consultation with

Indigenous people.

Section 41(3) Mandatory to

get consent from Gram

sabah, Panchayat,

Autonomous Councils in

Scheduled areas.

33. Development

plans for SC and

ST

Indigenous Peoples’

Development plan required

along with RAP.

Land for land for is an

option across all sectors.

Section 41: Separate

development plans to be

prepared, settle land rights

before acquisition;

provision of for alternate

fuel fodder, non-timber

produce on forest land to be

developed within 5 years;

1/3rd compensation amount

to be paid as first

installment and rest at the

time of taking possession;

ST to be resettled within

Scheduled area; land free of

73

cost for community

purpose; land alienation

will be null and void and ST

and SC considered for R&R

benefits; fishing rights

restored in irrigation and

hydle projects; if wish to

settle outside the district

additional benefits to be

provided in monetary

terms; all rights enjoyed

under other laws will

continue.

Second Schedule: additional

provisions for SC&ST for

land for land in irrigation

projects, additional sum

over and above the

subsistence grant,

34. Institutional

arrangement

Institutional arrangement

must be agreed upon and

included in RAP, IPDP.

Section 43-45:

Appointment of

administrator, R&R

Commissioner, when more

than 100 acres of land is to

be acquired, R&R

Committee will be formed

at project level, social audit

to be carried out by Gram

Sabha and Municipalities.

35. Change of land

use

Section 46(4): Land will not

be transferred to the

requisitioning authority till

R&R is not complied with in

full

36 Monitoring and

Evaluation

Indicators and monitoring

system included in RAP

Section 48-50:Set up

National and State level

Monitoring Committee to

74

and IPDP review and monitor

progress

37. Authority to settle

claims

Section 51-74: the Authority

will be set up settle any

legal disputes that arise

from acquisition and R&R,

the aggrieved party can

move to the high court

thereafter.

38. Exempt from tax

and fee

Section 96: Compensation

and agreements will not be

liable to tax

39. No change in

status of land

acquired

Section 99: Once the land is

acquired for a particular

purpose, its purpose cannot

be changed

40. Return of

unutilized land

Section 101: If the acquired

land remains unutilized for

5 years, then it will be

returned to original owner,

heir or included in land

bank

41. Distribution of

increased value of

land transferred

Section102: 40% of

appreciated value of

acquired land will be

distributed to owners

provided no development

has taken place.

4.3 Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP

Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The

construction agencies therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land, which

include inter alia, the following:

75

1. Workmen's Compensation Act 1923 (the Act provides for compensation in case of injury by

accident arising out of and during the course of employment);

2. Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on

satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years);

3. Employees PF and Miscellaneous Provision Act 1952 (the Act provides for monthly

contributions by the employer plus workers);

4. Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 (the Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women

employees in case of confinement or miscarriage, etc.);

5. Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (the Act provides for certain welfare

measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour);

6. Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (the employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum

Wages fixed by the Government as per provisions of the Act);

7. Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (it lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid,

when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers);

8. Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 (the Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of

equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female

employees);

9. Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 (the Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a

minimum of 83.3% of wages and maximum of 20% of wages);

10. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (the Act lays down the machinery and procedure for

resolution of industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and

what are the requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the

establishment);

11. Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act; 1946 (the Act provides for laying down

rules governing the conditions of employment);

76

12. Trade Unions Act, 1926 (the Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions

of workers and employers. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given

certain immunities from civil and criminal liabilities);

13. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (the Act prohibits employment of

children below

14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of

employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labour

is prohibited in Building and Construction Industry);

14. Inter-State Migrant Workmen’s (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service)

Act, 1979 (the inter-state migrant workers, in an establishment to which this Act becomes

applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid,

travelling expenses from home to the establishment and back, etc.);

15. The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions

of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 (all the establishments who carry on any

building or other construction work and employs 10 or more workers are covered under this

Act; the employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building

or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities,

ambulance, housing accommodation for Workers near the workplace, etc.);

16. The Factories Act, 1948 (the Act lays down the procedure for approval of plans before

setting up a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours and

rendering information-regarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated

authorities);

4.4 Environmental and Social Management Framework of NGRBA

Project has prepared an Environmental and Social Management Framework to ensure

socially and environmentally sustainable development in NGRBA’s endeavour of

Mission Clean Ganga by effective management of environmental and social issues in all

the investments with a special focus on the following:

ensure that all investments adhere to the national, state and local regulatory requirements

during the design, implementation and operation stages

77

ensure that best environmental and social practices are mainstreamed/ integrated during

design, implementation and operation of the investments

strive to enhance environmental conditions wherever feasible

undertake to develop communication strategy, capacity building and training initiatives

for all stakeholders such as the SPMGs, EAs, ULBs, NGOs and common citizens.

The purpose of the ESMF is to facilitate the management of environmental and social

issues of the river pollution mitigation investments. The Environment and Social

Management Framework (ESMF), therefore, would be used as an umbrella by the

NGRBA program (the PMG and SPMGs) and all implementing agencies while preparing

and/ or appraising, approving and executing the investments. The ESMF includes a

Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Framework (RPLAF), which specifies the

procedures, eligibility, grievance redressal and other measures to be followed in the event

that resettlement or land acquisition is required for any sub-project. As part of the ESMF,

a Gender Development Framework has been designed which will help to analyze gender

issues during the preparation stages of the sub-project, and to design interventions to

address women’s needs. Gender analysis will be part of the social assessment at the sub-

project level. The RPLAF, has a screening checklist to identify any adverse impact. The

project has also prepared an entitlement matrix to address the adverse impacts as given

below. The entitlement matrix is based on NPRR 2007 .

78

5 Baseline Status

The baseline environmental and social status is important to understand the region's

existing physical and biological characteristics along with cultural and social status of the

residing community. Information and data presented in this section is based on field

surveys, stake-holder interaction/consultation and secondary data collection which majorly

include the draft Detailed Project Report (DPR) of proposed sewerage work in Anupshahr

town, Baseline generation (Water/ Air/ Noise quality/ Soil monitoring) ,town census data

and others. The information on the baseline environmental conditions forms the basis to

analyses the probable impacts of the proposed project vis-à-vis the present background

environmental quality of the core study area.

5.1 Baseline Environmental Status

5.1.1 Physiographic and Topography

Anupshahr is located at 28.37°N 78.27°E. The general topography of the town is rather

undulating. The general ground is sloping towards River Ganga. Garhi Mohalla is the highest

in the elevation with a significant level difference with respect to ground level.

The topography of the town is generally plain & slopes towards river Ganga. The huge water

body formed upstream of the barrage houses the dolphins. Upper Ganga stretch of the river

from Bijnor to Narora (165 km) is home to dolphins & forms a part of the RAMSAR Site.

WWF India has been working closely since late nineties with river bank communities and

aquatic species that could serve as a reliable indicator of the health of Ganga River. While

http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Anupshahr&params=28.37_N_78.27_E_

79

different strategies have been adopted by them from time to time, the focus has always

remained on the people & species.

The goal being to reduce the huge burden of pollution & other anthropogenic pressures that

Ganga River has borne particularly in the last few decades. The dolphin’s habitat parameters

in Ganga River with active participation of WWE (India) and based on their study during 2007-

2009, the population of dolphins in the study area between Bijnor and Narora was recorded

to have increased .The population of dolphins in the study area was recorded to have increase

(44 in 2007; 49 in 2008; 56 in 2009) during the project period (2007-2009). This signifies that

the recruitment and growth pattern on the population is increasing. This is most likely

because of the improvement in habitat conditions, as well as in the water quality. A decrease

in the death rate between 2007-2009 could also be a factor as of death was recorded in this

stretch.

Table 8Dolphin habitat parameters in Upper Ganga River (Narora- Anupshahr)

River stretch Kms Km Few Important Habitat Parameters

Mid Ganga River

Narora –Anupshahr (Zone I) 0-30 Deep pools, sandy and muddy river

bank island with vegetation

River depth 1.5-4.3 m

River width 200-800 m

River velocity 3.0-5.5 m/sec

Air temp. 10-42° C

Water temp 12-28°C

ph 7.05-8.70

Dissolved Oxygen 6-8 mg/l

Conductivity 200-250 µ S/cm

80

The total dolphin population in upper Ganga system up to October 2012 was 671 with

following distribution. Ganga-261, Yamuna -31, Chambal-85, Ghaghara-231, Rapti-8, Geruwa-

39, Saryu-16. The distribution of total dolphin population is shown in figure below.

5.1.2 Climate

Figure 8Distribution of Dolphin in Upper Ganga System population up to October 2012 (source WWF)

81

The town has very hot climatic conditions in summers, the temperature rises up to 40

degrees Celsius and chilling winter is common. It receives heavy rainfall for three to

four months within a year. Source: http://www.climate-data.org

Figure 9 Annual Temperature

http://www.climate-data.org/

82

Figure 10 Temperature Variation & Precipitation

83

Figure 11 Annual Rainfall

84

5.1.3 Land Use Pattern

According to the land use data of 2004-05, the net area sown and current fallow land was

estimated at 298371 ha. (81.75 per cent) and 2456 (0.70 per cent) respectively of the total

reporting area in district Bulandshahr. The area under forest accounted for 7726 ha (2.12 per

cent). Land put to non-agricultural uses was estimated at 49710 ha. (13.62 per cent) and

uncultivable wasteland at 5111 ha.(1.40 per cent). Grazing land and area under trees and

Figure 12 Land use & Cropping Pattern

85

orchards is negligible. The total reporting area covers 364974 ha. land in the district. It is

interesting to note that total reporting area of the district has decreased by 1.40 per cent

(5096 ha.). The forest area has also declined from 7726 ha, in 2004-05 to 7544 ha. in 2006-07

The net irrigated area in the district during 2004-05 was 263715 ha. which was 88.38 per

cent of the net area sown. Irrigation facilities are well developed in the district. The main

source of irrigation is private Tube wells which covers 220816 ha. land (84 per cent) of the

total net irrigated area. About 958 kms of canals and 199 canal tails provide irrigation to 10

per cent of irrigated area (25102 ha.) and wells account for 4.55 per cent area under

irrigation. States run Tube wells cover only 1.89 per cent area under irrigation

5.1.4 Geological and Geophysical features

The substrata of the town contain boulders, gravel, clay and sand etc. The sub soil water

level is at about 8 m depth. Anupshahr is almost flat with mild slopes towards Ganga River,

except some areas.

Figure 13 Geology of the town

86

Water Quality Status

Although the Ganga flows along the entire length of the NCR fringing its eastern border, any

monitoring station has not been established. Apart from Garhmukhteshwar (Class III town),

Anupshahr (Class IV town) and Narora (Class IV Town), there are no major water pollution

issues in the Ganga Basin in this particular stretch.

Effect on Groundwater by STP/sewer lines

The groundwater near Sewerage Treatment Plant present in zone A & B is more than 5m in

depth, which shows that ground water table there will not be polluted by the presence of

STP. As per survey and studies made, it is observed that in most part of the city the

groundwater is more than 5m.For sewer lines laid in regions having shallow depth,

infiltration factor has been considered.

Moreover, for every joints provision of sealant has been taken into account in order to

prevent intrusion of sewerage into ground water. Proper jointing and provision of cradles

has also been considered for preventing groundwater pollution.

Figure 14 Underground Sewer Line

87

Table 9Depth of Water below Ground level and its Hydro-geological Conditions in Anupshahr

Sub Region/Tehsil/Tow

n Land

Contour

Ground Water

Contour Depth of Ground Water BGL Hydro-Chemical

Conditions

mts mts mts A B C D E

Anupshahr 185-200 195-190 10

Figure 15 Groundwater Scenario of the Town

88

5.1.5 Duration of Monitoring to generate the base line

The monitoring of air, water, soil, and noise quality was conducted during the month

of December 2014.

5.1.6 Meteorology

A meteorological station was set up at the project premises. Meteorological data was

generated during the 15 December 2013 to 15 January 2014.

The following parameters were recorded at hourly intervals continuously during monitoring

period is enclosed as Annexure8

Wind speed

Wind Direction

Air Temperature

5.1.7 Ambient Air Quality

To quantify the impact of the project on the ambient air quality, it is necessary at first to

WRPLOT View - Lakes Environmental Software

PROJECT NO.:

DATE:

24-01-2014

MODELER:

COMPANY NAME:

COMMENTS:WIND ROSE PLOT:

NORTH

SOUTH

WEST EAST

4%

8%

12%

16%

20%DATA PERIOD:

Start Date: 15-12-2013 - 00:00End Date: 15-01-2014 - 23:00

WIND SPEED

(m/s)

>= 11.1

8.8 - 11.1

5.7 - 8.8

3.6 - 5.7

2.1 - 3.6

0.5 - 2.1

Calms: 29.05%

AVG. WIND SPEED:

2.00 m/s

CALM WINDS:

29.05%

TOTAL COUNT:

835 hrs.

DISPLAY:

Wind SpeedDirection (blowing from)

Figure 16 Wind Rose

89

evaluate the existing ambient air quality of the area. To assess the ambient air quality

level, 4 (four) monitoring stations were set up. And one day monitoring has been done

i.e. 15/1/2014.

The existing ambient air quality has been monitored and 12 air parameters are analyzed

such as Particulate Matter-10 (PM10), Particulate Matter- 2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur-dioxide

(SO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NO2), and Carbon Monoxide (CO), through a planned field

monitoring. All the parameters are within prescribed limit as per EPA.

The maximum concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10 &PM2.5) i.e. 73.4 & 47.65 µg

/m3 has been analyzed in AAQ4 (Near Nav Durga Medical Store) due to commercial place,

and minimum concentration is in campus of both the STPs.

The concentration of Sulphur Dioxide& Nitrogen Dioxide is high Near Bulandshahar Bus

Stand due to emission by huge vehicular traffic and minimum concentration is in campus

of both the STPs.

Similarly the concentration of Carbon Monoxide, Lead (as Pb), Nickel (as Ni), Arsenic (as

As), Ozone (as O3), Ammonia (as NH3), Benzene (as C6H6), Benzo(α) Pyrine- Particulate

Phase are also within the prescribed limit of EPA.Location map is enclosed as Annexure 2.

Table 10 Air Quality monitoring location

Locations Code Locations

AAQ1 Near STP Zone –A, AnupShahar, U.P

AAQ2 Near STP Zone –B, Anupshahar, U.P

AAQ3 Near Buladhahar Bus Stand

AAQ4 Near Nav Durga Medical Store

Methods of Sampling and Analysis

Fine particulate Sampler APM MFC550 was used for monitoring Particulate Matter (PM2.5

and PM10); gaseous pollutants like SO2, and NO2 was collected by Gaseous Pollutant

Sampler APM 433 and CO was monitored by Serinous 30 CO Analyser with NDIR detector.

90

Method for measurement of Particulate matter, SO2 & NO2

Method for measurement of Particulate Matter (PM10) in ambient air is done by Cyclonic

Flow Technique. Particles with aerodynamic diameter less than the cut-point of the inlet are

collected by a filter. Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone.

Coarse and non-reparable dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting

on the solid particles and these particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get

collected in the sampling cap placed at the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the

particulate matter (PM10) passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper The mass of

these particles is determined by the difference in filter weights prior to and after sampling.

The concentration of PM10 in the designated size range is calculated by dividing the weight

gain of the filter by the volume of air sampled. A tapping is provided on the suction side of

the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers for containing

absorbing solutions for SO2 and NO2. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters

per minute. The APM MFC 550 is used for PM2.5. This system is a manual method for

sampling fine particles (PM2.5 fraction) and is based on Impactor designs standardized by

USEPA for ambient air quality monitoring.

PM2.5& PM10 have been estimated by gravimetric method. Improved West and Gaeke

method (IS-5182 part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Modified Jacobs-

Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-VI, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NO2.

91

Method for measurement of Carbon Monoxide – NDIR method

Instrument used: Ecotech Serinus 30 Carbon Monoxide

This analyzer is used to measure CO in ambient air, in the range of 0-200 ppm (220 mg/m3)

to a sensitivity of 0.05 ppm 55µg/m3). The Serinus 30 combines the benefits of Micro process

control with Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectrophotometry technology.CO Concentration is

automatically corrected for gas temperature and pressure changes.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (15.1.2014)

S.No. Parameter Test

Method AAQ1

Results AAQ2

Results AAQ3

Results AAQ4

Results Units

Limits as per EPA.

1 Particulate Matter (PM10)

IS:5182 Part-XXIII

56.7 58.95 69.8 73.4 µg /m3 100

2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

CPCB Volume –

1

43.1 42.56 46.5 47.65 µg /m3 60

3 Sulphur Dioxide IS:5182 Part-II

7.6 9.22 13.45 12.2 µg /m3 80

4 Nitrogen Dioxide

IS:5182 Part-VI

12.2 14.65 24.72 22.9 µg /m3 80

5 Carbon Monoxide

IS:5182 Part-X

˂1.15 ˂1.15 ˂1.15 ˂1.15 mg/m3 4

6 Lead(as Pb) IS:5182 Part-XXII

˂0.10 ˂0.10 ˂0.10 ˂0.10 µg /m3 1

7 Nickel (as Ni) APHA-AIR420

˂20.00 ˂20.00 ˂20.00 ˂20.00 ng /m3 20

8 Arsenic ( as As) APHA-AIR302

˂5.00 ˂5.00 ˂5.00 ˂5.00 ng /m3 6

9 Ozone ( as O3) IS:5182 Part-IX

26 24.4 27.5 25.2 µg /m3 180

10 Ammonia (as NH3)

APHA-AIR402

˂20.00

˂20.00

˂20.00

˂20.00

µg /m3 400

11 Benzene ( as C6H6)

IS:5182 Part-XI

˂1.00 ˂1.00 ˂1.00 ˂1.00 µg /m3 5

12 Benzo(α) Pyrine- Particulate Phase

IS:5182 Part-XI

˂1.00 ˂1.00 ˂1.00 ˂1.00 ng /m3 1

92

Figure 17 Air Sampling in progress

93

5.1.8 Noise Environment

Noise is one of the most undesirable and unwanted by-products of our modern life style. It

may not seem as insidious or harmful as air and water pollutants but it affects human health

and well-being and can contribute to deterioration of human well-being in general and can

cause neurological disturbances and physiological damage to the hearing mechanism in

particular. It is therefore, necessary to measure both the quality as well as the quantity of

noise in and around the site.

Methodology

The intensity of sound energy in the environment is measured in a logarithmic scale and is

expressed in a decibel, dB (A) scale. In a sophisticated type of sound level meter, an

additional circuit (filters) is provided, which modifies the received signal in such a way that it

replicates the sound signal as received by the human ear and the magnitude of sound level in

this scale is denoted as dB (A). The sound levels are expressed in dB (A) scale for the purpose

of comparison of noise levels, which is universally accepted by the international community.

Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Pulsar

Instruments Plc, Model NO. 91 (SL.No.B21625). It has an indicating mode of Lp and Leq.

Keeping the mode in Lp for few minutes and setting the corresponding range and the

weighting network in “A” weighting set the sound level meter was run for one hour time and

Leq was measured at all locations.

The day noise levels have been monitored during 6.00 am to 10.00 pm and night noise levels,

during 10.00 pm to 6.00 am at all the 5 locations, which covers residential areas, highways,

industrial areas, commercial areas, and silence zones, if available within 10 km radius of the

study area.

94

Sampling Locations

A preliminary survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the

area. The noise survey was conducted to assess the background noise levels in different

zones. Gazettes Notification (S.O. 123(E)) of MoEF dated February 14, 2000 on ambient air

quality standards has different noise levels for different zones viz. project site, industrial,

commercial, and residential and silence zones.

In Anupshahr town the four locations has been identified for noise level monitoring in which

two are project sites and other two are commercial and silence zone the monitoring has

been done during day (6.00 Am to 10 Pm) and night (10:00 PM to 6:00 Am) both and after

analyzing the results, it is conclude that noise levels during day time and night are in

prescribed limit of CPCB.

Location code is given in table below and location map is enclosed as Annexure 3.

Locations Code Locations

NAQ1 Near STP Zone –A, Anupshahr, U.P

NAQ2 Near STP Zone –B, Anupshahr, U.P

NAQ3 Near Durga Prasad Baljeet Singh, P.G. College,

NAQ4 Near Nav Durga Medical Store

Table 11 Noise Ambient Quality

Noise Ambient Quality

S. No Test Parameters NAQ1

Results NAQ2

Results NAQ3

Results NAQ4

Results Units

Requirement (as per CPCB Guidelines Limits in

dB (A) Leq

EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL 58.2 56.7 66.2 72.5

dB(A) Category of Area/ Zone

Day Time Night Time

1 (6.0 AM TO 10.0 PM) Industrial Area 75 70

2

EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL

37.7 38.4 42.1 46.4

dB(A)

Commercial Area 65 55

(10.0 PM TO 6.0 AM) Residential Area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

Figure 18 Noise Sampling

97

5.1.9 Water Environment

Water quality assessment is one of the essential components of EIA study. Such assessment

helps in evaluating the existing health of water body and suggesting appropriate mitigation

measures to minimize the potential impact from development projects.

The six samples have been drawn for water quality monitoring at STP inlet of both zone, STP

outlet of both Zones, Upstream of Ganga River and downstream of Ganga River with respect

to the discharge point of STPs.

At STP inlet five parameters have been analyzed i.e. which show the characteristics of waste

water in both the zones.

pH is (7.5-7.46),Total Suspended Solid (7432-7560), Chemical Oxygen Demand(as O2) (596-

690) , Biological Oxygen Demand(as O2) (226-244) and Oil & grease (9-8.4).

Table 12 Water Quality at STP Inlet

Water Quality (STP Inlet)

S.No. Parameter Test Method Zone A Results

Zone B Results

Units

1 pH IS:3025(Part-11):1983 7.95 7.46 -

2 Total Suspended Solid

IS:3025(Part-17):1984 7432 7560 mg/l

3 Chemical Oxygen Demand(as O2)

APHA 5220 B:2005 596 690 mg/l

4 Biological Oxygen Demand(as O2)

IS:3025(Part-44):1993 226 244 mg/l

5 Oil & grease IS:3025(Part-19):1984 9 8.4 mg/l

Similarly at STP outlet five parameters have been analyzed i.e. which show the

characteristics of treated water in both the zones

pH is (8.22-8.4), Total Suspended Solid (26-38), Chemical Oxygen Demand(as O2) (104-128)

, Biological Oxygen Demand(as O2) (20-24) and Oil & grease (2.2-2.6).

All the above mention parameters are within the prescribed limit of CPCB norms

98

Table 13 Water Quality at STP Outlet

Water Quality (STP Outlet)

S.No. Parameter Test Method Zone A Results

Zone B Results

Units Limits as per CPCB

norms

1 pH IS:3025(Part-11):1983

8.22 8.4 - 5.0-9.0

2 Total Suspended Solid

IS:3025(Part-17):1984

26 38 mg/l 100

3 Chemical Oxygen Demand(as O2)

APHA 5220 B:2005

104 128 mg/l 250

4 Biological Oxygen Demand(as O2)

IS:3025(Part-44):1993

20 24 mg/l 30

5 Oil & grease IS:3025(Part-19):1984

2.2 2.6 mg/l 10

As mention above samples are also drawn at Upstream and Downstream of Ganga River

with respect to the discharge points of STPs in both zones to assess the changes in water

quality of river due to discharge of waste water in river.

The following parameters have been analyzed:-

1. Microbiological

As per the requirement of IS 10500:2012 the concentration of Total Coliform

Bacteria & Fecal Coliform Bacteria should be absent/250 ml but due to discharge of

effluent at various point in upstream it comes around (520/100 ml & 180/100ml) and

similarly due to discharge of waste water of Anupshahr in river the same parameter

are changed at downstream of river i.e. (630/100 ml & 220/100ml).

2. Organoleptic & Physical Parameters

Under this section six physical parameters are covered Colour (Odour, Taste,

Turbidity, pH, Total dissolve solid (TDS)).

In upstream and downstream both the concentration of all the above six mention

parameters are within Requirement (Acceptable Limit).

99

3. General Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable In Excessive Amounts

In upstream and downstream both Aluminum (as Al), Total Ammonia, Anionic

surface, Detergents (as MBAS), Barium (as Ba), Chloramines (as Cl2), Free Residual

Chlorine, Magnese (as Mn), Silver (as Ag), Sulphide(as H2S) are below the detection

limit. And Boron (as B), Calcium (as Ca), Chloride (as Cl), Copper (as Cu), Fluoride (as

F), Iron (as Fe), Magnesium (as mg), Nitrate (as NO3), Selenium (as Se), Sulphate (as

SO4), Alkalinity (as Ca CO3), Total hardness (as CaCO3), Zinc (as Zn) are below the

required acceptable limit.

4. Parameters Concerning Toxic Substances

In upstream and downstream Cadmium (as Cd), Cyanide (as CN), Lead (as Pb),

Mercury (as Hg), Nickel (as Ni), Arsenic (as As), Total Chromium (as Cr) are below the

detection level limit.

Water Quality (Ganga Water)

Table 14 Water Quality of Ganga River

MICROBIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT

S.No. Parameter Test Method

UP Stream Result

Down Stream Result

Required as per IS-10500:2012

1 Total Coliform Bacteria

IS-1622 520/100ml 630/100 ml Absent/250ml

2 Fecal Coliform Bacteria

IS-1622 180/100ml 220/100 ml Absent/250ml

ORGANOLEPTIC & PHYSICAL PARAMETERS

S.NO. Parameter Test method

UP Stream Result

Down Stream Result

Unit Requirement (Acceptable

Limit)

Permissible Limit in

absence of alternate

source

1 Colour IS-3025(P-

04)

<1.0 <1.0 Hazen Unit

5 15

100

2 Odour IS-3025(P-

05)

Agreeable Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable

3 Taste IS-3025(P-07 & 08)

Agreeable Agreeable - Agreeable -

4 Turbidity IS-3025(P-

10)

<1.0 <1.0 NTU 1 5

5 pH value IS-3025(P-

04)

7.72 8.14 - 6.5-8.5 -

6 Total dissolve solid ( TDS)

IS-3025(P-

16)

144 346 mg/l 500 2000

General parameters concerning substances undesirable in excessive amounts

S.no. Parameter Test method

UP Stream Result

Down Stream Result


Limit)



source

1 Aluminum (as Al)

IS: 3025 (P- 55)

BDL BDL mg/l 0.03 0.2

2 Total Ammonia

IS: 3025 (P- 34)

BDL BDL mg/l 0.5 No Relaxation

3 Anionic surface Detergents(as MBAS)

Annex K of IS-13428

BDL BDL mg/l 0.2 1

4 Barium (as Ba)

IS: 15302


5 Boron (as B) IS: 3025 (P- 57)

0.12 0.14 mg/l 0.5 1

6 Calcium (as Ca)

IS: 3025 (P- 40)

33.67 51.3 mg/l 75 200

7 Chloramines (as Cl2)

IS: 3025 (P- 26)

BDL BDL mg/l 4 No Relaxation

8 Chloride (as Cl)

IS: 3025 (P- 32)

34.22 21.54 mg/l 250 1000

101

General parameters concerning substances undesirable in excessive amounts

S.no. Parameter Test method

UP Stream Result

Down Stream Result


Limit)



source

9 Copper (as Cu)

IS : 3025 (P-42)

<0.05 <0.05 mg/l 0.05 1.5

10 Fluoride (as F)

IS: 3025 (P-60)

0.29 0.17 mg/l 1 1.5

11 Free Residual Chlorine

IS: 3025 (P-26)

DL BDL mg/l 0.2 1

12 Iron (as Fe) IS: 3025(P-

53)

0.2 0.19 mg/l 0.3 No Relaxation

13 Magnesium (as mg)

IS: 3025 (P-46)

17.4 17.5 mg/l 30 100

14 Magnese (as Mn)

Clause 35 of IS

3025


15 Nitrate (as NO3)

IS: 3025 (P- 34)

8.9 11.5 mg/l 45 No Relaxation

16 Selenium (as Se)

IS: 3025 (P- 56)

<0.01 <0.01 mg/l 0.01 No Relaxation

17 Silver (as Ag) Annex J IS:

13428


18 Sulphate (as SO4)

IS: 3025 (P- 24)

15.68 13.4 mg/l 200 400

19 Sulphide(as H2S)

IS-3025 (P-29)


20 Alkalinity ( as Ca CO3)

IS: 3025 (P- 23)

156 176.2 mg/l 200 600

21 Total hardness (as CaCO3)

IS: 3025 (P- 23)

285 322.4 mg/l 200 600

22 Zinc (as Zn) IS: 3025 (P- 49)

0.08 0.186 mg/l 5.0 15

102

Parameters Concerning Toxic Substances:

S.NO. Parameter Test method

UP Stream Result

Down Stream Result


Limit)



source

1 Cadmium (as Cd)

IS-3025(P-

41)


2 Cyanide (as CN)

IS-3025(P-

27)


3 Lead ( as Pb)

IS-3025(P-

47)


4 Mercury (as Hg)

IS-3025(P-

48)


5 Nickel (as Ni)

Annex L of IS-

13428


6 Arsenic (as As)

IS-3025(P-

37)


7 Total Chromium (as Cr)

Annex J of IS-

13428


BDL: Below Detection limit.

103

Figure 19 Water Sampling Site Pics

104

5.1.10 Drainage System

The drainage system of the town is also very poor; the storm water is transported through

the common open drains along with domestic waste water. The condition worsens in the

rainy season and general problem of overflow of drains is encountered. The waste water

finds its way to low lying areas and creates unhygienic sanitary conditions.

5.1.11 Waste Water Management

Anupshahar town doesn’t have a sewerage network system. However, under Ganga Action

Plan-I, Nala tapping was done by intercepting the flow and diverting it into two nos. of

sewerage treatment Plants of 1.75 mld and 0.805 mld capacity respectively.

Figure 20 Drainage Pattern in whole State

105

A proposal was issued by the Nagar Parishad on dated 02-01-2013 regarding sewerage

scheme of the town, which specifies that sewerage network has to be laid on the internal

roads has to be provided for the interconnections between the manholes used for tapping

nalas at the river bank so to avoid the overflow of waste water.

At present only the flow of Nalas is tapped and diverted to STP and treated water is

discharged into the River Ganga. However in the rainy seasons and the peak flow period

(Mela period) these 250mm sewer lines are collapsed and the overflow of the waste water

creates the unhygienic conditions for the people residing in the area.

Due to rapid urbanization and for better hygienic and sanitary conditions to improve living

standards sewerage networks along with related facilities are strongly required.

Also Anupshahr is the priority town as it lies on the bank of River Ganga and this river is the

sacred river for the Hindus. Pilgrims from many parts of the country in large quantity used

to visit this place for tasking holy dip in River Ganga, stay in the town and uses the facilities

of this town.

5.1.12 Waste generation:

Waste generation is about 200 gms per capita per day in cities with the population of less

than 1 lac. The larger the city, the higher is the per-capita waste generation rate. The total

waste generation in Anupshahr town is estimated to be 48 metric tonnes per day at present

ie. year 2014. The type of solid waste generated in the town can be broadly classified into

Municipal Solid Waste, E-Waste, Plastic Waste, Construction and Demolition Waste,

Biomedical Waste

The solid waste management in Anupshahr town is handled by Nagar Panchayat Anupshahr.

The Nagar Panchayat has provided bins at different locations in the town where the local

inhabitants put their waste for transportation & disposal. Nagar Panchayat disposes of the

solid waste in the low lying areas of the town.

Composition of Waste:

106

Indian mixed waste has a large proportion of compostable material and inerts. As per NEERI

studies, compostable matters range from 30% to 57% and inert materials from 40% to 54%.

The component of recyclable material is between 5% to 10%.

Waste Management during festivals/Melas:

During the span of festival/melas, the population of the town increases temporarily,

resulting in the increase of solid waste generation. At present, the only thing adopted to

cater this situation is increasing the number of trips of the transportation vehicles to the

dumping site. However no management plan is prepared for the particular span which

results in the collection of large amount of solid waste at the collection points for the longer

duration of time.

Technology adopted for storage, collection, transportation and disposal of waste

The solid wastes collected from 26 localities are dumped on the bypass road but this is

temporary location, final location has not been decided. Recyclable waste material is also

not segregated at source and is disposed of on the streets, along with domestic, trade and

other wastes. Construction and demolition wastes also pose a serious problem as these

wastes are also deposited on the roadside or open spaces, obstructing traffic and causing

nuisance.

Primary Collection

There is no system of primary collection of waste in the town. The waste thrown on the

streets is, therefore, collected from the streets and/or from the street bins, which are

inadequate in number and ill designed.

Waste Storage Depots

Open sites or cement concrete bins, metal bins, masonry bins and structures are used for

temporary bulk storage of wastes. These bins are very unhygienic and necessitate multiple

handling of wastes. Waste is more often seen outside the bins than inside them. They are

not cleared daily.

Street Sweeping

107

Street sweeping is not carried out regularly. Several streets are occasionally swept or are

not swept at all. No sweeping is done on Sundays and public holidays in many cities. The

tools used for street sweeping are also inefficient and outdated.

Transportation of wastes

Transportation of waste is done through a variety of vehicles such as bullock carts, three-

wheelers, tractors. Most transport vehicles are loaded manually and utilized in one shift

only, although the number of transport vehicles is inadequate.

Municipal solid waste is heterogeneous in nature and consists of a number of materials

generated by various activities.

MSW disposals and treatment

The two leading innovative mechanisms of

waste disposal being adopted in India

include composting (aerobic composting

and vermi-composting) and waste-to-

energy (WTE) (incineration, pelletisation,

biomethanation). WTE projects for disposal of MSW are a relatively new concept in India.

The following techniques can be followed to deal with the solid waste scenario of the town.

1. Landfilling

2. Recycling of organic waste

3. Vermicomposting

108

5.2 Tourism

Anupshahris an old town famous for pilgrimages situated on the river Ganga. Several

religious bathings and festivals are organized all the year round. The town was named after

Raja Anup Rai Bargujar. Anupshahr is also called as Mini-Kashi due to river Ganga.

Anupshahrhas historic value and infrastructure support like banking, civic amenities,

dhramshalas, ghaats for Holy in Ganges, Dedicated Ghaats for women. A complete River

front development project will help to recreate and upgrade the existing status. Solid waste

and sanitation projects should also introduced to improve the overall condition of the

tourist to make it tourist friendly.

Figure 21 Tourism Map of the State

109

5.3 Environmentally Sensitive Zone

Anupshahr falls in the Ramsar Site which is highly environmentally sensitive. This region is

endowed with special attributes related to religious tradition, spiritual knowledge and

cosmological beliefs depicting the cultural heritage of humanity and source of aesthetic

aspirations adorned with important local traditions. Dolphins are found in this region which

makes this region more sensitive.

Figure 22 Environmentally Sensitive Zones

110

5.4 Health Care

There are 2 major hospitals in the town. The list of all Hospitals in the town is presented

below:

Janta Hospital

Jahangirabad Community Health Centre

Jeevan Jyoti Clinic

Dr. Ved Prakash Clinic

Kaushik Memorial Clinic

Neetu Clinic & Maternity Home

Jahangirabad Veterinary Hospital

Figure 23 Health Care in the State and Town

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Jahangirabad/Janta+Hospital/Swh3O0dD/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Jahangirabad/Jahangirabad+Community+Health+Centre/uvV5naWo/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Delhi+Gate/Jeevan+Jyoti+Clinic/cxccAMAH/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Katra+Kala+Bazaar/Dr.+Ved+Prakash+Clinic/mXQBcjLl/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Jahangirabad/Kaushik+Memorial+Clinic/4IJoG8o0/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Mohalla+Mahadeo/Neetu+Clinic+%26+Maternity+Home/sgLE4e33/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Jahangirabad/Jahangirabad+Veterinary+Hospital/0DM5Cn00/

111

5.5 Education

There are 4 nos. of schools in the town, 4 nos. of Inter colleges and 1 no. of PG College.

Some of the educational institutes in the town are listed below:

DPBS Degree College

Jaypee Vidya Mandir

Saraswati Shishu Mandir

Sabitri Pragya Mandir School

Shri Kanti Prakash Saraswati Vidya Mandir

RSAK Inter College

Figure 24 Education Scenario in the town

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Durga+Prasad+Marg/DPBS+Degree+College/lR00Vq5o/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Nehruganj/Jaypee+Vidya+Mandir/8iVlZ8uk/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Jahangirabad/Saraswati+Shishu+Mandir/HXGVoyMv/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Nayawas+Kutuvpur/Sabitri+Pragya+Mandir+School/1l7dMJ11/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Bulandshahar+Road/Shri+Kanti+Prakash+Saraswati+Vidya+Mandir/MFvDNHz8/

http://www.asklaila.com/listing/Anupshahr/Anupshahr+Road/RSAK+Inter+College/XcfuSq5T/

112

5.6 Soil

To identify the existing quality of soil at project area two samples are drawn at STPs in both

zones and in soil quality analysis, analyzed the 18 parameters are listed below:-

Table 15 Soil Parameters examined at the site

SOIL

S.No. Parameter Test Method STP Site Zone A Results

STP Site Zone B Results

Units

1 pH(1:5 suspension) IS:2720(Part-26) 7.94 8.6 -

2 Electrical Conductivity at 25OC (1:5suspension.)

IS:2720(Part-21) 54 102 µS/cm

3 Organic Matter IS:2720(Part-22) 0.42 0.63 % by mass

4 Potassium (as K) STP/SOIL 131.2 172.54 mg/kg

5 Water Holding Capacity STP/SOIL 26 28.5 % by mass

6 Sand STP/SOIL 70.24 62.8 % by mass

7 Clay STP/SOIL 19.38 25.9 % by mass

8 Silt STP/SOIL 6.85 8.15 % by mass

9 Texture STP/SOIL Sandy Sandy -

10 TKN STP/SOIL 1744 2085.5 mg/kg

11 Phosphorus(as P2O5) STP/SOIL 42.1 53.84 mg/kg

12 Bulk Density STP/SOIL 1.16 1.17 gm /cc

13 Calcium STP/SOIL 3014.22 2685.7 mg/ kg

14 Magnesium STP/SOIL 667.5 587.4 mg/ kg

15 Sodium STP/SOIL 139.9 164.9 mg/ kg

16 Specific Gravity STP/SOIL 2.14 2.16 -

17 Oil & Grease STP/SOIL <10.00 <10.00 mg/ kg

113

18 Organic Carbon STP/SOIL 0.3 0.38 %by mass

Figure 25 Soils in different Parts of State and Town

114

5.6.1 Bathing Ghats

There are in total 17 nos. of bathing ghats in the town. This is contributing to the waste

water load into the river to some extent.

These are listed below:

1. Kunj Ghat

2. Rani Ghat

3. Asharfi Ghat

4. Triveni Shankar Ghat

5. Rakesh Ghat

6. Shivsharup Ghat

7. Shyamsunder Ghat

8. Dinesh Ghat

9. Patali Ghat

Figure 26 Soil Collection for sampling purposes

115

10. Ganga Parshad Ghat

11. Lal Mahadev Ghat

12. Ramesh Chand Ghat

13. Jai Krishan Ghat

14. Ganesh Mandir Ghat

15. New Ghat

16. Nagar Palika Ghat

17. Kanna Ghat

5.6.2 Biological Environment

There are no important or archeologically identified gardens/ parks in town. However the

region has small residential parks provided by municipal bodies, which will not be

threatenedby the proposed sewer works, since the sewers are planned to be laid in the

middle of theroad and will not pass through these areas.

Tree Cover: Trees can be seen along the road side in almost all parts of town. Practically

none of the trees will be disturbed nor damaged (tree cutting), since they are located on the

edges and sides of roads, away from the center, along which the sewers are planned to be

laid.

Agriculture: There is no agricultural practice in town. This district is the core city area with

mix of residents, commercial areas, institutes, hospitals etc.

Literally environment stands for the totality of surrounding conditions. Animals and plants

form a vital part of this sum total. Flora and fauna of an area are inter-related to each other

and have a very crucial impact on human life. With changes in environmental conditions,

structure, density and composition of plants and animals undergo changes as well. The

present study was carried out in two separate headings for floral and faunal community.

Flora: Presently there is no forest cover in and around the town. The project site is mostly

residential area and does not have any protected or reserved forest area. The site also does

not fall under India’s notified ecological sensitive areas.

116

Table 16 List of Flora in the town

Scientific name Local name Family Habit

Abrus precatorius L. Karjani Fabaceae Climber

Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Khair Mimosaceae Tree

Acacia nilotica Willd. ex Delile Babul Mimosaceae Tree

Acacia pinnata Arar Mimisaceae Climber

Achyranthes aspera L. Chirchiri Amaranthaceae Herb

Adina cordifolia Hook. f. Karam Rubiaceae Tree

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Bel Rutaceae Tree

Aerva lanata Juss. ex Schultes - Amaranthaceae Herb

Ageratum conyzoides L. - Asteraceae Herb

Albizzia lebbek Benth. Siris Mimosaceae Tree

Albizzia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. Jung sirisr Mimosaceae Tree

Albizzia procera Benth. Safed Siris Mimosaceae Tree

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. - Amaranthaceae Herb

Anogeissus latifolia Edgew. Dhautha Combretaceae Tree

Apluda varia L. Dudhia sauri Poaceae Grass

Arundinella setosa Jharu/Motaminjhar Poaceae Grass

Asparagus racemosus Willd. Satawar Liliaceae Shrub

Azadirachta indica A. Juss Neem Meliaceae Tree

Bambusa arundinaceae Willd Bara bans Poaceae Grass

Bauhinia variegata L. kachnar Caesalpiniaceae Tree

Boerhavia diffusa L. - Nyctaginaceae Herb

Bombax ceiba Burm.f. Semal Bombacaceae Tree

Boswellia serrata Roxb. Salia Burseraceae Tree

Buchnania lanzan Spreng Piar Anacardiaceae Tree

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Palas Fabaceae Tree

Butea parviflora Cihut Fabaceae Climber

Calotropis gigantea R. Br. Akaon Asclepiadaceae Shrub

Carissa carandas L. Kanwar Apocynaceae Shrub

Cassia fistula L. Dharanj/Amaltash Caesalpiniaceae Tree

Cassia tora Chakor Fabaceae Herb

Cissampelos pareira L. Padh Menispermaceae Climber

Cordia dichotma Forst. L. Bahuar Ehertiaceae Tree

Cymbopogon martini Stapf. Nanha dudhe Poaceae Grass

Cynodon dactylon Pers. Dhoob Poaceae Grass

Cyperus rotundus L. - Cyperaceae Sedge


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Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sheesham Fabaceae Tree

Dendrocalamus stricus Nees Bans/Bamboo Poaceae Grass

Dichrostachys cinerea L. - Mimosaceae Shrub

Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Tend/Tiril Ebenaceae Tree

Elephantopus scaberL. - Asteraceae Herb

Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. sabai Poaceae Grass

Euphorbia hirta L. - Euphorbiaceae Herb

Ficus bengalensis L. Bar Moraceae Tree

Ficus religiosa L. Pipal Moraceae Tree

Ficus tomentosa Roxb. Barun Moraceae Tree

Flacourtia Ramontchi Salpani Flacourticeae Shrub

Gmelina arborea Gamhar Verbenaceae Tree

Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. Kher/Sauri Poaceae Grass

Holoptelea integrifolia Chilbil Ulmaceae Tree

Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders - Acanthaceae Herb

Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv. Ulu Poaceae Grass

Indigofera pulchela Jirhul Fabaceae Shrub

Ipomoea carnea Jacq. - Convolvulaceae Shrub

Justicia procumbens L. - Acanthaceae Herb

Kydia calycina Roxb. Puda Malvaceae Tree

Lannea coromandelica (Houttuyn) Merrill Genjan Anacaeaediac Tree

Lantana camara (L.) Moldenke. Putus Verbenaceae Shrub

Leonotis nepataiefolia R.Br. - Lamiaceae Herb

Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Mahua Sapotaceae Tree

Mangifera indica L. Aam Anacardiaceae Tree

Mimosa pudica L. - Mimosaceae Herb

Mukia maderaspatana Bilari Cucurbitaceae Climber

Parthenium histerophorus L. - Asteraceae Herb

Phoenix acaulis Roxb. Khejur Arecaceae Shrub

Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Kranj Fabaceae Tree

Pterocarpus marsupium Tree

Randia dumetorum Lamk Mowar Rubiaceae Shrub

Rubia cordifolia Jotsingh Rubiaceae Tree

Saccharum munja Roxb. Munj Poaceae Grass

Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken Kusum Sapindaceae Tree

Shorea robusta Roxb. Sal/ SaKhua Depterocarpaceae Tree

Sida acuta Burm.f. - Malvaceae Herb

Sida rhombifolia L. - Malvaceae Herb

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Solanum nigrum Makoi Solanaceae Herb

Solanum surattense Burm. f. - Solanaceae Herb

Sphaeranthus indicus L. - Asteraceae Herb

Tectona grandis L.f. Saguan Verbenaceae Tree

Terminalia arjuna Bedd. Arjun Combretaceae Tree


Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Bahera Combretaceae Tree

Terminalia tomentosa Heyre ex. Roth Asan Combretaceae Tree

Thespesia lampas Ban kapasi Malvaceae Shrub

Tridax procumbens L. - Asteraceae Herb

Vetiveria zizanoides Nash Khus-Khus Poaceae Grass

Vitex negundo L. Sindwar Verbenaceae Shrub

Vitis latifolia Khopri Vitaceae Climber

Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Dhawai Lythraceae Shrub

Xanthium indicum L. - Asteraceae Herb

Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Ber Rhamnaceae Tree

Zizyphus oenoplia Dhathora Rhamnaceae Shrub

Fauna: The number and species of wild animals are not in around the town. The project site

is mostly residential area and does not have any protected or reserved forest area. The site

also does not fall under India’s notified wild life sanctuaries and national parks. The huge

water body formed upstream of the barrage houses the dolphins. Upper Ganga stretch of

the river from Bijnor to Narora (165 km) is home to dolphins & forms a part of the RAMSAR

Site. WWF India has been working closely since late nineties with river bank communities

and aquatic species that could serve as a reliable indicator of the health of Ganga River.

While different strategies have been adopted by them from time to time, the focus has

always remained on the people & species.

The goal being to reduce the huge burden of pollution & other anthropogenic pressures that

Ganga River has borne particularly in the last few decades. The dolphin’s habitat parameters

in Ganga River

River stretch Kms Km Few Important Habitat Parameters

Mid Ganga River

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Table 17Dolphin habitat parameters in Upper Ganga River (Narora- Anupshahr)

With active participation of WWE (India) and based on their study during 2007-2009, the

population of dolphins in the study area between Bijnor and Narora was recorded to have

increased .The population of dolphins in the study area was recorded to have increase (44 in

2007; 49 in 2008; 56 in 2009) during the project period (2007-2009). This signifies that the

recruitment and growth pattern on the population is increasing. This is most likely because

of the improvement in habitat conditions, as well as in the water quality. A decrease in the

death rate betweenyear 2007-2009, could also be a factor as o death was recorded in this

stretch.

The total dolphin population in upper Ganga system up to October 2012 was 671 with

following distribution. Ganga-261, Yamuna -31, Chambal-85, Ghaghara-231, Rapti-8,

Geruwa-39, Saryu-16.

Narora –Anupshahr (Zone I) 0-30 Deep pools, sandy and muddy river bank island with vegetation

River depth 1.5-4.3 m

River width 200-800 m

River velocity 3.0-5.5 m/sec

Air temp. 10-42° C

Water temp 12-28°C

ph 7.05-8.70

Dissolved Oxygen 6-8 mg/l

Conductivity 200-250 µ S/cm

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The distribution of total dolphin population is shown in figure below.

5.6.3 Socio Economic Baseline

Socio-economic impact assessment of the study area of a project is pre-requisite before the

project is put into implementation. The study area consists of the core area where the

proposed project is expected to come up and a buffer area encircling the core area. The

government of India has since made mandatory a “likely impact assessment” study for all

types of upcoming and expansion projects. Socio-economic impact assessment is a

technique to get acquainted with social, cultural and economic conditions of stakeholders,

which includes individuals, groups, communities and organizations.

Figure 27Distribution of Dolphin in Upper Ganga System population up to October 2012 (source WWF)

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The total population of Anupshahr Town is 29700, the average house hold size (per house) is

6 and total no of households are 3,929. The sex ratio in town is 882 and sex ratio (0-6) is

877, the percentage of literacy rate is about 67.0 % and total no of literates are 13,380. As

per census of India 2011 total no of workers in town are 7,399 in which main workers are

6,170 and marginal workers are 1,229.

Area Profile of Anupshahr (MB) Town of Bulandshahar district, Uttar Pradesh state

Number of Households 3,929 Average Household Size(per Household) 6.0

Population-Total 23,795 Proportion of Urban Population (%) 100

Population-Rural 0 Sex Ratio 882

Population-Urban 23795 Sex Ratio(0-6 Year) 877

Figure 28 Socio-Economic Profile of the town

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Population(0-6Years) 3,746 Sex Ratio (SC) 877

SC Population 3,072 Sex Ratio (ST) 0.0

ST Population 0 Proportion of SC (%) 13.0

Literates 13,380 Proportion of ST (%) 0.0

Illiterates 10,415 Literacy Rate (%) 67.0

Total Workers 7,399 Work Participation Rate (%) 31.0

Main Worker 6,170 % of Main Workers 26.0

Marginal Worker 1,229 % of Marginal Worker 5.0

Non Worker 16,396 % of non-Workers 69.0

CL (Main+Marginal) 450 Proportion of CL (%) 6.0

Al (Main+Marginal) 424 Proportion of AL (%) 6.0

HHI (Main+Marginal) 621 Proportion of HHI (%) 8.0

OW (Main+Marginal) 5,904 Proportion of OW (%) 80.0

Source Census of India

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Demography of Anupshahr Town

The Population distribution of Anupshahr town in 25 different wards as per the 2011

population data is given below:-

Ward No Mohalla Population (2001) Population (2011)

1 Delhi Dwar and Meera Anshik 1035 1417

2 Nehru Ganj and Delhi Dwaar Anshik 790 766

3 Delhi Dwaar Anshik 939 1014

4 Delhi Dwaar 1151 1809

5 Nehru Ganj 1022 3011

6 Madaar Dwaar 1040 2019

7 Jama Masjid , Nehru Ganj Anshik 782 603

8 Nehru Ganj Anshik 946 540

9 Meera 784 804

10 Delhi Dwaar Anshik , Meera Anshik 1100 2434

11 Madaar Gate and Nehru Ganj anshik 958 533

12 Gadiyana Anshik , Mori gate Anshik 827 1294

13 Jatiyana (Khatiyana), Meera anshik 1071 976

14 Aahar Dwaar Anshik , Gadiyana Anshik 836 1135

15 Maanak Chowk Anshik , Ganga Dwaar Anshik 841 996

16 Imli bazar , Ravtaan , Pusht Mandi, Gadiyana Anshik 847 731

17 Chhatta , Ganga Dwaar Anshik 862 586

18 Aahar Dwaar Anshik , Garhi 817 1558

19 Parkotta , Aahar Dwaar Anshik 1079 871

20 Nagar Shaily , Manak Chowk Anshik 968 1079

21 Pokhar , khidki , Ganga Dwaar Anshik 1016 1373

22 Pavitra Puri 1030 1432

23 Bazar Kala , Bazar Delhi Dwaar , Purani Tehsil anshik 794 574

24 Purani Tehsil 1135 1415

25 Kedar Shah 1025 719

Total 23695 29700

Source: Nagar Parishad, Anupshahr

The total census population for the year 2011 is 29,700. This population data presented

above is tabulated on the basis of the information provided by the local authorities and the

supporting letter is attached as annexure 15 to this report. However, the present population

i.e. for the year 2013 is 32000.

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Anoopshahr

Figure 29 Density of Population in the town

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Cultural significance

The distance between Anupshahr and Bulandshahr is 42 km. Anupshahr is easily accessible

from Bulandshahr by a car or bus.

Anupshahr is quaint town located on the ghats of River Ganga in Bulandshahr district. Best

time to visit Anupshahr is in February, March, October, November and December.

Anupshahr is very popular with the pilgrims especially during annual festivals like Kartik

mela. Anupshahr has been dubbed as “Choti Kashi”. Locals conduct evening aartiand offer

prayers on the banks of River Ganga, pilgrims and locals take baths in the holy

river. Anupshahr has several Hindu temples and guest houses to accommodate the pilgrims

and tourists.

A grand Mela is organized on the eve of Kartik Poornima when peoples use to come for holy

snan in Ganges River & purchase their essential commodities by staying in Anupshahr

city.Besides of this Mela there is a Holy Snan on every Poornima & Amavashiya & Ganga

Dassera

Anupshahr holds testament to the bold uprising of the locals against the British during

India’s War of Independence. Anupshahr is an ancient town founded in the 17th century by

Raja Anup Rai and it reached its most prosperous era during the reign of King Tara Singh.

King Tara Singh made Anupshahr a significant hub for the practice of Ayurvedic medicine.

Legends have it that Anup Rai had saved the life of Emperor Jahangir during his lion

expedition, pleased the Emperor had gifted this area to Anup Rai. King Anup Rai then

established a town and fort in this area.

In historical background Great Maharshi Dayananda Saraswati was visited here in 18th

century to raise awareness against various social evils present in the current society at that

time.

Anupshahr have leading schools like "LDAV, JAYPEE VIDYA MANDIR" etc.

Colleges like State renowned "Durga Prasad Baljit Singh PG College" and

above all newly opened "Jaypee University".

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Two state highways is providing smooth connectivity to the city to other parts of UP.

Bridge over Ganga provides a quick connectivity to the area from northern parts like bandau,

Moradabad etc.

Figure 30 Mela pictures in Anupshahr

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Figure 31 Cultural Significance in the state

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Details of social survey

The approach and methodology followed for social baseline study as well as the social survey

has been discussed in the earlier Section of the report Consultation with stakeholder

consultations were performed during the field surveys to assess the situation and get the

feedback about the project from all the concerned stakeholders. Household owners & other

stake holders in 8 out of 11 wards were consulted, additionally other important set of

locals interviewed or consulted were pedestrians, shop-owners, school teachers, etc.

Some of these wards have academic and government institutions and most of them are

residential in land use.

All the local stakeholders were enthusiastic & had a positive gesture about the oncoming

sewerage project. Household’s survey were from both rich and poor localities. Most of the

household have access to drinking water facilities and electricity and some of the houses

have toilets as well, but since there is no sewerage system most of the waste water flows

directly in river Ganga. People, who were interacted with, were hopeful that the sewerage

scheme will improve the environment of the area & will have a positive impact on their

hygiene and health. They were also positive about taking sewer connections once the project

is implemented. They were also more concerned to do away with the present system of

discharging their waste water directly in the drain. They were hopeful that this would be

done away with after taking sewer connections & thus the overall environment of the town

would improve.

The Detailed analysis of the questionnaire is presented in the chapter 8 of this report.

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6 Environmental and Social Impacts

This section addresses the basic concepts and methodological approach for conducting a

scientifically based analysis of the potential impacts likely to accrue as a result of the

proposed project. The Impact Assessment for quite a few disciplines is subjective in nature,

and cannot be quantified. Wherever possible, the impacts have been quantified and

otherwise, qualitative assessment has been undertaken. The proposed sub-project consists

of activities which include:

• Construction of approximately 60 km (approx.) long sewerage network

including all required trunk/ branch/ lateral sewer for year 2048.

• Construction of main sewage pumping stations for year 2048.

• Construction of 2 sewage treatment plant of 1.5 and 1 MLD capacity for year

2028.

Pollution abatement projects may prove beneficial for the environment and society or they

may have some adverse impacts as well. Planners and decision makers have realized the

importance of understanding the consequences of any such projects on both environmental

and social sectors, and have started taking steps to avoid any adverse impacts. Based on the

major findings obtained from the field visits and secondary data analysis, the possible

environmental and social issues with reference to the proposed sewer works in Anupshahr

has been discussed in these sections.

6.1 Environmental Impacts

The proposed project of sewer works in town would influence the environment in three

distinct phases:

During Designing phase

During the construction phase which would be temporary and short term;

During the operation phase which would have long term effects

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6.1.1 Design and Development Phase

Sewer lines

All sewer lines including trunk, lateral and branch sewer lines must be designed considering

the future population and waste generation rate. Otherwise the constructed sewer may not

carry the waste load, leading to failure and financial loss. The alignment of sewer lines and

sewerage pumping station must be properly planned; else it may lead to both technical and

social problems along with environmental issues of back flow creating foul smell and

unhygienic conditions.

Sewerage Treatment Plant

Selection of a suitable technology for sewage treatment is governed by many factors such as

the location of STP, availability of land area, raw sewerage characteristics, capacity of plant,

required effluent quality, proven technology and reliability of process, intended disposal

method or reusing the treated effluent, capital cost, O&M requirement and other local

factors.

Comparative analysis of various technologies considered for selection is given in Table 6.1.

Table 18Comparative analysis of various sewage treatment technologies

Parameter Lagoons Extended

Aeration SBR MBR

MBBR & SAFF

UASB+EA

Foot prints High High Medium Low Low Medium

Energy Consumption

Low High Medium (KWH 1-1.5/m3)

Medium (KWH 1-1.5/m3)

High High

(KWH 0.5/m3)

(KWH 1.8-2.0/m3)

(KWH 1.5-1.8/m3)

(KWH 1.5-1.8/m3)

Operational issues

Low High High Medium High High

Capital cost Low Medium Medium High Medium Medium

Operation cost

Low High Medium Medium Medium Medium

(Rs. 10-15 /m3)

(Rs. 20-25 /m3)

(Rs. 15-18 /m3)

(Rs. 15-20 /m3)

(Rs. 15-20 /m3)

(Rs. 15-20 /m3)

Manual attention

Low High Medium Low High High

Sludge Generation

Low High Medium Medium Medium Medium

Efficiency BOD Removal

60-80% 90-95% 90-95% 95-98% 90-95% 90-95%

Hydraulic Retention

3-7 Days 24-28 Hrs NA 8-10 Hrs 10-12 Hrs 18-28 Hrs

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Time

Sludge Age (SRT In Days)

NA 20-30 days 30-40 Days

30-40 Days

NA 20-30 days

BOD Loading Rate (Kg/m3/Day)

0.03-0.05 0.3-0.4 NA 0.6-0.8 0.5-0.6 0.3-0.4

F:M NA 0.05-0.15 NA 0.05-0.15

NA 0.05-0.15

Oxygen Requirement (ppm)

Natural Oxygen

0.2-0.4 ppm NA 0.2-0.4 ppm

0.2-0.4 ppm 0.2-0.4 ppm

6.1.2 Impacts during construction phase

The proposed sub-project consists of two major activities which include:

Construction of approximately 60 kms (approx.) long sewerage network including all

required trunk/ branch/ lateral sewer.

Intermediate Sewage Pumping Station

The construction activities would generally include earthworks (excavation, filling,

shuttering, compacting), temporary diversion of existing sewer lines, civil construction

(sewer lines, STP, SPS, etc) and E & M installation and commissioning. The impacts of these

construction stage activities on the various environmental parameters are examined below:

6.1.2.1 Environmental sensitive areas

Based on observations and findings from field visits, interaction with government officials

and consultation with local residents, an assessment of the environmentally and ecologically

sensitive areas was made (Refer to screening checklist Table 1).

The project area falls under Ramsar site which is a sensitive area from the ecological point

of view, but it is not a protected area under wildlife protection act 1972. Prior to

implementation of the proposed project, the previous study of WWF indicates that:

1. The number of Dolphin from 2007 to 2009 has increased between Bijnor to Narora

along Ganga main stream 44 to 56.

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2. D.O. level of river Ganga at Narora upstream and downstream of the main drain

discharging into it is 6.8 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l respectively which is within the

Dolphin habitat parameter

Therefore even with the present condition, the project area provides a preferred

habitat location for Dolphins and it is expected that with the treatment of waste water

the habitat condition for dolphin will further improve and hence the project overall

will have a positive impact.

As explained in section 5.1.10 of baseline environment status, town does not have any flora

and fauna components; there are no nearest eco-sensitive areas such as National Park and

wild life sanctuaries within a 100 km from the proposed project site. However the region has

small residential parks and road side trees, which will not be affected by the proposed

sewer works, since the sewers are planned to be laid in the middle of the road and will not

pass through these areas. With regard to sensitive aquatic areas and water bodies, there are

none. It was also observed that the major land use pattern of town is residential, with no

agricultural and no forest areas.

6.1.3 Air quality

Based on the field observation and interaction/consultation with stake-holders, it is

expected that the levels of dust (RSPM and SPM), carbon mono- oxide (CO), hydrocarbons

and NOx (NO &NO2) is likely to increase during the construction phase mainly because of:

Excavation, backfilling, compaction activity and movement of vehicles on un-paved

roads (increases dust level)

Vehicle exhausts from construction machinery and from light and heavy vehicles for

transportation of pipes and construction material like cement, etc (increases NO2).

Use of portable diesel generators and other fuel fired machinery, and (increases CO).

6.1.4 Noise levels

The proposed construction activities are expected to increase the noise levels mainly due to

plying of construction vehicles, pumping machines, use of portable generators, mechanical

machinery such as cranes, riveting machines, hammering etc. These activities will occur

round the clock and the noise pollution thus created may affect human habitations,

particularly during the night time. Increase of noise level at night may produce disturbances,

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causing sleeplessness in people in the vicinity of the site in case construction activity is

extended into the night hours. As per the baseline environmental status, the noise levels in

town are expected to be within permissible limits as the area is mostly residential and has

limited commercial, and no industrial area. Facilities that are expected to feel the temporary

impacts more than others include schools/colleges.

6.1.5 Water resources

From field visits, interactions and consultations, it was found that there were no water

bodies in the project area. The natural drainage channels of the project area are likely to be

affected in the following ways:

Direct discharge from construction activities - If the construction wastes and

construction related material are not properly handled/ managed, then certain

impurities like suspended particles, pollutants like oil, grease, cement etc, may find

their way to the river, storm drains during rainfall. There may also be temporary

blockage of drains due to unmanaged material and construction debris.

Flooding is likely during monsoon as drainage paths could be obstructed and

redirected by the debris; this concern was also voiced by residents. During

construction of sewerage works in town, there may be flooding due to the already

blocked state of drains and nalas, due to poor solid waste management.

The excavation activities will be carried out up to a depth of 8 m or so, and will not

impact the groundwater levels of the region since a provision for dewatering and

lowering of water table has been made in the detailed project report.

6.2 Impacts during operation phase

6.2.1SENSITIVE AREA

The project area falls under Ramsar site for which necessary management plan

is being prepared by the forest to department. The expected impacts from the

operation phase of the project is mostly positive to the Dolphin habitat since the

water quality of Ganga is expected to be further improved from the project

(which is at present having DO level in the range of 6.6-6.8mg/l). However, care

need to be taken to ensure that the noise level from various project facilities like

SPS, STPs are well within the permissible limits for the sensitive area as per the

guidelines of CPCB.

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As part of the NGRBA programme, Dolphin status surveys are proposed in UP and are in

process of sanctioning which will also be repeated by the forest department on regular interval

(one in 3 years). The present Dolphin concentration in the area (23 in number) will thereby to

be monitored by these status surveys. Corrective actions may need to be taken if Dolphin

number are decreased over a period of time.

6.2.2 Water environment

Water resources in the project area would be the most positively benefited by the

sanitation project since additional sewage will now be routed to the STP. Therefore proper

operation and maintenance mechanism must be followed for efficient working of the

system. The probably environmental impacts related to water during operation stage may

include unpredictable events such as:

Temporary flooding of adjacent areas due to accidental leakages/bursts and also

due to blockages and backlogging of lines.

Water pollution and possibility of mixing with water supply line due to leakages/

overflows from the sewer lines.

Impairment of receiving water quality in surface/sub-surface source due to

inadequate /inefficient sewage treatment process.

6.2.4 Noise and air quality

Improper handling and irregular maintenance of operating machines including pumps,

generators, air diffusers, etc. may lead to increased noise pollution during operation

activity. There will also be minimization of gas being emitted from the sewage drains, since

during operation, most of the works will be laid underground.

6.3 Potential Social Impacts

The proposed project of sewer works in town would influence the social sector in a distinct

phase of construction period which would be temporary and short term.

6.3.1 Social Impacts

6.3.1.1 Impact on human health

One of the potential impacts of the proposed sub-projects will be on the air quality due to

the dust generated during excavation and tunneling. The amount of dust generated will

depend upon the level of digging and the prevailing weather conditions and can have an

adverse impact on the health of the persons residing or working near the project sites. Since

135

the town has more of residential land use, the number of people who will be affected is

more. Residential population includes more vulnerable groups such as the elderly and

children.

The main residential areas of Anupshahr is given below:-Delhi Dwar, Meera Anshik, Nehru

Ganj, Delhi Dwaar Anshik, Nehru Ganj, Madaar Dwaar, Jama Masjid , Nehru Ganj

AnshikMeeraDelhi Dwaar Anshik , Meera AnshikMadaar Gate and Nehru Ganj anshik

6.3.1.2 Traffic Congestion

Due to the excavation work which will take place on the main roads of the city, there will be a

disturbance in the traffic movement. People may suffer some inconvenience during the

morning and evening peak hours. This issue is discussed in the DPR, and suggests de-routing

of the traffic as the mitigation measure.

6.3.1.3 Impact on livelihood

The excavation and tunneling work will lead to road blockage and as a result the commercial

establishments and vendors will have some trouble in operating their business on daily

basis. But there will be no loss of livelihood. Ambulatory vendors can very well shift their

place as and when required. So, overall no loss of livelihood is anticipated during the survey.

6.3.1.4 Impact on existing utility services

The road opening activities may damage the underground water pipelines or electricity poles

in the vicinity of the site for the proposed sub-projects. This will lead to water supply

interruptions, disruption in electricity supply and will involve expensive repair costs.

Flooding of areas could also occur. Officials of UP Jal Nigam stated that they receive some

complaints about water line brakeage during the construction phase. With no other

alternative source readily available, people have to buy water from private tanks or buy

bottled water for drinking purpose till the time service is restored to normal. The DPR also

notes impacts on utility services as a potential issue.

6.3.1.5 Elevated Noise Levels

Increase in noise pollution due to construction from construction equipment. This will

disturb residences, and especially schools and institutes in and around Civil Lines area,

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Medical College area, etc. For elderly and students, noise is disturbing and affects their

comfort. This could be a problem especially in sensitive areas like school and hospitals.

6.3.1.6 Failure to Restore Temporary Construction Sites

Excessive debris, trash or construction remnants (e.g. dirt piles) would create problems

related to drainage, unhygienic conditions and poor aesthetics; however, clean-up and

debris clearance is budgeted in the DPR so this should not be a concern.

6.3.1.7 Land Acquisition

No land acquisition is proposed in this project hence no relocation would be needed.

6.3.1.8 REUSE OF TREATED EFFLUENT

Based on the enthusiasm and readiness the farmers shows during various

consultations, meeting conducted with them to discuss the issue of reuse the treated

effluent for irrigation purpose, it is clearly evident that the effluent will be recycled.

The network for achieving the 50 % of treated waste water used for irrigation purpose

in first five years and 100 % reuse of next 5 years of operation period will be adopted.

The required written consent from potential end users has already taken. Provision to

use is being made in the mitigation and management plan.

6.3.1.9 DISPOSAL OF STP SLUDGE

The sludge collected from STP will be stack within STP campus for short duration,

which will ultimately be sold/ distributed to farmers as manure. After drying, the

composted sludge as a soil conditioner in agriculture and horticulture returns carbon,

nitrogen, phosphorus essential for plant growth. Reuse may still be possible for

purposes such as highway landscaping or for landfill cover.

The garbage, brick bats, polyethylene waste screen out at screen chamber of pumping

stations will be screen out periodically and collected in the campus to dry. This waste

ultimately disposed of at solid waste disposal site as designated by Nagar Palika

Anupshahr.

Conclusion

Based on the overall secondary data analysis and field investigation, the proposed project is

expected to benefit the Anupshahr town, as the wastewater that currently flows untreated

into the Ganga river will be captured, treated and the remainder of the treated effluent will

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be allowed to flow into the river. The likely

beneficial impacts of the projects include

• Improvement in sewerage collection and

treatment within the cities/towns

• Prevention of storm drains carrying sanitary

sullage or dry weather flow

• Prevention of ground water and soil

pollution due to infiltration of untreated liquid waste

• Prevention of discharge of untreated sewage

into River Ganga

• Improvement in water quality of River Ganga,

a national resource

• Improvement in environmental sanitation

health and reduction in associated health

hazards within the cities/towns

• Improvement in quality of life, human dignity and increased productivity

• Reduced nuisance of open defecation due to low cost sanitation and reduced malarial

risks and other health hazards

Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental impacts,

but will have temporary impacts, that can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans.

However, the large environmental benefit of the project greatly outweighs the temporary

inconveniences.

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7 Mitigation and Management Plan

7.1 Environmental Management Plan

Table 24 summarizes the environmental management plan for low category investment that

identifies the potential issues of various activities that are anticipated in the design and

development, construction, and operation phases of the proposed sewer work in

Anupshahr. The environmental management plan ensures to suggest appropriate mitigation

measure against the issues/ concerns identified during the environmental and social

assessment study.

In general, the Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam (with assistance from Contractor and Independent

Engineer/Supervision Consultant) is the responsible entity for ensuring that the mitigation

measures as suggested in the ESMP. The roles and responsibilities of the involved institutes

are described below.

7.1.1 Implementation of EMP Specific activities by Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam

The role of Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam in the implementation of EMP involves the following

activities:

EMP clearance from NMCG and World Bank and disclosure as required;

Integrating the EMP in the bid document of contractor as an addendum;

7.2 Implementation of EMP

The contractor shall be responsible to implement the EMP primarily in assistance with

theProject Management Consultant team. The Environmental Specialist from the

IndependentEngineer / Supervision Consultant shall monitor the compliance of the EMP and

all the designdrawings of various civil structures shall be implemented after his approval.

The State, local Government will be responsible for Coordination, Monitoring and

evaluation ofthe Environment Management Plan. It should ensure all the safeguarding plans

are in line andacted upon. Contractor shall report the implementation of the Environment

Management Plan tothe Environmental Expert and the Project management consultant as

well as to Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam through monthly reports. Further a quarterly report is

required to be preparedand required to be given to National Mission for Clean Ganga

(NMCG) for the progress made inimplementing the Environment Management Plan.

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Feedback from the local residents can also be taken from time to time to cross check the

contractor’s report. Project management consultants should make inspection visits at

construction site to check the implementation of Environment Management Plan as per the

contract.

Environment Management Plan

Table 19 Environment Management Plan

Activity Potential Negative Impact/Concern

Duration of impact

Mitigation Measures Responsible agency

Sewerage and Sanitation Investments

A. Design and Development Phase

Sewage treatment plant

Treated water disposal into nearby stream Ganga

Pollution of receiving water body (river) or land due to insufficienttreatment or nonoperation of STP

Temporary The treated water quality shall comply with the prescribed NRCD standards of the bid document and other applicable conditions of consent to establishissued by the state pollution control board.

Parameters NRCD standards

TSS mg/l <20

BOD5 at 20°Cmg/l

<20

Selection of best available sewage treatment technology with High BOD removal efficiency.

Ensuring development and compliance to standard operation and maintenance practices.

Provision of effective screening at inlet of STP for removal of grit, fine plastics and other suspended solids

Provision of effective separation

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and controlled disposal of digested sludge

Provision effective disinfection before discharge of treated water for irrigation or to river.

STP Breakdown

Discharge of untreated sewage leading river pollution.

Temporary Provision of adequate holding capacity adequate for storage of sewage to prevent flow of untreated sewage to river.

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Flooding of STP area

Rain water may flood the STP area in absence of adequate provision of diverting rain water flow towards STP.

Temporary Suitable drainage provision shall be made to divert the rain water likely to be accumulated from peripheral catchment area of STP, to natural drainage stream or area.

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Sludge disposal

Disposal of sludge leading to contamination of land and water.

Permanent Efficient sludge dewatering with minimum land requirement shall be adopted.

Provision shall be made for intermittent storage of digested sludge at STP site.

Digested sludge shall be utilized as manure or disposed to suitable site as approved by DBO engineer.

If disposal is made in a land fill site, then it shall be located away from habitation and water bodies and shall be pre-approved by concerned authorities like

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Municipal Corporation, Pollution Control Board or Urban Development Authority.

Provision for safety of workers and safe operation of STPs

injury or death of workers (Fall of workers from Height, Fall into deep water tanks, Short Circuiting)

and fall in walk ways or work areas

gas such as Chlorine

Permanent All electric switches (including unit specific on-off switches installed at respective units) and panels shall have adequate protection from rain water to prevent short circuiting Proper earthling with installation of earth circuit breakers shall be made Walk ways designs shall be made with proper slope to avoid accumulation of rain water. Material handling and storage shall be so designed that walk way surface remains free from wet or oil surface situation to prevent slips, trip or fall accidents.

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Location of STP

fly nuisancehazards toneighboringareas.

Permanent Ensure minimum noise generation at STP

Minimize Tree cutting if involved. Tree plantation of around the periphery of STP site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour with large canopy/ broad leaves trees. Species of plants shall be finalized with local office of Forest Department.

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Criteria for selecting species are: - plant should be fast

growing; - preferably perennial and

evergreen; - indigenous; - resistant to SPM pollution,

and - should maintain the

ecological and hydrological balance of the region. The general consideration involved while developing the greenbelt are:

- Trees growing upto 10 m or above in height with perennial foliage should be planted around the perimeter of the proposed project area.

- Trees should also be planted along the road side in such a way that there is dust control.

- Generally fast growing trees should be planted.

- Since, the tree trunk area is normally devoid of foliage upto a height of 3 m, it may

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be useful tohave shrubbery in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion.

Main sewage pumping station

Pumping of sewage to STP

nuisance hazards to neighboring areas.

Permanent Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station inSPS by use of less noise generating equipment meetingprescribed noise standards as applicable and enclosedgenerators.

No Tree cutting is involved. Tree plantation aroundthe periphery of SPS site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour with large canopy/ broad leaves trees like Shisham, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.

Accumulated screenings and grit in each SPM to be cleaned on a daily basis. Spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated material to reduce odour, if it is not being cleaned on a daily basis due to same exigencies.

Provision for regular maintenance and switching offequipment when not in use.

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Sewage treatment plant and main sewage pumping station

Excavation Loss of topsoil due to excavation activities.

Temporary Excavation shall be planned in such a manner that such that no damage occurs to existing structures.

Top soil shall be separately stockpiled and utilized for green belt development or landscaping after completion of work

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Construction waste Temporary Excess soil generated from various construction activities shall be proper disposed in low lying areas, other than water bodies.

All construction vehicles, parking location, fuel / lubricant storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance will be located at least 500m from rivers and irrigation canal /ponds.

Normally, muck is disposed in low-lying areas or depressions. Trees, if any, are cut before muckdisposal, however, shrubs, grass or other types of undergrowth in the muck disposal at sites perish. The total area required for muck/sludge/solid waste disposalfor year 2045 is 1 ha.

The dumping of muck will be done

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in the scientific manner by providing appropriate protection walls with deep foundations so that muck will not flow and washed away in the river. Masonry work and crate work will also be provided wherever necessary in order to avoid thechances of soil erosion and to ensure flow of silt, free water. Besides these engineering measures, proper plantation will be done at the dumping sites for reclamation of the dumping areas.

Muck generally lacks nutrients and therefore, is difficult to re-vegetate. However, if no attempts to vegetate the slopes are made, the muck could slide lower down during rain and may eventually wash off the protective measures also. Bio-fertilizer technique developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) can be adopted in the proposed project.

It is recommended that bituminous waste to be disposed at approved waste disposal sites,

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which shall be finalized in consultation with district administration and regional offices.

Soil Erosion Temporary Provision of garland drain along construction site, to divert runoff to sumps for storage and settling of separated solids.

The required protective work i.e. formation of traces, construction of garland drains outside the periphery of dump followed by settling tank to avoid wash off.

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Nuisance due to domestic solid waste disposal

Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable wastes are collected in segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable material shall be sold. Non-recyclable material shall be disposed to designated landfill area of the city.

Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction sites.

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Dust Generation due to construction Activities

Temporary Excavated material transported by trucks will be covered and/or wetted to prevent dust nuisance.

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Suppressing dust generation by spraying water on stockpiles and unpaved movement areas

Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas and stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction material through covered trucks.

Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area for containing dust spread.

Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and carry Pollution under Control certificate

Temporary flooding due to uneven dumping of construction waste

Temporary The construction waste material shall be stored on higher areas of the site and or areas where water may not accumulate creating flooding like situation

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Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small spills collection pit.

All location and lay-out plans of

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such sites will be submitted prior to the establishment and will be approved by the Engineer.

Ensure that all vehicle / machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refueling will be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground.

Arrangement for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal sites (list to be submitted to Engineer) and approved by the Engineer. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF Engineer will certify that all arrangements comply with

Noise and vibration disturbances to residents and businesses

Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior intimation to local residents and shop keepers.

Vehicles to be equipped with mufflers recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.

Staging of construction equipment and unnecessary idling of equipment within noise

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sensitive areas to be avoided whenever possible.

Operators of heavy machinery and workers in near vicinity will be provided with ear plugs and other protective measures for safety.

Notification will be given to residents within 300 feet (about 90 to 100 m) of major noise generating activities.

The notification will describe the noise abatement measures that will be implemented.

Monitoring of noise levels will be conducted during the construction phase of the project. In case of exceeding of pre-determined acceptable noise levels by the machinery will require the contractor(s) to stop work and remedy the situation prior to continuing construction.

Use of low noise and vibrating equipment (such as enclosed generators with mufflers, instruments with built in vibration dampening and improved exhaust), to meet standards as

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prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB1).

Provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for construction workers.

Provision of noise barriers as feasible in inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.

The maximum permissible sound pressure level shall be75 dB(A) at a distance of 1 m from the source.

Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA

Maximum equivalent continuous noise level

dB(A)

Unprotected exposure period

per day for 8 hrs/day and 5

days/week

90 8

92 6

95 4

97 3

100 2

102 1-1/2

105 1

107 ½

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110 ¼

115 1/8

Noise from the DG set shall be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating the enclosure acoustically.

The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room shall be designed for minimum 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the higher side.

The DG set shall also be provided with proper exhaust Muffler to attenuate noise level by at-least 25 dB(A).

Efforts will be made to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside its premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper sitting and control measures.

A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set shall be formulated and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent noise levels of the

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DG set from deteriorating with use.

General: safety during construction

Safety and Health Hazard

Safety hazards to labours and public

Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company and ambulance services nearby to the site.

Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised and adequately instructed.

Follow safe practices for working at height or confined area or underground working for safety of workers.

Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed construction works warn the publicand traffic flow of the inherent dangers.

Provide adequate PPE to workers such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workersProvide handrails on both sides of walkways close to

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deeper tanks and STPs need to be ensured;

Smaller on and off switches at STP units to be installed with protection from rain water to minimize electrical short circuit;

Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner

Construction camps (if adopted)

Sanitation Nuisance due to absence of facility of sanitation and solid waste management

Temporary Labour camp if provided, must have

adequate provision of shelter, water

supply, sanitation and solid waste

management

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General: Traffic control

Traffic control

Inconvenience to public Temporary During construction phase, planks/makeshift pathways shall be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities.

Contractor shall deploy more work forces for speedy completion of activities in these areas.

Shopkeepers will be informed prior to construction along the commercial areas.

Activities requiring maximum

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access control to be done during non-peak hours.

Excavation along the road to be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time.

Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate sign boards.

Trenching and pipe laying along the traffic routes will be planned and integrated to avoid retrenching/ modifying trench during pipe laying along the same line.

Work shall proceed on schedule so as to minimize road closures

Upon project completion, quick clearance of debris, etc. will facilitate access by customers to local business and residents to their households Placement of traffic officers at busy intersections to facilitate easy of movement. Prior public notice indicating the date of start of construction and end date of construction should be provided

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road-wise to the locals, allowing them to make adjustments accordingly

Damage to existing utilities

Buildings / Water Supply pipe / Electric line etc.

Damage to underground utilities like water, gas line, electricity and telephone conduits etc. due to construction activities.

Temporary Buildings of risk will be identified prior to construction

Review all available drawings, notes, and information on the existing underground lines and structures in determining the location of the existing facilities.

Concerned authorities shall be informed and their assistance sought to remove, relocate and restore services of these utilities prior to commencement of construction.

All these underground utilities encountered in excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and protected from injury or interruption of service until backfill is complete and settlement has taken place.

Local population shall be made aware of timing/location of all construction, enabling them to respond swiftly to supply disruption, especially in the event

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of flooding, etc.

Minimal time for replacement operations; and appropriate scheduling as necessary especially for water supply line

Operation Phase

Sewage treatment plant and Sewage pumping station

Treatment and Disposal of Treated Water and Sludge

River, land or ground water pollution due to discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage due to inadequate or inefficient STP operations.

Permanent Monitor the treated sewage quality and ensure compliance with PCB standards for effluent disposal into surface water bodies, on land or for the agricultural use.

Follow standard operating procedures for operation and maintenance.

Undertake periodic audit as per these procedures.

Comply with all applicable condition of consent to operate Quarterly monitoring of influent sewage, treated sewage, upstream and downstream point of treated sewage disposal point to river.

Quarterly monitoring of influent sewage, treated sewage, upstream and downstream point of treated sewage disposal point to river, to ensure thatNRCD standards of water quality BOD<20 mg/l and SS <30 mg/l mentioned under the design and development phase of this table are met.

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Problems arising due to bad odour, insects, polluted air.

Temporary Maintain the green belt as per provision of design to prevent spread of bad odour with large canopy/ broad leaves trees like Shisham, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared within 24 hours and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.

Quarterly monitoring of Ambient Air Quality with respect to PM10, PM2 5, S02 and N02, CO and Odour at three locations (at STP site, minimum 500 m away from STP site in up-wind and down-wind direction of STP area.

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Increase in Ambient Noise Level and discomfort to neighboring people

Temporary Proper handling and regular maintenance of operating machines including pumps, generators, air diffusers, etc.

Quarterly Monitoring of Ambient Noise level to check compliance to standards.

Quarterly monitoring of ambient noise levels (day and night) at same locations as of ambient air monitoring

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Indiscriminate disposal of sludge leading to contamination of land and soil.

Temporary Prepare sludge disposal plan as per desire stage provisions and guidelines and adhere to the same.

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Main pumping station

Waste Handling

Bad odour, Health hazard and public nuisance

Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid waste to minimize odour nuisance

Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned

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Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to designated land fill sites of the city.

General Safety

Workers exposure to hazardous materials/ situations

Serious/health/safety hazards

Temporary Safety shoes or boots with non-slip soles will be provided to the workers at site Personal protective equipment and chemical resistant clothing to avoid exposure of skin or eyes to corrosive and/or polluted solids, liquids, gases or vapors Electrical equipment for safety before use will be checked; verified that all electric cables are properly insulated Safety goggles will be provided to operators in all cases where the eyes may be exposed to dust, flying particles, or splashes of harmful liquids Respirator or gas mask will be provided to workers when exposed to harmful aerosols, dusts, vapors or gases Extreme care will be taken when handling highly corrosive agents such as liquid or gaseous chlorine, concentrated acids or alkalis, or when toxic gases may be emitted from the reagents, etc. Workers will not be allowed to smoke, eat or drink in areas where chemical or biological contamination may be expected All workers will undergo periodic examinations by occupational physician to reveal early symptoms of possible chronic effects or allergies Follow safety measures and Emergency preparedness plan evolved

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at design stage

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Table 20 Environmental Management Plan for Sewerage Network in Anupshahr


Duration of impact

Mitigation Measures Responsible Agency

Sewerage and Sanitation Investments

A. Design and Development Phase Sewerage Network (Trunk Sewer Line)

Accidental leakages/ bursts

• Due to accidental burst or leakage of sewers, flooding of the nearby areas

• Backlogging due to unexpected heavy flow rates

Temporary • Design sewers with adequate capacity and flow velocity

• Provision for regular inspection and maintenance of the sewers

• Selection of appropriate location away from sensitive locations such as schools and hospitals.

• For pipelines laid in areas close to river Ganga, there could be increased vulnerability to accidental burst or leakage of sewers, due to uplift pressure. In sites, suitable anchoring measures to prevent uplift need to be commissioned as a part of structural design of the sewers. In such, areas frequency of inspection of sewers need to be increased and in such sites, inspection should be conducted at least once in a month.

• Preparation of safety and Emergency Preparedness plan

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Sewage Pumping Station

Location of Sewage Pumping Station and Pumping of sewage from SPS to STP

• Noise and odour nuisance hazards to neighboring areas. Cutting of Trees

Permanent • Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station in SPS by use of less noise generating equipment meeting prescribed noise standards as applicable and enclosed generators.

• Minimize Tree cutting if involved. Tree plantation around the periphery of SPS site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour with large canopy/ broad

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leaves trees like Shisham, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.

• Accumulated screenings and grits to be cleaned at short intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated screenings and grits to reduce odour.

• Provision for regular maintenance and switching off equipment when not in use.

Construction Phase

Sewerage (laying of sewers) and Sewage Pumping station

Excavation, cutting, back filling, compaction and construction operations

Damage to underground utilities like water, gas line, electricity and telephone conduits etc. due to construction activities.

Temporary • Identify existing underground other utility structures, lines through available records and in consultation with concerned authorities and plan construction activities accordingly to minimize damage to such utilities. These underground utilities encountered in excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and protected from damage or interruption of service until backfill is complete and settlement has taken place.

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Accidents/ damages due to erosion/ sliding of vertical sides of excavated trenches while places the pipes

Temporary • Maintaining the excavation by Shoring trench sides by placing sheeting, timber shores, trench jacks, bracing, piles, or other materials

• Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized by making the sloping sides of trench to the angle of repose at which the soil will remain safely at rest.

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Generation of substantial debris, top soil and muck during construction

Temporary • Top soil shall be preserved and may be used for agricultural purpose or development of city parks.

• Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and landscaping;

• Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas after placing

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the trunk sewer lines. Dust Generation (Air

Pollution) due to excavation, cutting, back filling and compaction operations

Temporary • Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas and stockpiles.

• Transportation of loose construction material through covered trucks.

• Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area for containing dust spread at SPS building construction site.

• Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and carry Pollution under Control certificate.

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Noise and vibration disturbances to residents and businesses

Temporary • Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior intimation to local residents and shop keepers.

• Construction work near schools and colleges to be carried out during vacations and work near hospitals to be completed on priority basis (in shorter time period with alternate provision of traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.).

• Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting prescribed noise standards.

• Provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for construction workers.

• Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc. • DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure

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Temporary flooding due to excavation during monsoons or blockage of surface drains

Temporary • Stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms

• Stockpiles to be done in high areas to avoid flow in storm water run-off channels and erosion.

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Increased traffic inconvenience (emissions, congestions, longer travel times, blockage of access)

Temporary • Alternate traffic routing must be adopted in consultation with concerned traffic police authorities. Proper traffic planning be made for narrow lane areas.

• Work should to be completed on priority near business and market place to minimize business loss.

• Care should be taken to minimize congestion and negative impacts at schools and hospitals. Safe access shall be maintained to these places during construction. Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be required to facilitate normal life and business

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Settlement of backfilled area after construction

Temporary • The backfilling material shall be free from petroleum products, slag, cinders, ash or other material.

• Backfilling activity shall be completed within five days of laying of sewer.

• Proper compaction as per the soil condition and retain the original level of alignment and grade.

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Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small spills collection pit.

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Nuisance due to solid waste disposal

Temporary • Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.

• Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste is collected in segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be disposed for designated land fill area of the city. • Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction sites.

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Impact in sensitive area Temporary The project area falls under Ramsar site which is

a sensitive area; the management plan for the

same is being prepared by UP forest department;

During construction measures to be taken to

ensure that muck, debris generated from the

construction activities are strictly prohibited for

its entry to river Ganga; necessary signages,

barricades (if construction along Ganga is

envisaged) to be given at specific locations;

High noise in the project area need to be

controlled and hence sheet piling to be avoided

Construction vehicles need to have silencers to

minimize honking noise;

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General: safety during construction

Accidents Safety hazards to labours and public

Temporary • Comply with the Occupational health and Safety Act of India

• Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company and ambulance services nearby to the site.

• Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised and adequately instructed.

• Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the

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inherent dangers. • Provide adequate safety precautions

such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.

Operation Phase

Sewer line Leakage/ overflows

Water pollution and possibility of mixing with water supply line

Temporary • Regular monitoring of sewer line and manholes for visible leakages/ overflows. Immediate repair operation for the damaged portion of sewer line. De-siltation of blocked sewers/ manholes with sewage pumping machines-storing and disposal at appropriate refusal area after treatment.

E Ensure proper covering of manhole and avoid dumping of solid waste to prevent chocking of sewer line.

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Sewage Pumping Station

Waste Handling Bad odour, Health hazard and public nuisance

Temporary • Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid waste to minimize odour nuisance

• Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned

• Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to disposal site as approved by DBO engineer.

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Sewage Cleaning Equipment

Extracted Sewage Sludge handling and cleaning equipment maintenance waste handling

Bad odour, Health hazard and public nuisance and possible land contaminations

Temporary • Ensure that extracted sewage sludge collected during sewers cleaning are disposed to disposal site as approved by DBO engineer.

• Sewage solids shall not be disposed on road sides or non-designated areas.

• Equipment cleaning waste shall be disposed to public sewer or STP inlet for treatment

• Waste oil if any generated shall be separately collected. It shall be sold to authorized waste oil recyclers.

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Impact in sensitive area Temporary The project area falls under Ramsar site which is

a sensitive area; the management plan for the

same is being prepared by UP forest department;

Further to monitor the baseline Dolphin

population, a status survey is being planned by

UP forest department which will be repeated

after every 3 years;

Dolphins are sensitive to noise levels and hence

care to be taken that the noise from pumping and

other activities at SPS, STP are controlled

through some enclosures, noise mufflers;

The sewage and STP sludge should be strictly

prohibited from disposing them directly to river

Ganga

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General Safety Workers exposure to toxic gases in sewers and hazardous materials during sewer maintenance work

• Serious/health/ safety hazards

• The toxic gases are likely to contract communicable diseases from exposure to pathogens present in the sewage.

Temporary • During cleaning/ maintenance operation, the sewer line will be adequately vented to ensure that no toxic or hazardous gases are present in the line.

• Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.

• Follow safety and Emergency Preparedness plan prepared at design stage Monthly reporting of all accidents and

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immediate reporting to DBO engineer and owner.

7.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The Environmental Monitoring Programme has been detailed out in Table 7.3.

Successful implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Program is contingent on

the following:

The Project Management Consultant (PMC) along with Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam to

request the Contractor to commence all the initial tests for monitoring (i.e. for Air,

Water Quality and Noise Levels) early in the Contract to establish 'base' readings (i.e.

to assess the existing conditions prior to effects from the Construction activities

being felt);

The PMC along with Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam to request the Concessionaire /

Contractor to submit for approval a proposed schedule of subsequent periodic tests

to be carried out;

Monitoring by the PMC's Environmental Officer of all the environmental monitoring

tests and subsequent analysis of results;

Where indicated by testing results, and any other relevant on-site conditions, PMC

to instruct the Concessionaire / Contractor to:

o Modify the testing schedule (dates, frequency);

o Modify (add to or delete) testing locations;

o Verify testing results with additional testing as/if required;

o Require recalibration of equipment, etc., as necessary; and,

o Request the Concessionaire to stop, modify or defer specific

construction equipment,

o Processes, etc., as necessary, that are deemed to have contributed

significantly to monitoring readings in excess of permissible

environmental "safe" levels.

Table 21Environment Monitoring Programme

Environment Stage

Institutional Responsibilities

Component Parameter Standards/Methods Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision

Air Quality Construction PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

NO2, CO CPCB

Sewer

Construction

Sites

Once in

every season

(except

monsoon)

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Operation PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

NO2, CO

STP / MPS/ SPS

& Sewer Sites

Once in a year

except

monsoon for

first 5 years.

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Water Quality Construction

pH, EC, TDS, Total

Hardness, Total

Alkalinity, BOD, COD,

DO, Ca, Mg, SO4, Fe,

PO4, NO3, Coliform

CPCB

Sewer

Construction

Sites

Once in every

season

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Operation

pH, EC, TDS, BOD,

COD, DO, PO4, NO3,

Coliform

STP Sites Once in every

week

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Meteorology Construction

Rainfall,

humidity, Wind Speed,

Wind direction,

Temperature

USEPA's

Meteorological

Monitoring Guidance

for Regulatory

Modeling

Applications

One location

within

Anupshahr

Once in every

season

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Operation Rainfall,

humidity, Wind

USEPA's

Meteorological

One location

within Once in a year

Contractor through

approved PMC, Anupshahr

Environment Stage


Component Parameter Standards/Methods Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision

Speed, Wind

direction,

Temperature

Monitoring Guidance

for Regulatory

Modeling

Applications

Anupshahr monitoring

agency/Lab

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Noise Levels Construction

Leq dB (A) (Day

and Night) Average

and Peak values

Ambient Noise

Standard

CPCB

Sewer

Construction

Sites

Once in every

season

(except

monsoon)

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Operation

Leq dB (A) (Day

and Night) Average

and Peak values

Sewer

Construction

Sites

Once in a year

except

monsoon for

first 5 years.

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Soil Construction

Physical

Parameters:

Texture, Grain

Size, Gravel,

Sand, Silt, Clay;

Chemical

Parameters: pH,

Conductivity,

Calcium,

Magnesium,

Sodium, Nitrogen,

Absorption Ratio

Consider the

following methods:

IS-2720 (Various part);

Soil Chemical

Analysis by M.L.

JACKSON.

Soil Test Method by

Ministry of

agriculture

Sewer

Construction

Sites and SPS

Once in every

season

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and SPMG

Environment

Component Stage


Parameter Standards/Methods Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision

Operation

Physical

Parameter :

Texture, Grain

Size, Gravel,

Sand, Silt, Clay;

Chemical

Parameter: pH,

Conductivity,

Calcium,

Magnesium,

Sodium,

Nitrogen,

Absorption Ratio

Consider the following

methods:

IS-2720 (Various part);

Soil Chemical Analysis by

M.L. JACKSON.

Soil Test Method by

Ministry of agriculture

Along sewer

construction

sites, SPS

Twice in a

year (Pre-

monsoon and

Post

monsoon) for

first 5 years,

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC,

Anupshahr

Nagar

Parishad and

SPMG

7.4 Social Management Plan

7.4.1 Social mitigation plans during construction phase

Based on the identified social issues, doable mitigation plans are proposed. Some of these

measures are already listed in the DPRs, and some of them are additionally recommended

for social development of the project and the concerned stakeholders.

1. Impact on human health

Mitigation Measure: Acoustic enclosures or hoardings can be constructed at the proposed

sites.

Mitigation plan involves the erection of temporary enclosures around construction sites.

These barriers will help entrap some of the dust that is brought up in digging. They will also

provide safety benefits, to be detailed below. According to the interaction/consultation

with the key stakeholders, it was said that contractors are doing water sprinkling in the

construction area.

2. Traffic Congestion

Mitigation Measure: Re-route traffic whenever possible and employing traffic police to

manage the traffic movement.

Traffic must be re-routed to facilitate ease of movement. Proper signage should provide

detailed information on the dates and duration of road closures and which detours will be

available, ideally well in advance of actual construction so residents can plan accordingly.

Strategic placement of traffic police at critical intersections will also facilitate better flow of

traffic. Plans and budget for these measures are already included in the DPR.

3. Impact on livelihood

Sewer constructions will invariable lead to road closures, which will adversely affect shops

on those streets. The first priority is for the contractor to take the necessary measures to

ensure that pedestrians always have access to shops, vendors, etc. For mobile vendors, this

may include adjusting the location of the cart, etc. to a similar location in the immediate

vicinity of the original location for the duration of the project. Projects should also proceed

on schedule so as to minimize disruption.

174

Additionally, clean-up of debris and clearance of blockages should commence immediately

after project completion so as to remove any potential obstacles that might prevent

customers from accessing businesses or other disruptions.

In the event that the contractor, despite best efforts, is unable to avoid blockages of the

roads and/or disruption of local businesses, some compensation is necessary. The ESMF

currently mandates compensation only in the case of permanent livelihood loss or

displacement and provides no provisions for livelihood loss of mobile vendors. Additionally,

no regulation, policy, guideline, etc. exists which can provide precedent or guidance in this

instance. ESMF clearly states that mobile/ambulatory hawkers: fruit cart vendors, etc. who

can easily relocate fall into this category. These vendors are most eligible for a temporary

relocation just outside the construction area, and will thus not be eligible for compensation

as is the case for this proposed project.

However if during the construction of the project any party faces livelihood loss due to the

proposed project, then that party should be compensated according to the entitlement

matrix given in the ESMF report.

4. Impact on existing utility services

Mitigation Measure:

• Circulating the layout plans of the existing underground alignment near the

work site

• Contacting the relevant department in case there is any damage to any of the

utility services and ensuring prompt fixing/replacing of damaged infrastructure

Temporary shifting of power/water lines for construction purposes is already budgeted for

in the DPR. Nevertheless, all construction personnel must receive detailed layout plans of

existing underground structures to prevent accidental water/electricity supply disruptions.

The relevant departments should also be made aware of the timing and location of digging

near supply lines so they can make the necessary preparations to respond swiftly to

disruptions.

175

5. Safety hazards

Mitigation Measure: Fencing of the excavation site and providing proper caution sign

boards. As mentioned above, fencing should be erected around construction sites and

appropriately marked with caution signage. These fences/signs should remain in place even

if construction is not active, so long as a hazard (e.g. open pit) remains.

6. Elevated Noise Levels

According to UP Jal Nigam officials, construction will take place after school hours or at

other times of school closing to avoid interfering with school functioning sensitive locations.

Beyond that, construction must simply proceed in a deliberate and judicious manner to

avoid unnecessary noise pollution. Noise barriers will be placed near sensitive receptors like

hospitals and schools

7. Failure to Restore Temporary Construction Sites

As mentioned above, provisions to rehabilitate roads and clear debris are already included

in the DPR.

8. Public Notice: According to the suggestion given by locals during the interview.

Government and contractor should give a prior notice to each and every locality with the

details of project, street wise start date of construction and street wise end date of

construction, contact person during emergency. This information would help them better

adjust to the situation and make necessary adjustments and provisions.

9. Health Programme for Workers: If un-sanitary conditions prevail at labours camp,

health programmes for their well-being should be implemented.

7.4.2 Social mitigation plans during operation phase

Noise pollution due to improper handling of machines: proper O&M should be carried out

during the operation phase to ensure least disturbance is caused to the neighboring

residents.

176

Table 22Social Management Plan


Mitigation Measures Cost Issues

I. Sewerage and Sanitation Projects

A. Design and Development Phase

Land Acquisition for new pumping station

NA

•STP/SPS is planned on land that is easily obtained by the govt. authorities

NA

Laying of sewer network

Safety hazards to workers and residents

•Provide workers with Adequate safety equipment such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, etc. Fences/temporary enclosures should be put around construction sites (even inactive ones, if hazards, like open pits, remain); enclosures should be properly marked with

NA

Dust generation, with resulting implications for human health

•Water sprinkling, removal of excess materials, cleaning of sites upon completion of activities. •Construction of temporary enclosures to entrap dust

•Considered in EMP Budget

Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses, with inverse effects on livelihoods

Work should proceed on schedule so as to minimize road closures Upon project completion, quick clearance of debris etc. will facilitate access by customers to local business and residents

NA

177


Mitigation Measures Cost Issues

Temporary water , electricity, supply interruptions

Circulation of layout plan for all underground infrastructure to ensure that contractor is aware of water/electricity lines in construction zones •Local utilities should beamed aware of timing/location of all construction, enabling them to respond swiftly to supply disruption, especially in the event of flooding, etc.

Provision of Feeder pillars has been made for the proposed infrastructure construction

Increased traffic inconvenience (emissions, congestions, longer travel times)

•Use of alternate traffic routes; signage should clearly indicate dates of road closures and new routes so residents can plan accordingly •Placement of traffic officer sat busy intersections to facilitate easy of movement

Residents will follow alternate routes and no such heavy vehicular movement is seen on these roads.

Impact to daily life Prior public notice indicating the date of start of construction and end date of construction should be provided road-wise to the locals, allowing them to make adjustments accordingly

178

7.4.3 Consultation Framework for Participatory Planning and Implementation of

Mitigation Plan

Relevant stakeholders, especially community members (residents, shop owners, etc.)

may be informed about the details of the proposed mitigation plan. A public

consultation may be conducted where the mitigation plan is presented, and feedback

solicited from the community. Individual meetings with other key stake holders -

government officials, relevant NGOs, etc. could be scheduled to solicit their feedback as

well. Once construction begins and the mitigation plan is put into effect, third party

audits should be taken up so as to evaluate the efficacy of the mitigation plan, as well as

gauge local sentiments related to the construction and identify/address new issues that

may have arisen during construction.

Stakeholders that should be involved in planning and implementation of the mitigation

plan include;

Decision makers, policy makers, elected representatives of people, community

and citizens, NGOs etc;

Staff of executing agency, implementing agencies, GPCU, etc.

Officials of the revenue departments, social welfare department etc; and

Representatives of the various state government departments, as required.

7.4.4 TRANSPARENCY AND CITIZEN VOICE

Besides the activities mentioned in the above para, it is essential for the success of the

project that complete transparency about it is maintained. Citizens voice about the

project shall be heard & all the grievances of the stake holders/citizens must be

properly addressed to. This is to be achieved by:-

a Disclosure and dissemination of information

This is to be achieved by Municipality disclosures act, RTI and NGRBA guidelines on

stake holders, consultations.

b Citizen voice

This is sought to be achieved by the following:-

i Disclosure of information regarding the project to the public at regular intervals.

ii Consultation and engagement of genuine stake holders on investments regarding the

project.

179

c Use of social audits

This is sought to be achieved by the “people’s audit” which provides the real view

regarding the performance of the project based on the society’s perception & analysis.

d Adherence to RTI Act

The Right to Information act will be used to ensure transparency on all aspects of the

programme by proactive disclosure & sharing of information voluntarily & on demand

as prescribed under the law with key stake holders, communities and beneficiaries.

This information would be provided regarding all components of the project including

cost estimates, procurement plans, details of tender notices, details of award of

Contracts, Contract amounts, Selection of consultants & the details of officials

implementing the project.

GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL

Redressal of grievances contributes to a great extent to the positive perception of the

public regarding the project implementation. Therefore it is essential that any query or

a complaint vis a vis any aspect of the project implementation is promptly,

effectively& positively addressed. The Grievances will be submitted through various

mediums, in person, through phone calls, online or through letters. A single system for

redressal of grievances shall be adopted at the project level to ensure that its purpose is

met. The integrated grievance system will include the following.

i Establishing Grievances Redressal Cell (GRC) with dedicated project officer and

system at the local EA & ULB .At project level the proposed GRC includes Executive

Officer, Anupshahar Nagar Palika. Assistant Engineer, U.P.Jal Nigam will be

Grievance redressal officer at EA level including representative of DBO. Name and

contact information of GRO will be displayed at project site/Notice Board and also

disclosed on website of ULB, EA and SPMG.

ii The public also can submit their unresolved grievances at Tehsil Divas on every

second and fourth Tuesday of every month between 10:00 to 14:00, to District

Magistrate/Sub District Magistrate and all district level officials for quick redressal.

iii The SPMG & EA will prepare a half yearly report on grievance redressal under

GAAP and will be reviewed during meeting of CMCs and Social Audit.

iv The above arrangement will be in addition to the PIO official appointed under RTI

Act, under office of the General Manager, Yamuna Pollution Control Unit, U.P.Jal

Nigam, Ghaziabad.

INSPECTION AND AUDIT

180

Third party inspecting agencies engaged will review the implementation of project

based on site visits & discussions with executing agencies & stake holders to assure

the quality & implementation schedule. Similarly financial audits both internal and

external will be conducted annually at regular intervals to ensure that the financial

investments are put to proper use.

7.4.5 Assess the Capacity of Institutions and Mechanisms for Implementing Social

Development Aspects and Social Safeguard Plans; Recommend Capacity building measures

Roles and functions of the institutions are pre-defined, but they can enhance their

capacity for better implementation and operation of the project. There should be

synergies and continual interaction amongst the departments for better coordination.

The officers of the relevant departments can be trained in social sciences, social

management plan, etc.

Table 23Role of stakeholder in implementation and mitigation

Stakeholder Category Role in project implementation

Role in mitigation

NMCG Monitoring at National Level Coordinating so that the mitigation plan is implemented well Ensuring funds for mitigationplan execution

Executing agencies (UP Jal Nigam, Ganga Pollution Control Unit)

Implementation of the project by awarding the project to the suitable contractor and regional coordination Informing the relevant departments about the progress of the project

Ensuring that the relevant departments are available for mitigation plans Enough safety provisions are available for the project implementation.

Jal Sansthan While execution of projects related to sewerage line, Jal Sansthan is responsible for the damage caused to the public utility functions like drinking water pipe line.

Should ensure that the basic amenities are in order during the construction and operational phase of the project

Municipality Ensuring better access to households

Should ensure all the households envisaged at project planning phase gets access to the services. Weaker section of the society should get equitable share.

181

State, local Government Coordination Monitoring and evaluation

Coordination Monitoring and evaluation Ensure all the safeguarding plans are in line and acted upon.

NGOs, CSOs Awareness creation about the project activities Community participation for better project implementation

Public participation and coordination

7.4.6 Develop Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms to Assess Social Development

Outcomes

Regular monitoring and evaluation of the project activities should be carried out to judge its

success or any gaps. Certain key parameters can be taken as the benchmark for monitoring

and evaluation of the project based on the identified development outcomes. Some of the

indicators are listed below;

• Increase in sewer access (number of households linked to the sewer network)

• Decrease in effluent discharge into the Ganga (water quality assessment of the river)

• Proper sites for industries, building etc.

• Accessibility of the service to backward and weaker sections of the society

• Increase in public toilet

• Increase in the land rate (property appreciation value)

• Decrease in water borne disease incidence in the area

7.5 EMP Budget

The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures proposed

in the ESMP is detailed in Table 27 and the cost of the Environmental Monitoring is given in

Table 28. There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of

good engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the Engineering

Cost. The rates adopted for the budget has been worked out on the basis of market rates

and the Schedule of rates. Various environmental aspects covered/will are covered under

engineering costs are listed below:

Proper drainage arrangements to prevent water stagnation/ flooding in SPS and STP

site area

182

Appropriate siting, and enclosing within building to reduce noise and odour nuisance

to surrounding area. Drainage along the ghats to collect the discharge from the

residents and connecting to city sewer.

Alternate traffic re-routing,

Ensuring storage of excavated soil material on the higher lying areas

Solid Waste Management

The tentative cost breakup of the EMP is given in Table 7.4. These costs are to be considered

as estimated on a lump-sum basis, since the detailed cost estimates depend on site

condition and construction/operation practices.

Table 24 EMP Budget

Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure Cost included in

the DPR (Yes/no/not clear)

Cost in Rupees (or Details if provided in DPR)

Remarks

Design and Development

Design of efficient STP Selection of appropriate technology

Yes (not specific but included as a part of

associated construction activity)

DPR for Sewerage System at Anupshahr, Chapter - 7, Estimate

MBBR technology has been chosen in the proposed DPR

Sludge disposal design in STP

Appropriate technology/ sludge management




The proposed DPR includes these activities

Provision for accidental leakages / bursts in

STP/SPS

Proper drainage arrangements to prevent water stagnation/ flooding in STP/SPS site area





Location of STP Provision of trees as noise

barriers and to reduce odour nuisance if any

Yes (provision of plantation and

development of STP campus)


The proposed STP is placed away from main residential area and its enclosed nature prevents odour and due to the MBBR technique being used no such noise pollution is taking place.

Tree plantation: Suggested to grow trees which are suitable to grow in the study area. Trees like Neem, Sal, Arjun, Jamun, Nahera, Pongamia, Harar, Drek, Bahera, Ailanthus are suitable for the present project area.

Location of SPS

Appropriate siting, and enclosing within building to

reduce noise and odour nuisance to surrounding area

Yes DPR for Sewerage

System at Anupshahr, Chapter - 7, Estimate

The proposed SPS will be indoor which will prevent noise and enclosed nature and appropriate cleaning and maintenance will prevent odour nuisance

Construction Excavation, Cutting and

filling operations

Review of existing

infrastructure, shoring trenches,

reinstatement/




184

resurfacing

Damage public utilities

Proper reviewing of existing drawings of utilities, informing

concern authorities and reinstatement of public

utilities




Dust

generation

Water sprinkling on excavated material to suppress dust and provision of top cover when transported through vehicles

No

Water tanker: Rs. 108000.00

Top cover for dumper truck: Rs. 22,500

Water sprinkling: As per time schedule 24 months - 60 excluding monsoon period. Per day, as estimated 100m will be covered1000 L water will be consumed every-day for 100m using sprinkler, average 2 times a day. Labour cost = Rs. 150/day Rs 300/tanker + Rs. 150/labourer = Rs. 450 Per meter cost = Rs.450/100m = Rs. 4.50 Total cost for 60 km = Rs.4.50 x 60,000 = Rs. 2,70,000

Keeping a 2-day margin for construction and re-instatement per site:

= 4 x 270000 = Rs1080000/- Top cover:

Approximately 30 Sqm of top cover may be required for each vehicle. Assume that 10 such vehicles are required in transporting excess soil to dumping location (considering construction schedule and max excavated earth disposal). Therefore: 10 trucks x required top cover 30 Sqm xCost of Tripol cover @Rs. 75/ Sqm = Rs. 22500

Phase Component of EMP Mitigation measure

Cost included in the DPR (Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees (or Details if provided in

DPR)

Remarks

185

Noise and vibrations Usage of sound barriers or

sheets. No

Setting up barricades: Rs. 43,500/-

Setting up noise barriers (installing GI sheets): Rs.

3,37,000

As per the schedule, the construction of 60km has to be executed in 24 months which implies that approximately 10 days are required for completing 1km or 100 m/day. Setting up barricade frame: • wooden rod (bamboo or babool) length = 10ft = 3m Total rods (vertical) required = 250/3 = 83.3 ~ 90. Total rods (horizontal) required (2 layers) = 250/3 x 2 = 83.3 x 2 ~ 90 x 2 = 180. Total one side = 180 + 90 = 270 rods Total opposite side Total = 180+ 90 = 270 Rate for 1 wooden rod = Rs.75 per rod. Total cost for frame = Rs.300 * 540 rods = Rs. 40,500 Labour Cost: 2 labourers per day = 2 x 150 = Rs.300 Total = Rs.300 x 10days for barricading= Rs. 3000 Using Galvanized Iron (GI) sheets as noise barriers in sensitive zones: Based on discussions with SPMG, noise barriers will be setup only in sensitive regions hence, only 2.0 kms (estimated) of noise barrier would be required. 2.0 km@250m/day would require 10 days. Approximately 250 m of barricade is set up

On each side of construction site= 250mx2=500m per site Each Gi sheet has dimensions of 10ft x 4ft=3m x 1.2m Laying each sheet horizontally, 2 sheets would cover a height of 1.2 m + 1.2 m=2.4 m and a length of 3.0 m Number of GI sheets required for 250m

186

stretch(Left side)= 250/3*2=167 sheets Number of GI sheets required for 250m stretch(Right side)= 250/3*2=167 sheets Total=334 sheets Hence, 334 sheets x Cost of GI sheet Rs. 1000per sheet (Rs. 70-100 per Kg)+ Labour cost for 10 Days(two laborers at average rate of Rs. 150.0 per day). =334x 1000+(150x2x10)=Rs. 3,37,000.00 The above mentioned costs are generalized cost for a 250m stretch for barricades, GI sheets separately.

Temporary Flooding or water logging

Alternate traffic rerouting Ensuring storage of excavated

soil material on the higher lying areas

No NA All the flooded water will be diverted in gravity to the existing nalas.

Increased traffic inconvenience

Traffic re-routing No

No such Heavy traffic can be seen in the town.

Labour camps (if adopted)

Health hazards and nuisance due to absence

of facility for sanitation or solid waste management

Sanitation No

Cost of construction of pit and toilet building

approximately Rs. 10,00,000

Cleaning of all pits 1,20,000

Total number of labourers is estimated assuming 35% of total project working for average 20 months (24 months for sewerage and 16 months for STP). The labour camps can be divided into 2 camps, for appropriate management and maintenance work. Each camp will have around 2000 labourers A toilet with septic tank is been suggested for sanitation facility at labour camps.

• Pit: Assuming single pit of 100cum would cover 1000 people.2 pits are needed in 1 camp. Construction of one pit would cost approximately Rs. 1, 50,000/-. So for 2 camps 2 pits each is required. So total cost of pit construction would be Rs. 6,00,000

• Construction of toilet building consisting of 15

187

toilets cost Rs 80,000. 5 such buildings will cost 4,00,000

• Pit cleaning: The filled pit has to be cleaned after 9 months by either disposing off at refusal site or STP by concerned Municipal agency. Cleaning of one pit would be approximately

• Rs15, 000/-. So, for 4 pits in the given project duration twice cleaning would be needed, So total cost would be Rs. 1,20,000

Water Supply No Approximately Rs. 11,22,500/-

As estimated 2000 labourers will be at one camp, so approximately 400 families. Around 25 stand posts will be needed at one camp. One stand post cost is Rs 6250/-So total cost of construction will be Rs. 3,12,500.00 For the standard of 135 LPCD, 5, 40,000 L of water is needed for both the camps. At the rate of Rs 2.5KL, the cost of water provisioning would be Rs 1350.00 per day. For 20 months, cost will be Rs. 8,10,000/-

Dust bins No Approximately

Rs. 4,00,000

Solid waste generation: Generally about 200 grams of solid waste is generated per 5 persons every day. Hence 4 cluster dustbin (one for biodegradable waste and one for non-biodegradable waste of 1 cum size at the rate of Rs. 2000/-) may handle solid waste generated.

Treatment and disposal of sludge

Ensure proper functioning of STP for digestion of sludge

Aesthetic appearance by green cover

No

No treatment of sludge is required as the yearly exercise of sludge removal will take place and the sludge removed will be used as the manure.

The estimated cost of the environmental management plans that are not included in the DPR amount to Rs. 41, 25,500.00/-.

Table 25Cost of Environmental Monitoring Plan

Item Location Season Year Total

Samples in

No.

Unit Cost

Rs. Total Cost Rs.

Environment Monitoring during Construction Stage

Air quality monitoring 4 3 2 24 7,100 170400

Metrological data 1 3 2 6 5,000 30000

Noise / vibration 4 3 2 24 2,000 48000

Soil analysis 4 3 2 24 5,500 132000

Water Quality Assessment at

2 STP and 2 SPS sites 4 4 2 32 6,500 208000

Travel and Transportation of

monitoring Team Lump sum 3,00,000

Green Belt Development

along the periphery of STP's

and SPS's

Lump sum 2,00,000

Sub total Rs.1088400.00

Environment Monitoring Cost (Operation Stage)

Air quality monitoring 4 1 5 20 7,000 140000

Metrological data 1 1 5 5 5,000 25000

Noise / vibration 4 1 5 20 2,000 40000

Soil analysis 4 1 5 20 5,500 110000

Water Quality Analysis 4 4 5 80 6,500 520000

Travel and Transportation of

monitoring Team Lumpsum

4,50,000

Accidental Bursts Lumpsum 3,00,000

Green Belt monitoring Lumpsum 2,50,000

Subtotal 1835000

Total for Environmental Monitoring (Construction and Operation Phase) Rs. 2923400.00

The estimated cost of the Environmental Management Plans that are not included in the DPR amount

toRs. 41, 25,500.00/-. Total Cost of Environmental Monitoring is Rs. 2923400/-. Total EMP Budget

including monitoring cost is Rs.70, 48,900.00/- (Say 70.49 Lac).

189

8 Social Development Outcomes and Issues

Introduction:

The cultural and social status of the residing community is very important and can be

understand in accordance with the region's existing baseline social status. The various

suggestions were given in the public consultation and during focus group discussion (FGD).

The discussion with the stake holders are put forwarded in this chapter.

Public consultation/stakeholder consultation and focus group discussion

The public consultation and focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted on 10th January,

2014 and 14th January 2014 wherein social expert has interacted in a well prescribed

Questionnaire, which is enclosed as Annexure 7. The details of public consultation are

presented below:

Major components/ Key issues of the project discussed like

1. STP Zone-A, Anupshahr (Location, Odour, Treated effluent, Land requirement etc.)

2. STP Zone-B, Anupshahr (Location, Odour, Treated effluent, Land requirement etc.)

3. MPS Zone-A, Anupshahr (Location, Noise, Approach to MPS, Land requirement etc.)

4. MPS Zone-B, Anupshahr (Location, Noise, Approach to MPS, Land requirement etc.)

Minutes:-

1. The land adjacent of Existing campus of STPs in both zones are vacant and local

people and stake holders have no objection in acquisition of land for construction

STPs for subsequent years up to 2048.

2. Land acquisition resulting in Relocation of households.

3. The people of Anupshahr are highly appreciate the sewerage project introduced by

Jal Nigam and also show their cooperative nature in listening the objective and

significance of project. There are no tribal settlements in the project area.

4. Construction works near schools and colleges are carried out during vacations and

works near hospitals are completed on priority basis (in shorter time period with

alternate provision of traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.), the impacts may

be limited

5. Sewer construction leads to the temporary tearing up of roads and increase in large

construction vehicles, which might impair traffic movement, especially in the

narrower roads should also be considered

190

6. Although temporary, concerns regarding failure to restore construction sites

including failure to close and appropriately fence off open pits were cited as safety

concerns especially for children.

7. Due to the construction of sewer lines, raw sewage that currently flows into the river

and/or overflows into the streets will now be routed to the STP. This will prevent

flooding of adjacent areas.

8. There will be a significant improvement in water quality due to effluent discharge

being treated.

9. To avoid the Dust generation provision of Water sprinkling should be provided

10. While execution of projects related to sewerage line, Jal Sansthan is responsible for

the damage caused to the public utility functions like drinking water pipe line.

11. Ensuring better access to household.

191

Discussions at the Ghat, Near Intercept Sewer tapping

Discussions at the STP A in Zone-A

Discussions at STP B in Zone-B

192

Discussions at MPS-A, Zone-A

Discussions at MPS-B, Zone-B

193

Awareness about the project to be implemented under Mission Clean Ganga.

Only 35% people are aware that the project is to be implemented under Mission Clean

Ganga. Majority of the public doesn’t know about the project and only 10% people have

little information regarding the project.

The Awareness of the project has been predicted by means of questionnaire and the results

are presented below:

Necessity of the Project

Majority of people were in favor of the project implementation. The project was favoured

by the people looking the sanitary conditions of the town in the future.

Present Sanitation/Pollution Condition in the city

The conditions in the town are very serious and the people residing are agreed with the fact.

All the population of the town favours the improvement in the present sanitation conditions

except the small chunk of 5 %.The response on the present sanitation conditions in the town

are shown below:

48%

35%

10% 7%

Doesn't know

Know

Little Information

Only heard the name of Mission CleanGanga

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Household connections

In the present scenario, there are no household connections in the Anupshahr Town.

Connections of toilet to sewer line

Majority people of around 90% are willing that there toilet should be connected to sewer

line while 2% people do not bother regarding such issue and about8 % people do not want

such kind of scheme. The response on the willingness for the sewer connection in the town

is shown below:.

60%

35%

5%

Very Serious Need to Improve

Do not Bother

90%

8% 2%

Yes No Do not Bother

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Major water borne and vector borne diseases in the area

Diarrhea, Malaria, Typhoid, Cholera and dengue are the major water borne and vector

borne diseases in the area.

Effect on certain parameters due to the construction of the project.

I. Traffic: In general viewpoint there will be inconvenience during construction phase

due to laying of sewer pipes and traffic blockage but this effect will be short term.

II. Parking: Same problem of vehicles is expected on a short term basis lasting during

project construction phase.

III. Aesthetic Value: The aesthetic value of neighbourhood and environment will

improve due to commissioning of the project.

IV. Health: The health related problem can be controlled by using mitigation measures

of dust control, noise pollution check etc. This would be short term effect.

V. Access to River: River water quality will improve and River would be more

accessible.

VI. Noise: Effect on noise would be minimal and shall be mitigated using mitigation

measures. Effect on noise would be short term.

VII. Livelihood: Effect on livelihood would be short term, difficulty in accessibility and

movement due to digging of the roads can be arise but for short duration.

VIII. Impact due to worker’s camp: The unsanitary conditions and safety concerns can be

mitigated by providing the proper sanitation facilities in the labour camps.

Project will help in improving the sanitation status of the city

Mostly all (94 %) people agreed that there will be improvement in the sanitation status of

the city after project implementation. The response on prospect of improving sanitation

status in the town is shown below:

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Future scenario in the absence of the project

Around 95% of respondents felt that, the condition in the coming future will worsen if such

kinds of schemes are not taken up. This project will help in improving the

sanitation/environment condition in the town as well as the water quality of the river Ganga

will also improve. The response on future scenario in the absence of project is shown below:

94%

3%

3%

Yes No Don't Know

95%

2%

3%

Worst Situation

No effect

Can not Say

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Effects of project in post completion stage

Pollution reduction: This project will surely help in the pollution reduction of the city.

Better Sanitation: The sanitation conditions in the town will improve.

Reduction in smell/flies: There will be control over such problems as there will be no open

drains.

Access to River: River Ganga would be more accessible as the quality of the water will

improve and there would not be direct discharge of nallah in the river.

Conflicts during implementation/construction of the project

Most of the people are in favour of the project and they do not perceive any conflict during

implementation/construction of the project.

Improvement in Ganga river quality

Around 95% people agreed that the quality of river Ganga will improve as there will be no

direct discharge of untreated sewage in the river.

Implementation of the project in a timely and efficient manner

Around 75% people answered that the state authority will implement the project in a timely

and efficient manner while 20 % people answered that the implementation of the project

will take more time than estimated period of completion.

Redressal mechanism in case of any grievances

Mostly people suggested that there should be a Grievance Redressal Officer and whose

contact number should be available at sites so that general people can contact him and

address him about their grievances.

Cultural issues/threats against similar projects in the past

Mostly people do not perceive any threat and cultural issues for such kind of projects. It was

suggested that implementing agency should give maximum employment to local people for

the project implementation.

Temporary disruption/disturbance during the construction/operation phase

Around 80% people are ready to cope with the temporary disruption/disturbances during

the construction/operation phase as the project is beneficial for the town and river Ganga.

Around 15% people suggested that there should be a provision of compensation if any

property of individual is damaged.

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8.1 Social Development Outcomes of the sub project

Access to sewer network: This service will cater to the projected population until the

year 2048. According to the DPR, population is expected to increase, approx. 63635 by

2048. In this time, waste water generation is expected to increase approx. 6.87 MLD.

Hence the increase sewerage will prevent outflow of waste water to the Ganga.

Better hygienic conditions: The sewerage network will provide improved

environmental conditions due to the contained handling of wastes, leading to improved

public health conditions and will likely reduce the average medical expenses of the

residents in the project areas. According to DPR this area has sewerage system but the

sewers are very old, under capacity and deteriorated condition, which causes

significant flow of untreated sewage into river and also this sewage, gets accumulated

on road/drain sides. These areas suffer from powerful odors and greater amounts of

flies/mosquitoes, which will be mitigated with the sewerage connection and overall

improvement in environment and health is anticipated from this project.

Decrease in water pollution: Because of the sewer line connection, all the waste water

will be collected and directed to treatment plant, which only after treatment will be

disposed off to the river, hence decreasing the pollutant load in the river.

Increase in aesthetic value of the project area: connection to sewer lines enhance the

aesthetic value of the area, as there will be more cleanliness and no wastewater

discharge to open area. This will also lead to appreciation in the property value. This

will eventually lead to increase in standard of living of the people in the project site.

The support for this statement comes from the counter-factual scenario observed in

areas with only nalas (bad odor, insects, etc.).

Reduction in cost of implementation: According to DPR, wherever possible

development of sewerage will be integrated with existing GAP infrastructure to reduce

the overall investment cost.

Cultural sentiments: Proper sewage disposal would increase the river water quality. As

the holy river is attached to many rituals and customs, enhanced river water quality

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would connect to sentiments of the people.

8.2 Social Development Issues in Project Vicinity and Social Services to be provided by

the project

The social benefits of the proposed project are given above. The social services required to

ensure that these benefits are realized are given below:

• Ensure backward section of the society gets the facility: Some residents complained

that they did not feel they personally would benefit from the project as their houses

did not have sewer connection. Thus, increasing household connections will ensure

that project benefits are equitably distributed. Plans for increasing connections are

detailed in the DPR. Special care should be taken to ensure access for backward and

vulnerable sections of the society. Full benefits of the facilities proposed under DPR

cannot be realized unless a programme to improve coverage of branch sewers and

household connection is carried in parallel.

• Increasing public toilet facilities: In this project the component of Latrines and

connection to BPL families is taken, to improve or increase the public toilet facilities will

ensure that residents of Anupshahr without permanent housing and tourists

(especially visiting during 'Mela' are able to benefit from the increased sewerage

access. Increasing toilet access will decrease practices such as Open Defecation. This

eventually would lead to better water quality and would have better environment and

social ramifications.

• Targeting of economically weaker communities: for construction jobs related to sub-

project: In order to ensure that the economic benefits of the sub-project is felt by those

in need, those from backward communities should be specifically targeted for relevant

jobs.

• Proper clean-up of project debris: In order to maximize aesthetic benefits and ensure

that debris does not clog sewer path, proper clean-up of project areas must be

performed after the project is completed. Collection and disposal of debris is essential

for proper function of other essential processes like traffic routing, pedestrian

pathways, and clearance of dust and particles causing pollution. Clean area will also

enhance the aesthetic value and increase the property rate of the area.

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9 Conclusion

The project report of the proposed sub-project for sewerage in Anupshahr town after

environment and social analysis concludes that the project falls in 'low impact' category

and have overall positive benefits on the life and environment of the people. As per

environmental and social management framework guidelines of NGRBA, Environmental

and Social Assessment, with a Generic Safeguard Management Plan was conducted for

addressing possible issues/ concerns arising from proposed project.

Impacts of activities identified during the assessment fell under two separate categories

of Construction and Operation. Although no such permanently negative or adverse

environmental or social impacts were identified, there were certain temporary impacts,

for which appropriate mitigation plans have also been suggested. The environmental

management plan ensures to suggest appropriate mitigation measure against the

issues/ concerns identified during the environmental and social analysis study. All the

social and environmental issues were appropriately studied and have been

substantiated using appropriate evidences, to ascertain the magnitude of their impacts.

Even the issues of public grievances and public notice have been taken care in the

report to confirm transparency during the project implementation. Report also ensures

that well defined institutional mechanism is in place to monitor and evaluate the

progress of the project during construction, implementation and operation phases.

Stakeholder consultations and interviews helped to understand the general perception

of public towards the project and it can be determined that the people of the project

site are happy and welcome such an initiative for their betterment. It was also pointed

out that the large overall environmental benefits of the project such as prevention of

discharge of untreated sewage into River Ganga, improvement in sewerage collection

and treatment, prevention of untreated liquid waste infiltrating into ground water and

soil, improvement in quality of life, human dignity and increased productivity greatly

outweigh the temporary inconveniences faced during the implementation stages.

SFG1690 V9 Public Disclosure Authorized€¦ · 01/02/2016 · Ganga Action Plan-I, Nala tapping...

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